1,721,112 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Role of Transformational Leadership on Team Performance
No full textOrganizational culture can be a distinct reflection of leadership. As organizations work to build a culture of success and achievement, it is the responsibility of leaders to carry out this vision by using both tactical and strategic thinking. Within this context of organizations, and specifically organizations consisting of teams, the performance of the organization implies understanding the output of team performances. Whether it is individual self-promotion that presents itself to the team environment or simply motivating group cohesiveness to produce results, transformational leaders have had a tremendous impact on team performance.
This study explored transformational leadership and its effects on team performance. Although there have been a number of studies focusing on transformational leadership, more attention can be raised specifically outlining the impact on team performance. This dissertation incorporated a systematic review focusing on the interconnectivity of transformational leadership and team performance. There were a number of variables that were highlighted in regards to team management but more specifically, there were substantial variables linking transformational leadership to team performance. The extent of this study will be to explore this possible relationship between transformational leadership and the types of impact it has had on overall team performance.Running head: ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE
The Role of Transformational Leadership on Team Performance
Thomas Tanner
University of Maryland University College
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the
University of Maryland University College, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Management
2014
Dissertation Advisory Committee
Eric Dent, Ph.D.
G. David Andersen, Ed.D
Deborah Wharff, DM
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 2
Abstract
Organizational culture can be a distinct reflection of leadership. As organizations work to build a culture of success and achievement, it is the responsibility of leaders to carry out this vision by using both tactical and strategic thinking. Within this context of organizations, and specifically organizations consisting of teams, the performance of the organization implies understanding the output of team performances. Whether it is individual self-promotion that presents itself to the team environment or simply motivating group cohesiveness to produce results, transformational leaders have had a tremendous impact on team performance.
This study explored transformational leadership and its effects on team performance. Although there have been a number of studies focusing on transformational leadership, more attention can be raised specifically outlining the impact on team performance. This dissertation incorporated a systematic review focusing on the interconnectivity of transformational leadership and team performance. There were a number of variables that were highlighted in regards to team management but more specifically, there were substantial variables linking transformational leadership to team performance. The extent of this study will be to explore this possible relationship between transformational leadership and the types of impact it has had on overall team performance.
Keywords: Leadership, Followers, Performance, Teams, Transformational Leadership
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 3
Dedication
This dissertation is dedicated to my lovely wife, Yvonne, and my beautiful children, Kimella and Donovan, who have all embarked on this tremendous journey with me. It is without a doubt that I could not have done this without the love, encouragement and continued support of my wife who selflessly sacrificed her time so that I could complete this dissertation. I would also like to thank my children who gave up precious evenings and weekends to allow me the time to work on my research. I love each of you from the bottom of my heart and sincerely thank you for all the sacrifices you have made throughout this journey.
I would like to thank my mother and father for instilling in me the value of hard work and my brothers for pushing me to never settle for less. My family has always encouraged me to never lose faith and to always be strong and full of courage.
I would like to acknowledge the support of my Dissertation Committee. More specifically, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Eric Dent for his instruction, guidance, and assistance in the completion of this dissertation. I would also like to thank my cohort for their support and camaraderie throughout the program.
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 4
Table of Contents
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................2
Dedication .......................................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................4
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................7
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of Relevant Literature ........................................................9
Background..............................................................................................................................9
Transformational Leadership and Performance ...............................................................9
Team Performance and Performance Measures .............................................................11
Purpose of Study .....................................................................................................................13
Research Questions.................................................................................................................13
Importance and Benefits to Management ...............................................................................14
Attributes of Transformational Leadership ............................................................................15
Working Definitions ...............................................................................................................19
Leadership .....................................................................................................................19
Transformational Leadership .......................................................................................19
Teams ............................................................................................................................21
Team Performance ........................................................................................................21
Team Performance Measures ........................................................................................21
Organization of Dissertation...................................................................................................22
Chapter 2: Methodology ................................................................................................................23
Introduction ............................................................................................................................23 ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 5
Evidence-Based Movement ....................................................................................................24
Systematic Reviews ................................................................................................................27
Identification of Evidence ......................................................................................................29
Quality Appraisal of Evidence ...............................................................................................31
Data Analysis: Multiple Methods and Thematic Synthesis ...................................................32
Advisory Panel of Subject Matter Experts .............................................................................35
Introduction of Subject Matter Experts .........................................................................36
Feedback from Expert Panel Members .........................................................................36
Reaction to Subject Matter Expert Feedback ...............................................................37
Summary of Chapter...............................................................................................................39
Chapter 3: Systematic Literature Review ......................................................................................40
Introduction ............................................................................................................................40
Leadership Styles and Characteristics ....................................................................................40
Contrasting Styles of Leadership ...................................................................................41
Significance of Transformational Leadership ................................................................42
Components of Transformational Leadership ................................................................44
Team Performance and Characteristics ..................................................................................46
Transformational Leadership and Overall Team Performance ..............................................47
Summary of Chapter...............................................................................................................64
Chapter 4: Analysis and Discussion ..............................................................................................66
Introduction ............................................................................................................................66
Restatement of Purpose ..........................................................................................................67
Exploration of Research Questions and Findings ..................................................................67 ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 6
Research Question #1 ....................................................................................................68
Research Question #2 ....................................................................................................72
Research Question #3 ....................................................................................................74
Alternative Perspectives .........................................................................................................77
Summary of Chapter...............................................................................................................78
Chapter 5: Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................79
Introduction ............................................................................................................................79
The Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................................79
Transformational Leadership and The Conceptual Framework .............................................81
The Process from Transformational Leadership to Team Performance .................................83
Summary of Chapter...............................................................................................................87
Chapter 6: Conclusions, Implications, and Trends ........................................................................88
Introduction ............................................................................................................................88
Overall Conclusions ...............................................................................................................88
Implications for Management/Practitioners ...........................................................................90
Implications for Emerging Trends..........................................................................................92
Limitations and Areas for Future Research ............................................................................97
Summary of Chapter...............................................................................................................98
References ...................................................................................................................................100
Appendix A: Sample of Literature Classification .......................................................................112
Appendix B: Subject Matter Expert Evaluation – Dr. Fred Walumbwa .....................................114
Appendix C: Subject Matter Expert Evaluation – Dr. Ronald Piccolo ........................................117
Appendix D: Subject Matter Expert Evaluation – Dr. Justin Jansen ...........................................122 ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 7
List of Tables
Table 1: Keyword Search Table Under Various Thematic Headings .....................................30
Table 2: Summary of Subject Matter Experts Feedback ........................................................38
Table 3: Variables and Descriptions for the Conceptual Framework .....................................80
Table 4: Principal Outcomes of Transformational Leadership on Followers .........................85
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 8
List of Figures
Figure 1: The Four Elements of Evidence-Based Management ...............................................25
Figure 2: Dynamic Relationship Between Evidence Review and Synthesis and Evidence-Based Decision Making ............................................................................................27
Figure 3: The Standard Stages in a Systematic Review ...........................................................29
Figure 4: Mixed Methods Design matrix with Mixed Method Research Designs Shown in Four Cells ..................................................................................................................34
Figure 5: The Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................80
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 9
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview of Relevant Literature
Background
Organizations are consistently faced with difficult challenges in their pursuit for excellence. Many variables come into play and many factors need to be taken into consideration. Organizations, however, are all measured by leadership. Bass and Avolio (1993) emphasized that an organization’s culture develops in large part from its leadership. As organizations build vision, it is the responsibility of leaders to carry out that vision by using both tactical and strategic thinking. Moynihan, Pandey, and Wright (2012) analyzed data surrounding different variables of performance and validated that leadership clearly matters.
Transformational Leadership and Performance
Given the long list of management and leadership theories that exists, there is an equally long list of ways that leadership might impact performance. Pauline (2012) reiterated that “variations in leadership styles are due to cultural influence because people have different beliefs and assumptions about characteristics that are deemed effective for leadership” (p. 99). Li and Hung (2009) confirmed “transformational leadership theory has emerged as one of the most popular approaches to understanding leader effectiveness in the past two decades” (p. 1129). Similarly, Judge and Bono (2000) discovered in their numerous studies in leadership that, “considerable progress has been made in the last 20 years in addressing leader effectiveness according to one theoretical perspective, transformational leadership theory” (p. 751). As substantial studies continue to be performed, the central theme remains steadfast that transformational leadership tends to have some form of impact on team performance.
Whether it is individual self-promotion that presents itself to the team environment or simply motivating group cohesiveness to produce results, transformational leaders do have an ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 10
impact. In line with previous studies, Bass, Avolio, Jung, and Berson (2003) demonstrated that “the ratings of transformational leadership were positively correlated with supervisory evaluations of managerial performance, recommendations for promotion, research and development project team innovations, and percentage of financial goals achieved in strategic business units” (p. 207). Several other notable scholars such as Keller (1992) discovered in his empirical study on transformational leadership that “transformational leaders tend to inspire a sense of mission and purpose about the importance of the work being done, stimulate new ways of thinking and problem solving, and encourage group members to do more than what might normally be expected” (p. 498).
The findings of this study are consistent with what other researchers have found. Shamir (1991) found a central attribute of transformational leaders is “their ability to persuade followers to transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the team, the organization, or some other collective” (p. 407). Scholars such as Hartog, Muijen, and Koopman (1997) also suggested “transformational leaders were shown to have subordinates who reported greater satisfaction and more often exerted extra effort, and had higher performing work groups and receive higher ratings of effectiveness and performances” (p.26). Remarkably, in spite of several decades of empirical research in the areas of transformational leadership and performance, researchers continue to provide added insight to the discussion. For instance, Walumbwa, Lawler, Avolio, Wang, and Shi (2005) postulated that “transformational leaders can show how individual strengths can be collectively applied to achieve higher levels of performance” (p. 6).
ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 11
Team Performance and Performance Measurements
Decades of research and multitudes of studies on performance and performance measures predominately focused on individuals rather than teams. Kearney and Gebert (2009) documented in their recent studies that “current organizational trends call for shifting the focus from the leadership of individuals to the leadership of teams” (p. 79). As Hoch, Pearce, and Welzel (2010) also found, that as organizations need to deal with the constantly changing environments, globalization, and complex work tasks, many organizations are reorganizing work using team-based structures. However, Salas et al. (2008) stipulated that teams had to be distinguished from work groups and this distinction was normally made by their “tasks, feedback, goal interdependencies, formal structure, and coordination demands” (p. 906). In other words, work groups tended to be more loosely conjoined and their task functions less structurally defined.
In the context of organizations, specifically organizations consisting of a team of workers, understanding the performance of the organization implies understanding the output of team performances. Notable scholars on team performance, Gardner, Gino, and Staats (2012) have found in their empirical studies that “organizational output is created through the execution of project teams. These teams typically operate in dynamic contexts in which, to perform well, they must access and use each member's unique portfolio of resources” (p. 999). Dierdoff, Bell, and Belohlav (2011) stated that “teams that effectively develop performance capabilities appropriate to different phases of job functions should more effectively navigate the compilation process and display better team performance at measurements consistent with these phases” (p.252). ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON TEAM PERFORMANCE 12
To help identify some elements that have rooted themselves in this concept of team performance, Salas, Cooke, and Rosen (2008) determined that a framework of patterns generally followed “an input, throughput, and output format in which inputs might include individual and team characteristics, capabilities, and states; throughputs include team communication, coordination, collaboration, and decision-making processes; and outputs consist of the goods or services produced by a team” (p. 906). Further empirical research by Salas, Cooke, and Rosen (2008) that spanned many years also indicated that “teamwork is nested within team performance and is a set of interrelated cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors contributing to the dynamic processes of team performance” (p. 913).
A major “key determinant of team performance has been identified as effective leadership” (Boies, Lvina, & Martens, 2010, p. 195). Further extensive research in the areas of “Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory posits that effective leaders form dyadic relationships with followers and that differentiation positively affects team performance” (Naidoo, Scherbaum, Goldstein, & Graen, 2011, p. 347). More specifically, leadership in the form of transformational leaders had “stronger and especially more
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
