1,721,278 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Caregiver Distress - Its Burden, Trajectories, Contributors, and Impact on Care-Recipients Over Time
No full textBackground: Canada relies heavily on family and friend caregivers to care for its increasing older population. However, many caregivers experience distress, which can jeopardize their ability to continue care provision and the health of their care-recipients.
Objectives: This thesis research has three objectives: 1) Provide an overview of the burden and trajectories of caregiver distress in Ontario, and to compare differences in the experience of distress between caregivers of men and women; 2) Determine the association between caregiver distress and care-recipients' location of death; 3) Develop and test a comprehensive model of the relationships between caregiving factors, caregiver and care-recipient profiles, and caregiver distress.
Methods: The main data source for objectives 1 and 2 is the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care, linked to multiple health administrative datasets at ICES. For objective 1, older (50+) community-dwelling adults in Ontario and their caregivers were examined. Descriptive analyses were performed to identify baseline and one-year change in caregivers' distress status, stratified by year of baseline assessment and care-recipients' level of care needs. Logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between care-recipients’ gender on caregiver distress. For objective 2, a retrospective cohort study of adult decedents in Ontario was conducted. Their caregivers' distress status within one-year of death was described, and logistic regression was performed to determine the association between caregiver distress and the odds of dying in non-palliative acute care.
The data source for objective 3 is the General Social Survey-Caregiving & Care-receiving (cycle 26) conducted by Statistics Canada. The study population included respondents who have provided unpaid care within one year of survey. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were performed to test a theoretical model of caregiver distress and its contributing factors and covariates.
Results: From 2008 to 2015, there was a steady increase in prevalent, incident, and sustained caregiver distress. The increase was especially prominent among caregivers of individuals with lower care needs. Caregivers of older men were more likely to be distressed than caregivers of older women, largely because older men have greater health and functional impairments and required more care. Individuals cared for by distressed (vs. non-distressed) caregivers spent more time in non-palliative acute care in their last month of life and were more likely to die in non-palliative acute care. Receipt of home care and palliative home care greatly reduced the odds of dying in non-palliative acute care. Exploratory factor analysis established a well-fit model that represented caregiver distress and its five contributing factors: caregiving burden, disruptions of family and social life, caregiving history, caregiving network and support, and positive emotional experiences. Subsequent structural equation modelling found that disruptions of family and social life and positive emotional experiences had the largest associations with caregiver distress.
Implications: Supporting older Canadians and their caregivers is a policy priority. This thesis research highlighted a rising trend of caregiver distress, identified risk and protective factors of distress, and determined the effect of caregiver distress on care-recipients' place of death. These findings can inform policy decisions and facilitate health systems planning. The risk factors found in this research can also be integrated into clinical assessments to identify caregivers at high risk of distress to provide them with timely and appropriate support. Enabling caregivers to provide quality care without being distressed is crucial for reducing cost incurred by the negative impacts of caregiving, ultimately reducing the overall healthcare cost of the aging population
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Last Call: Physicians Who Deliver House Calls at the End of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Primary Care Physicians and Their Home Care Practices in Ontario, Canada
No full textIntroduction: Home visits have become increasingly uncommon although evidence suggests they improve healthcare quality and reduce overall expenditures. This thesis identifies the number and proportion of physician delivering home visits at patient’s end of life and describes characteristics of primary care physicians delivering end-of-life home visits and explores associations with delivery.
Method: A retrospective cohort design using population-level health administrative data housed at ICES.
Results: A total of 9,884 physicians were identified, of which 2,568 (25.7%) delivered at least one end-of-life home visit. Variables associated with increased odds of home visit delivery were older age, international training, capitation models of remuneration, and population size.
Conclusions: This research demonstrates primary care physician’s characteristics and home visit practice patterns. This study aims to improve end-of-life primary care at a system and provider level by identifying factors associated with increased service provision. Increasing physician home services could greatly improve the dying experience of Canadians
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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