102,295 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Fig. 4 in First Records of the Blacktail Triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Helcogramma aquila, from Japan, with Notes on its Fresh Coloration
No full textFig. 4. Underwater photographs of Helcogramma aquila. A, female (left) and male (right); B, female (same female individual as in A), Maeda, Onna, Okinawa-jima island, Japan, 3–5 m, 13 May 2012. Photos by T. Katano.Published as part of Tashiro, Satokuni & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2013, First Records of the Blacktail Triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Helcogramma aquila, from Japan, with Notes on its Fresh Coloration, pp. 9-14 in Species Diversity 18 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.12782/sd.18.1.009, http://zenodo.org/record/458291
Synthesis of sphingosine relatives, XXIV. Determination of the Absolute Configuration at the Two Cyclopropane Moieties of Plakoside A, an Immunosuppressive Marine Galactosphingolipid
No full textSynthesis of sphingosine relatives, XXIV. Determination of the Absolute Configuration at the Two Cyclopropane Moieties of Plakoside A, an Immunosuppressive Marine Galactosphingolipid
No full textCareproctus orri Kai & Endo & Tashiro & Nakayama 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Careproctus orri</i> Kai &Tashiro sp. nov. <p>New Japanese name: Kujira-kon’nyaku-uo</p> <p>Figs. 1C, 2B, 2E, 3B; Table 1</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 05C338DF-2BA4-4EB8-AE56-A7B012BBFE96</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> NSMT-P 53657, 121.0 mm SL, female, 37.9512ºN, 141.2202ºE, off Miyagi, Japan, 808 m depth, T / V <i>Tanshu-maru</i>, 13 Apr. 1996, coll. by Gento Shinohara.</p> <p> <b>Paratype.</b> HUMZ 201730, 143.4 mm SL, female, 40.3302ºN, 142.3003ºE, off Iwate, Japan, 640 m depth, 11 Oct. 2007.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A species of <i>Careproctus</i> with the following combination of characters: vertebrae 58–60; dorsal-fin rays 52–53, anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore without ray, inserted between neural spines 3 and 4; anal-fin rays 47–49; pectoral-fin rays 34–35; pectoral fin with distinct notch; cephalic pores 2-6-7-2, chin pores single, unpaired; gill slit extending ventrally to 5 th or 6 th pectoral-fin ray; teeth strongly trilobed; pyloric caeca at least 15 to 21; peritoneum white, stomach dark.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Counts and measurements are shown in Table 1. Paratype data are given in parentheses if different from the holotype.</p> <p>Body humpbacked and compressed, tapering posteriorly, deepest at nape (Fig. 1C). Skin thin, lacking prickles. Head compressed, strongly sloping from nape to snout. Snout blunt, slightly protruding beyond tip of upper jaw. Mouth moderate in size, terminal; maxilla extending to anterior margin of pupil; oral cleft not reaching anterior rim of orbit. Premaxillary teeth strongly trilobed in 11 (9) oblique rows; inner teeth larger (Fig. 2B). Mandibular teeth strongly trilobed in 8 oblique rows; inner teeth larger. Diastema absent at symphysis of upper and lower jaws. Orbit and pupil rounded. Nostril single, with short tube at level with middle of orbit. Cephalic sensory pores small: nasal pores 2, maxillary pores 6, preoperculomandibular pores 7, suprabranchial pores 2; cephalic pore pattern 2-6-7-2. Chin pores single, unpaired (Fig. 3B). Coronal pore absent. Upper margin of gill slit at level with upper portion of orbit, extending ventrally to pectoral-fin ray 5 (6). Opercular flap slightly angular. Pyloric caeca 21 (at least 15 in paratype), on both left and right sides of visceral cavity.</p> <p> Vertebrae 60 (58) (11+47–49). Pleural ribs 2, long, present on vertebrae 9–10; anterior rib somewhat slender. Dorsal-fin rays 53 (52). Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore without ray, inserted between neural spines 3 and 4; dorsal-fin origin above anus, posterior to above tip of opercle. Anal-fin rays 49 (47); anal-fin origin below 8 th dorsalfin ray. Two anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing a single ray. Membrane of posterior dorsal- and anal-fin rays attached about equidistant on caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded (broken in paratype). Principal caudal-fin rays 10, single dorsal and anal procurrent rays present (absent). Hypurals and parhypural fused into single plate without slit.</p> <p> Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 35 (34) rays; upper lobe of 28 rays extending to anal-fin origin (or just beyond), dorsalmost ray lengthening to 6 th (5 th) ray, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch; lower lobe with 7 (6) thickened rays extending beyond anus, 6 th (5 th) ray from the ventralmost longest, lower rays exserted; rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Uppermost pectoral-fin base level with ventral rim of orbit; symphysis of pectoral-fins below posterior rim of orbit. Proximal pectoral radials 4, relatively small and rounded, upper 3 close together, 4th slightly separated from 3rd (3+1) (Fig. 2E). No interradial fenestrae between proximal radials. Scapula broad with robust helve. Coracoid triangular with broad lamina. Distal radials present at base of all pectoral-fin rays, except for uppermost and lowermost rays. Pelvic disk moderately large, round, below midway between posterior rim of orbit and gill slit. Anus below gill slit, closer to pelvic disk than anal-fin origin.</p> <p>Coloration: Live coloration unknown. When preserved, head and body pale brown (Fig. 1C). Fins pale brown, distal margins of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins dark. Peritoneum white; stomach dark.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Western Pacific Ocean, off the Pacific coast of Tohoku District, northern Honshu Is., Japan, in depths of 640– 808 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet “ <i>orri</i> ” is named for Dr. James W. Orr of Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NOAA), who has contributed greatly to the systematics of snailfishes.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The present new species is most similar to <i>Careproctus rausuensis</i> Machi, Nobetsu & Yabe, 2012 in having trilobed teeth, a cephalic pore pattern of 2-6-7-2, single and unpaired chin pores, a pectoral fin with a notch, and counts of dorsal- (52–53 in <i>C. orri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> vs. 50–55 in <i>C. rausuensis</i>), anal- (47–49 vs. 45–48), principal caudal- (10 vs. 10–11) and pectoral-fin rays (34–35 vs. 33–37) (Machi <i>et al</i>. 2012; this study). However, <i>C. orri</i> can be distinguished from <i>C. rausuensis</i> in having a humpbacked body (vs. a rounded dorsal profile), relatively small cephalic pores (vs. large pores), and a small gill slit, extending ventrally to pectoral-fin ray 5–6 (vs. a large gill slit, extending ventrally to pectoral-fin ray 7–11) (Machi <i>et al</i>. 2012; this study). The new species is further distinguished from the latter in having a more compressed body (body width: 8.9–10.1% SL vs. 17.0–20.1% SL). <i>Careproctus mollis</i> Gilbert & Burke, 1912, only known from the holotype (off Attu Island in the western Aleutian Islands) and two additional specimens (off Agattu Island in the western Aleutian Islands), is also similar to <i>C. orri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in having a humpbacked body, trilobed teeth, a cephalic pore pattern of 2-6-7-2, chin pores in a single pit, a pectoral fin with a notch. Unlike the new species, however, the position of anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore of <i>C. mollis</i> is more posterior, inserted between neural spines 5 and 6 (vs. between 3 and 4 in <i>C. orri</i>). The counts of pyloric caeca and coloration of stomach also distinguish <i>C. mollis</i> (8 and pale, respectively) from <i>C. orri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (at least 15 to 21 and dark) (Burke 1930; this study). <i>Careproctus longidigitus</i> Kai & Matsuzaki, 2019 and <i>Careproctus staufferi</i> Orr, 2016 also share the following characters with the present new species: trilobed teeth, a cephalic pore pattern of 2-6-7-2, chin pores in a single pit, and a pectoral fin with a notch (Orr 2016; Kai & Matsuzaki 2019; this study). However, the new species is clearly distinguishable from <i>C. longidigitus</i> in having 34–35 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 28–32) and rays in lower lobe of pectoral fin connected with membrane (vs. filamentous and nearly completely free of membrane) and from <i>C. staufferi</i> in having 58–60 total vertebrae (vs. 44–46), 52–53 dorsal- (vs. 40–42), and 47–49 anal-fin rays (vs. 33–37) (Orr 2016; Kai & Matsuzaki 2019; this study).</p>Published as part of <i>Kai, Yoshiaki, Endo, Hiromitsu, Tashiro, Fumihito & Nakayama, Naohide, 2021, Two new species of snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Cottoidei: Liparidae) from the western North Pacific Ocean with a range extension of Careproctus brevipectoralis, pp. 361-371 in Zootaxa 4951 (2)</i> on pages 366-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.2.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4664280">http://zenodo.org/record/4664280</a>
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
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