1,720,996 research outputs found
A regional approach to the environmental risk assessment - Human health risk assessment case study in the Campania region
No full textEnvironmental quality is fundamental for the wellbeing of human life. Environmental risk assessment and analysis have a crucial role in the evaluation of human health risk, especially in intensive urbanized and industrialized areas, such as the Campania region (Italy). In Italy, after the Legislative Decree 152/2006, the environmental risk assessment has become mandatory for contaminated lands such as brownfield sites.
For the purposes of the present study 3535 topsoil samples were collected across the whole regional territory. The concentrations of 53 elements have been determined by aqua regia extraction followed by a combination of ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods.
A new approach to assess/rank environmental risk was applied by using geospatial analysis in a GIS platform to adapt a European-wide accepted methodology for the preliminary assessment of human health risks at single contaminated sites to a regional scale.
The methodology chosen for the risk assessment procedures is the PRA.MS (Preliminary Risk Assessment Model for the identification and assessment of probelm areas for Soil contamination in Europe). Following the PRA.MS guidelines, a conceptual model for the human health risk assessment in the Campania region has been based on four different exposure routes: 1) dispersion of contaminants in groundwater, 2) dispersion in surface water, 3) dispersion in air, and 4) direct contact with the contaminated media (soil). The source, pathway and receptor for each exposure route are scored fusing a quantitative or qualitative analysis of some characteristic features (parameters).
A total of 14 representative parameters were chosen, based on the available regional data for Campania. Starting from the values of these parameters, the information is aggregated to higher levels in several steps, adopting a mixed additive and multiplicative algorithm, up to the overall risk score. The final risk map is classified into four risk classes. This map is useful for identifying high risk areas, where monitoring and more detailed analysis has to be carried out
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Ilmarajapinnan yli suoritettavat mittaukset, toleranssit ja useiden radioiden yhteistoiminnallisuus 5G mmWave radioratkaisussa
No full textAbstractIn this dissertation, the author has studied how a proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype for 5G millimeter wave (mmW) radio can be built and its performance can be analyzed against tolerances and anticipated product requirements without the guidance of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard requirements. It was shown in the thesis, that the development of a system-level PoC radio unit resembles closely the development process of the industrial product.5G mmW radio needs to be tested using over-the- air (OTA) measurements based on the 3GPP standard. However, the 3GPP requirements were not available at the time of the PoC development. Here new measurement methods were developed by the author to test the developed PoC mmW radio.Among OTA test techniques, error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement opens a new possibility to perform mmW measurements during communication signaling. Additionally, the use of mmW frequencies enables new OTA testing to be performed in an RF laboratory or office environments due to the small signal wavelength. As an example, the noise figure (NF) measurement for a mmW phased array receiver was demonstrated based on OTA EVM measurements in this thesis without expensive noise source equipment. Gain control both in the transmitter and the receiver were adapted to scale the required measurement range down in different OTA scenarios. This enables 5G mmW link range and cell coverage estimations with beam steering without cumbersome long-range outdoor measurements.The higher 5G mmW frequencies challenge the current manufacturing methods for telecommunication products since the wavelength of the signal is shorter, and the absolute manufacturing tolerances are larger at higher frequencies. The shape of the probability density function of the radio parameters is needed for quality level estimation purposes, and it was proven in the thesis that the antenna input matching follows a log-normal distribution on the dB scale.The product and measurement system calibration will not correct repeatability and reproducibility errors in the measurements. It was found that a standard deviation of the repeatably of the 5G mmW signal power level with OTA measurement in an RF laboratory or office environment is comparable with inaccuracies of modern OTA chambers for 4G OTA measurements.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Leinonen, M. E., Destino, G., Kursu, O., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). 28 GHz Wireless Backhaul Transceiver Characterization and Radio Link Budget. ETRI Journal, 40(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2017-0231Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). Statistical Measurement System Analysis of Over-The-Air Measurements of Antenna Array at 28 GHz. 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.0395Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). Out-of-Band Interference in 5G mmW Multi-Antenna Transceivers: Co-Existence Scenarios. 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc.2018.8443252Self-archived versionKursu, O., Leinonen, M. E., Destino, G., Tervo, N., Sonkki, M., Rahkonen, T., … Korvala, A. (2018). Design and measurement of a 5G mmW mobile backhaul transceiver at 28 GHz. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2018(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1211-5Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018, September). Quality Analysis of Antenna Reflection Coefficient in Massive MIMO Antenna Array Module. 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 1553-1556. https://doi.org/10.23919/eumc.2018.8541793Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen A. (2019). 5G mmW Receiver Interoperability with Wi-Fi and LTE transmissions. 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Jokinen, M., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). 5G mm-Wave Link Range Estimation Based on Over-the-Air Measured System EVM Performance. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest, 8701128, 476-479. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2019.8701128Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Jokinen, M., Tervo, N., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). System EVM Characterization and Coverage Area Estimation of 52G Directive mmW Links. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 67(12), 5282–5295. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2951773Self-archived versionLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., Tervo, N., & Pärssinen, A. (2020). Effect of Manufacturing Tolerances on the Antenna Array Performance. Manuscript submitted for publication.TiivistelmäTässä opinnäytetyössä, kirjoittaja on tutkinut, kuinka voidaan rakentaa konseptitodistuslaite (PoC) 5G millimetriaaltoradiosta (mmWave-radiosta) ja analysoida sen suorituskykyä oletettavissa olevien tuote- ja toleranssivaatimusten suhteen ilman käytössä olevia 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) -standardivaatimuksia. Työssä havaittiin, että järjestelmätason PoC radioyksikön kehittäminen noudattaa hyvin teollista tuotekehitysprosessia.5G mmWave-radioiden testaus tehdään 3GPP-standardeihin perustuen ilmarajapinnan yli (OTA), joita ei ollut saatavilla PoC radiokehityksen aikana, joten kirjoittaja kehitti uusia mittausmenetelmiä 5G mmWave PoC radion testaamiseen.OTA mittausmenetelmien joukossa virhevektorin suuruus (EVM) mittaus avaa uusia mahdollisuuksia mmWave radioiden testaamiseen, sillä testausta voidaan tehdä kommunikointisignaalin avulla ilman erityistä laitteen testitilaa. Lisäksi, mmWave taajuuksien käyttö mahdollistaa uusia OTA-mittauksia, joita voidaan suorittaa RF laboratorio- tai toimistoympäristöissä lyhyiden aallonpituuksien takia. Esimerkkinä kohinalukumittaus mmWave vaiheistetulle ryhmävastaanottimelle on demonstroitu käyttäen OTA EVM mittausta ilman kallista kohinageneraattoria. Lähettimessä ja vastaanottimessa on käytetty vahvistuksen säätöä, jotta mittausetäisyyttä on voitu lyhentää eri käyttötilanteissa. Tämä mahdollistaa 5G mmWave taajuisen linkkiyhteyden mittaamisen ja solun kattaman alueen arvioinnin säteenohjauksen kanssa ilman vaivalloisia ulkona tehtäviä pitkän kantaman mittauksia.Suuremmat 5G mmWave -taajuudet haastavat tietoliikennetuotteiden nykyiset valmistusmenetelmät, koska signaalin aallonpituus on lyhyempi ja absoluuttiset valmistustoleranssit ovat suurempia korkeammilla taajuuksilla. Radioparametrien todennäköisyysjakauman muotoja tarvitaan laatutason estimointia varten, ja työssä osoitettiin, että antennin sisääntulo impedanssisovitus noudattaa log-normaalijakaumaa dB-asteikolla.Tuotteiden ja mittalaitteistojen kalibrointi ei poista mittausten uusittavuus- ja toistettavuusongelmaa. Työssä havaittiin, että 5G mmWave signaalitehon mittauksen toistettavuuden keskihajontayksikkö oli samassa suuruusluokassa suoritettuna toimisto- tai RF-laboratorioympäristössä kuin nykyisten 4G OTA mittausten epätarkkuus suoritettuna OTA mittauskammiossa.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Leinonen, M. E., Destino, G., Kursu, O., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). 28 GHz Wireless Backhaul Transceiver Characterization and Radio Link Budget. ETRI Journal, 40(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2017-0231Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). Statistical Measurement System Analysis of Over-The-Air Measurements of Antenna Array at 28 GHz. 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.0395Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2018). Out-of-Band Interference in 5G mmW Multi-Antenna Transceivers: Co-Existence Scenarios. 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc.2018.8443252Rinnakkaistallennettu versioKursu, O., Leinonen, M. E., Destino, G., Tervo, N., Sonkki, M., Rahkonen, T., … Korvala, A. (2018). Design and measurement of a 5G mmW mobile backhaul transceiver at 28 GHz. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2018(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1211-5Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Sonkki, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2018, September). Quality Analysis of Antenna Reflection Coefficient in Massive MIMO Antenna Array Module. 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 1553-1556. https://doi.org/10.23919/eumc.2018.8541793Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen A. (2019). 5G mmW Receiver Interoperability with Wi-Fi and LTE transmissions. 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Tervo, N., Jokinen, M., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). 5G mm-Wave Link Range Estimation Based on Over-the-Air Measured System EVM Performance. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest, 8701128, 476-479. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2019.8701128Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Jokinen, M., Tervo, N., Kursu, O., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). System EVM Characterization and Coverage Area Estimation of 52G Directive mmW Links. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 67(12), 5282–5295. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2951773Rinnakkaistallennettu versioLeinonen, M. E., Sonkki, M., Tervo, N., & Pärssinen, A. (2020). Effect of Manufacturing Tolerances on the Antenna Array Performance. Manuscript submitted for publication.Academic dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu, for public defence in the Oulun Puhelin auditorium (L5), Linnanmaa, on 8 December 2020, at 12 noonAbstract
In this dissertation, the author has studied how a proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype for 5G millimeter wave (mmW) radio can be built and its performance can be analyzed against tolerances and anticipated product requirements without the guidance of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard requirements. It was shown in the thesis, that the development of a system-level PoC radio unit resembles closely the development process of the industrial product.
5G mmW radio needs to be tested using over-the- air (OTA) measurements based on the 3GPP standard. However, the 3GPP requirements were not available at the time of the PoC development. Here new measurement methods were developed by the author to test the developed PoC mmW radio.
Among OTA test techniques, error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement opens a new possibility to perform mmW measurements during communication signaling. Additionally, the use of mmW frequencies enables new OTA testing to be performed in an RF laboratory or office environments due to the small signal wavelength. As an example, the noise figure (NF) measurement for a mmW phased array receiver was demonstrated based on OTA EVM measurements in this thesis without expensive noise source equipment. Gain control both in the transmitter and the receiver were adapted to scale the required measurement range down in different OTA scenarios. This enables 5G mmW link range and cell coverage estimations with beam steering without cumbersome long-range outdoor measurements.
The higher 5G mmW frequencies challenge the current manufacturing methods for telecommunication products since the wavelength of the signal is shorter, and the absolute manufacturing tolerances are larger at higher frequencies. The shape of the probability density function of the radio parameters is needed for quality level estimation purposes, and it was proven in the thesis that the antenna input matching follows a log-normal distribution on the dB scale.
The product and measurement system calibration will not correct repeatability and reproducibility errors in the measurements. It was found that a standard deviation of the repeatably of the 5G mmW signal power level with OTA measurement in an RF laboratory or office environment is comparable with inaccuracies of modern OTA chambers for 4G OTA measurements.Tiivistelmä
Tässä opinnäytetyössä, kirjoittaja on tutkinut, kuinka voidaan rakentaa konseptitodistuslaite (PoC) 5G millimetriaaltoradiosta (mmWave-radiosta) ja analysoida sen suorituskykyä oletettavissa olevien tuote- ja toleranssivaatimusten suhteen ilman käytössä olevia 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) -standardivaatimuksia. Työssä havaittiin, että järjestelmätason PoC radioyksikön kehittäminen noudattaa hyvin teollista tuotekehitysprosessia.
5G mmWave-radioiden testaus tehdään 3GPP-standardeihin perustuen ilmarajapinnan yli (OTA), joita ei ollut saatavilla PoC radiokehityksen aikana, joten kirjoittaja kehitti uusia mittausmenetelmiä 5G mmWave PoC radion testaamiseen.
OTA mittausmenetelmien joukossa virhevektorin suuruus (EVM) mittaus avaa uusia mahdollisuuksia mmWave radioiden testaamiseen, sillä testausta voidaan tehdä kommunikointisignaalin avulla ilman erityistä laitteen testitilaa. Lisäksi, mmWave taajuuksien käyttö mahdollistaa uusia OTA-mittauksia, joita voidaan suorittaa RF laboratorio- tai toimistoympäristöissä lyhyiden aallonpituuksien takia. Esimerkkinä kohinalukumittaus mmWave vaiheistetulle ryhmävastaanottimelle on demonstroitu käyttäen OTA EVM mittausta ilman kallista kohinageneraattoria. Lähettimessä ja vastaanottimessa on käytetty vahvistuksen säätöä, jotta mittausetäisyyttä on voitu lyhentää eri käyttötilanteissa. Tämä mahdollistaa 5G mmWave taajuisen linkkiyhteyden mittaamisen ja solun kattaman alueen arvioinnin säteenohjauksen kanssa ilman vaivalloisia ulkona tehtäviä pitkän kantaman mittauksia.
Suuremmat 5G mmWave -taajuudet haastavat tietoliikennetuotteiden nykyiset valmistusmenetelmät, koska signaalin aallonpituus on lyhyempi ja absoluuttiset valmistustoleranssit ovat suurempia korkeammilla taajuuksilla. Radioparametrien todennäköisyysjakauman muotoja tarvitaan laatutason estimointia varten, ja työssä osoitettiin, että antennin sisääntulo impedanssisovitus noudattaa log-normaalijakaumaa dB-asteikolla.
Tuotteiden ja mittalaitteistojen kalibrointi ei poista mittausten uusittavuus- ja toistettavuusongelmaa. Työssä havaittiin, että 5G mmWave signaalitehon mittauksen toistettavuuden keskihajontayksikkö oli samassa suuruusluokassa suoritettuna toimisto- tai RF-laboratorioympäristössä kuin nykyisten 4G OTA mittausten epätarkkuus suoritettuna OTA mittauskammiossa
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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