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Membangun Pengelolaan Perikanan Laut Bebas Di Asia Tenggara Yang Berorientasi Pada Keberlanjutan
Full text linkLaut bebas merupakan rezim hukum laut yang bebas dimanfaatkan oleh negara
manapun, termasuk perikanannya. Namun nyatanya, yang mampu melakukan
penangkapan ikan di laut bebas hanyalah negara-negara yang maju secara teknologi
dan finansial. Besarnya potensi perikanan laut bebas berbanding lurus dengan
tingginya ancaman yang harus dihadapi, misalnya overfishing dan destructive fishing.
Krisis sumberdaya ikan pun tidak bisa dihindari di sebagian besar wilayah di dunia,
tidak terkecuali Asia Tenggara, juga harus merasakan dampak pengurangan stok
perikanan. Sektor perikanan begitu penting bagi perekonomian regional dan ketahanan
pangan di Asia Tenggara. ASEAN sebenarnya sudah mempunyai sebuah kebijakan
yang mendukung perikanan laut bebas yang berkelanjutan, yaitu ASEAN Tuna Ecolabelling
(ATEL). ATEL ini akan memastikan bahwa penangkapan ikan dilakukan
tanpa merusak ekosistem maupun lingkungan laut. Meskipun demikian, ASEAN
masih perlu membangun konsep pengelolaan perikanan laut bebas yang sesuai dengan
prinsip common heritage of all mankind. Konsep sharing benefit dapat diadopsi oleh
ASEAN untuk menjamin perikanan laut bebas dapat dinikmati oleh semua negara di
Asia Tenggara
MEMBANGUN PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN LAUT BEBAS DI ASIA TENGGARA YANG BERORIENTASI PADA KEBERLANJUTAN
Full text linkHigh seas is an ocean legal regime that is free access to every states, including the use of its fisheries. Yet, in fact, fishing on the high seas is dominated by in part of all countries, which are developed countries or at least states with advance technology and finance. The vast potential of high seas fisheries is in line with the high of threat that must be faced, for examples overfishing and destructive fishing. The majority regionals of the world are going through fisheries crisis as well as decreasing of fish stocks in Southeast Asia. Fisheries sector is so important within Southeast Asia, either in economic interest or food security. In fact, ASEAN already have policy that support the sustainability of fisheries on the high seas, namely ASEAN Tuna Eco-Labelling (ATEL). Through this policy will make sure fishing activity is done without making any destruction to the ecosystem and ocean environment. However, ASEAN still need to develop a concept of high seas fisheries management that in line with common heritage of all mankind principle. Sharing benefit concept can be adopted to guarantee that high seas fisheries can be enjoyed by all of states in Southeast Asia
Bisnis Dan Hak Asasi Manusia: Apa Yang Dilakukan Asean?
Full text linkMultinational corporations (MNCs) are business actors who have activities beyond a country's boundaries. This MNCs activities cannot be denied to have an influence on human social life, one of them is human rights. With those regards, regulations at international level have difficulties, because MNCs have not been recognized as the subject of international law. Furthermore, in the context of human rights, MNCs cannot be held accountable, because in this case only the country as the duty bearer of human rights. These conditions make no rules that can bind MNCs behavior to human rights. This article will focus on discussing how the international community takes action on business and human rights issues and the measures that ASEAN can take to engage in business and human rights issues in Southeast Asia. Although, there are some international rules that are born from various international cooperation, but the nature of the rule is the majority of soft law. These business and human rights issues became the international community's attention for a long time until finally the United Nations (UN) Representative made UN Guiding Principles, which also known as Ruggie's Principles. Southeast Asia through AICHR can take several actions to advance the protection of human rights related to business activities as contained in UNGPs and Ruggie's principles, such as AICHR can undertake study literature, encourage Member States to take effective action, engage in dialogue and consultation with organs of ASEAN, community organizations, and other stakeholders, and create a binding legal instrument concerning business and human rights.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) merupakan pelaku bisnis yang memiliki aktivitas melewati batas suatu negara. Kegiatan MNCs ini tidak bisa dipungkiri memiliki pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial manusia, salah satunya hak asasi manusia (HAM). Pengaturan di tingkat internasional mengalami kesulitan, karena MNCs belum diakui sebagai subjek hukum internasional. Kemudian dalam konteks HAM, MNCs tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban, karena dalam hal ini hanya negaralah sebagai pemegang kewajiban (duty bearer) HAM. Kondisi tersebut membuat tidak ada aturan yang mengikat perilaku MNc terhadap HAM. Artikel ini akan fokus mendiskusikan bagaimana masyarakat internasional mengambil tindakan terhadap permasalahan bisnis dan HAM serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh ASEAN untuk ikut membicarakan bisnis dan HAM di Asia Tenggara. Meskipun, ada beberapa aturan internasional yang lahir dari berbagai kerjasama internasional, tetapi sifat dari aturan tersebut mayoritas soft law. Persoalan bisnis dan HAM ini menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional dalam jangka waktu yang lama hingga pada akhirnya Perwakilan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) membuat UN Guiding Principles yang juga dikenal sebagai Ruggies Principles. Asia Tenggara melalui AICHR dapat melakukan beberapa langkah untuk memajukan perlindungan HAM yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas bisnis seperti yang tertuang di dalam UNGPs dan Ruggies principles, seperti AICHR dapat melakukan study literature, mendorong negara-negara anggota untuk mengambil tindakan yang efektif, melaksanakan dialog dan konsultasi dengan organ-organ ASEAN, organisasi kemasyarakatan, dan stakeholder yang lain, serta membuat instrument hukum yang mengikat tentang bisnis dan HAM
Legal Instruments On Marine Plastic Litter In The EU And ASEAN
Full text linkMarine plastic litter represents a transboundary and oceanic health concern that has emerged as a collective responsibility of all countries. Consequently, all countries, including regional member states, must collaborate to assume an active role in developing solutions to this challenge. Regional agreements play a pivotal role in facilitating the implementation of policies and initiatives. However, there is currently no comprehensive global treaty in place to address the issue of marine litter and plastic pollution. With regard to the European Union, the European Commission has adopted a legislative framework with the objective of reducing the pollution of the marine environment caused by plastic. Furthermore, ASEAN Member States have expressed concern regarding marine plastic pollution and have continued to enhance their comprehension of the pertinent issues. Nevertheless, the current legal instruments employed to combat plastic waste in the Southeast Asia region are not legally binding. This paper therefore focuses on exploring the ASEAN approach to marine plastic debris based on ASEAN legislative and policy documents. Regional policies tend to adopt a holistic approach to the problem, focusing on the causal stages of the plastic waste emergency. However, binding regional policies in the EU are more targeted. This paper compares the strategies adopted by ASEAN and the policies adopted by the EU to address marine plastic debris. Therefore, every chairman of ASEAN must be a consistent advocate for the resolution of the marine plastic debris problem in Southeast Asia
Implementation of Countermeasures Effort of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia (Case Study on Sinking the FV Viking Vessel)
Full text linkGeographically almost 70% of Indonesian territory consists of waters that potentially storing an amazing wealth of the sea, and the biggest is on fisheries sector. Illegal fishing that was done by foreign vessels in Indonesian territorial waters was estimated giving loss to Indonesia around 1 million ton/year (Rp 30 trillion/year). Indonesian government has decided to take policy in doing sinking illegal fishing vessels for the actors of illegal fishing in Indonesia. How is the relevance of international law with the law on sinking foreign vessels in Indonesia and the implementation on the regulation of sinking FV Viking Vessel. The research on this paper is normative legal research, and research method library research also documenter not only to the primary sources but also to secondary sources that related with the problem on this research. After the identification and classification process, the problem will be normatively analyzed using the data. Illegal fishing is not only affecting the economy aspect but also affecting the other aspects, such as state sovereignty, social, as well as environmental of the sea. The law of sinking illegal fishing vessels is not contradicting and still considered relevant with International law, either UNCLOS 1982, IPOA-IUU Fishing or CCRF. An FV Viking vessel was caught by TNI AL working with Norwegian Interpol at Indonesian ZEE. FV Viking vessel was entering to Indonesian territory without doing the obligation to reporting their identity and the navigation data. Moreover, this vessel does not have the License on Fishing. The sinking vessel is better not using the bombing method but using the method of burning the vessels with oil fuels thus it will be more cost saving. Sinking illegal fishing vessels is supposed to be done after there is a judgment from the court
Measuring Indonesia’s Commitment To Reducing Plastic Waste In The Sea Through A Legal Approach
Full text linkIndonesia is the second-largest producer of plastic pollution in the world
after China. Based on the data in 2018, there were about 1.29 million tonnes
plastic waste end up in the ocean per annum. With that regard, Indonesia needs to
be responsible for the negligence in doing the international obligation to prevent,
reduce, and manage the pollution that affect marine environment. The purpose of
this research is to observe Indonesia’s commitment in reducing plastic pollution
on marine environment by doing some legal approach. Therefore, this research
conducted by normative juridical and using descriptive analysis. Data analysis that
obtained is done through literature study. The conclusion of this research is that
the commitment of Indonesian Government on preventing plastic waste in marine
environment relatively needs to be improved. There are some of regulations which
already targeted that has not established yet by Indonesian Government
Peranan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) dalam menangani kasus kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan (Crime against humanity) menurut hukum internasional
No full textBibl. 138-141Ada CD.141 hlm. :il. ;28 cm. -- Lamp ( - lembar
Equal Access to the Vaccination of Covid-19 in Southeast Asia: Can ASEAN be a Catalyst?
Full text linkSince the time Covid-19 was discovered in Southeast Asia, around 2.5 million people have been infected and more than 54 thousand have died by early March 2021. Even though ASEAN members have followed most of the WHO recommendations to deal with Covid-19, cases are still liable to increase. Therefore, vaccine utilization is the best chance which people believe in to fight the pandemic for now. However, the vaccine’s availability and distribution are a dilemma for the ASEAN member countries. Therefore, this article aims to determine the possibility of ASEAN’s role in creating equal access to the Covid-19 vaccine for everyone. According to the juridical normative research, ASEAN is committed to protect and promote human rights and to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). On that basis, the organization tends to play an important role in Covid-19 vaccination in Southeast Asia by cooperating with its partners to research and create the required vaccine
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