158 research outputs found
La citation comme source de renseignements métalangagiers dans l’article scientifique
No full textLa citation remplit de nombreuses fonctions dans l’article scientifique. Outre sa fonction première, qui consiste à indiquer qu’une réflexion a été empruntée à un autre auteur, elle réalise au moins deux autres objectifs. Elle signale, d’une part, que l’article qui la contient entretient des rapports dialogiques avec un ensemble de textes antérieurs. De l’autre, elle cherche, en établissant des liens avec des travaux antérieurs, à augmenter la force de persuasion de l’article dans lequel elle s’insère. La citation peut, par ailleurs, avoir un autre objectif, qui est, cependant, beaucoup moins étudié. En effet, elle peut viser à rehausser l’efficacité et la précision du langage utilisé pour exprimer le contenu de l’article. La citation retrace et analyse, dans ce cas, des emplois antérieurs d’un terme souvent afin d’en préciser le sens. Ce type de citation, que nous nommons marqueur sémantique (Collet 2016, 2018), se repère, entre autres, dans les articles en sciences humaines et sociales. Notre but est de présenter les types de renseignements métalangagiers ou sémantiques qu’une telle citation est susceptible de contenir. Nous nous servirons à cette fin de données tirées d’un corpus couvrant plusieurs disciplines en sciences humaines et sociales, notamment la linguistique, la psychologie, la sociologie et l’histoire. Nous démontrerons également par une analyse quantitative que le recours aux marqueurs sémantiques est bien établi au sein des domaines susmentionnés.Citations perform many functions in scientific articles. In addition to their primary function, which is to recognize that a passage has been borrowed from another author, citations perform at least two other functions. On the one hand, they signal that the article in which they appear is in a dialogical relationship with past texts. On the other, they aim to increase the persuasive force of the article to which they have been added, by linking it to the works of others. Citations can, moreover, perform another function, which is, however, much less studied. They can be employed to augment the efficiency and the accuracy of the language used to express the article’s content. When used with this purpose, citations trace and analyze earlier usages of a term often with the aim to carefully delineate its meaning. These citations, which we have called semantic markers (Collet 2016, 2018), can be found, for instance, in scientific articles focusing on the humanities and the social sciences. Our aim is to present a classification of the various types of semantic information that semantic markers can convey. We will base the classification on data extracted from a corpus of scientific articles published in four disciplines in the humanities and social sciences: linguistics, psychology, sociology, and history. We will, furthermore, provide statistical data to show that the use of semantic markers is well established in the above-mentioned disciplines.Las citas en los artículos científicos cumplen con numerosas funciones. Además de su función primera, es decir indicar que se tomó prestada una reflexión de otro autor, la cita cumple con por lo menos dos funciones más. Por una parte, señala que el artículo en el que se encuentra mantiene relaciones dialógicas con un conjunto de trabajos anteriores. Por la otra, al establecer vínculos con trabajos anteriores, busca aumentar la fuerza de persuasión del artículo en el que se inserta. Además, puede tener otro objetivo mucho menos estudiado: el de apuntar a realzar la eficacia y la precisión del lenguaje utilizado para expresar el contenido del artículo. La cita reseña y analiza, en este caso, usos anteriores de un término con el fin, a menudo, de precisar su sentido. Este tipo de cita, la llamaremos indicador semántico (Collet 2016, 2018), se encuentra, entre otros, en los artículos de ciencias humanas y sociales. Nuestro objetivo es presentar los tipos de información metalingüística o semántica que este tipo de cita puede contener. Para ello utilizaremos datos extraídos de un corpus que cubre varias disciplinas de las ciencias humanas y sociales, en particular la lingüística, la sicología, la sociología y la historia. También mostraremos mediante un análisis cuantitativo que el uso de indicadores semánticos se encuentra bien establecido dentro de los campos mencionados
Synchronization and Spin-Flop Transitions for a Mean-Field XY Model in Random Field
No full textWe characterize the phase space for the infinite volume limit of a ferromagnetic mean-field XY model in a random field pointing in one direction with two symmetric values. We determine the stationary solutions and detect possible phase transitions in the interaction strength for fixed random field intensity. We show that at low temperature magnetic ordering appears perpendicularly to the field. The latter situation corresponds to a spin-flop transition
Path-space moderate deviations for a class of Curie–Weiss models with dissipation
No full textWe modify the spin-flip dynamics of the Curie–Weiss model with dissipation in Dai Pra, Fischer and Regoli (2013) by considering arbitrary transition rates and we analyze the phase-portrait as well as the dynamics of moderate fluctuations for macroscopic observables. We obtain path-space moderate deviation principles via a general analytic approach based on the convergence of non-linear generators and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for associated Hamilton–Jacobi equations. The moderate asymptotics depend crucially on the phase we are considering and, moreover, their behavior may be influenced by the choice of the rates
Dynamical moderate deviations for the Curie-Weiss model
No full textWe derive moderate deviation principles for the trajectory of the empirical magnetization of the standard Curie–Weiss model via a general analytic approach based on convergence of generators and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for associated Hamilton–Jacobi equations. The moderate asymptotics depend crucially on the phase under consideration.Applied Probabilit
Path-space moderate deviation principles for the random field curie-weiss model
No full textWe analyze the dynamics of moderate fluctuations for macroscopic observables of the random field Curie-Weiss model (i.e., standard Curie-Weiss model embedded in a site-dependent, i.i.d. random environment). We obtain path-space moderate deviation principles via a general analytic approach based on convergence of nonlinear generators and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for associated Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The moderate asymptotics depend crucially on the phase we consider and moreover, the space-time scale range for which fluctuations can be proven is restricted by the addition of the disorder.</p
Path-space moderate deviations for a Curie-Weiss model of self-organized criticality
No full textThe dynamical Curie-Weiss model of self-organized criticality (SOC) was introduced in (Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 53 (2017) 658-678) and it is derived from the classical generalized Curie-Weiss by imposing a microscopic Markovian evolution having the distribution of the Curie-Weiss model of SOC (Ann. Probab. 44 (2016) 444-478) as unique invariant measure. In the case of Gaussian single-spin distribution, we analyze the dynamics of moderate fluctuations for the magnetization. We obtain a path-space moderate deviation principle via a general analytic approach based on convergence of non-linear generators and uniqueness of viscosity solutions for associated Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Our result shows that, under a peculiar moderate space-time scaling and without tuning external parameters, the typical behavior of the magnetization is critical
Esquisse d’une nouvelle microstructure de dictionnaire spécialisé reflétant la variation en discours du terme syntagmatique
No full textCet article s’attache à présenter une nouvelle microstructure qui se distancie du primat traditionnellement accordé à la dimension notionnelle du terme. De nature sémasiologique, cette microstructure s’intéresse, en effet, davantage à la représentation des caractéristiques lexico-syntaxiques des rapports du terme, spécialement du terme syntagmatique, au texte, tout en fournissant les renseignements notionnels qui s’imposent. L’article se penchera d’abord sur la mise en discours du terme et montrera comment celui-ci participe, par le biais de variantes formelles engendrées en discours par des opérations syntaxiques, à l’organisation de la cohésion du texte de spécialité. Il proposera ensuite une microstructure qui cherche à informer sur cet aspect du comportement discursif du terme, spécialement du terme syntagmatique.The purpose of this article is to present a new microstructure which attempts to break away from the traditional predominance of the conceptual dimension of the headword in specialized dictionary entries. Proceeding semasiologically, the microstructure provides not only the conceptual information dictionary users are typically interested in, but also detailed information about the lexico-syntactic characteristics of the relationships holding between terms, particularly compound terms, and the specialized texts that contain them. The article focuses first on the behavioural patterns of terms in discourse and particularly on how terms, and their variants generated by syntactic operations in discourse, augment the overall cohesion of a specialized text. It then introduces the reader to the new microstructure which incorporates information about this particular behavioural pattern
La manière de signifier du terme en discours
No full textDans le présent article, nous nous intéressons à la manière de signifier du terme. Pour examiner cette problématique, nous nous plaçons dans une perspective textuelle et étudions comment le terme participe au processus d’interprétation textuelle. Dans le contexte de cet examen, nous nous basons sur plusieurs modèles théoriques, formulés en terminologie mais aussi en sémantique lexicale, afin d’élaborer une théorie dynamique de la signification du terme en discours. Ainsi, nous avançons, à la suite de notre examen, que le terme possède en discours un sens qui n’est point fixe mais soumis à au moins deux types de variations, l’une idiolectale et l’autre contextuelle. Nous concluons en posant, en outre, qu’il est fort difficile de déterminer la nature essentiellement linguistique (sens) ou plutôt conceptuelle (concept) du contenu dont s’investit le terme en discours.In this article, I study how terms convey meaning in discourse. To do this, I examine the roles terms play in the attribution of meaning to a text, in particular a specialised text. Within this particular framework, I use several theoretical models, constructed within terminology but also within lexical semantics, to elaborate a dynamic theory of specialised meaning in discourse. Central to this theory is the idea that terms do not possess a fixed meaning in discourse but rather a meaning which varies in at least two ways, between speakers, i.e., idiolectally, on the one hand and between contexts, thus contextually, on the other. I conclude by suggesting that it is difficult, within the framework of the interpretation of terms in text, to settle the debate amongst terminologists on the relation between linguistic meaning and concept
MINOAN, CANAANITE, PHOENICIAN MARITIME CULTURESON THE SHORES OF THE WEST NILE DELTA:A BREAKING ARCHAEOLOGICAL STATEMENT
No full textIn this new maritime study, the author, Serge R. Collet, following those led on the Phoenician sea oriented culture in the nineties and the much more archaeological recent one on the Minoan presence nearby the Cape skylaion in South Tyrrhenian sea, reports his findings from the coastal margin of the West Nile delta: Alexandria shores and southern Maryut Lake.In spite of a heavy and disturbed social context in 2011-2012, he surveyed still accessible stretches of the shores and lake banks, bringing to light amazing ceramics evidence for imported Minoan, Canaanite, Phoenician and Sea People vessel. This ceramics is related to three type of maritime installations: a true marine cult place, a quay and a harbour basin holed in the Kurkar ridge on the south bank of Maryut Lake.To understand fully the reason why of the existence of such maritime structures it is necessary to deepen the notion of «sea orientation» by including the coastal environmental determinations as well as those bound to an imaginary of the sea, to a positive valuation of the sea as entity. The sea and marine environment remain essentially extraneous to the Nile culture.These new findings and breaking considerations lead the author to a re-evaluation of the completely forgotten discovery of impressive submersed harbour installations at the west of the Homeric Pharos Island by the French maritime engineer Gaston Jondet and their accurate re- examination by Sir A. Evans, who argues for a Minoan origin. They inaugurated in some way the maritime archaeological researches so well developed since the eighties by Avner Raban at the Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime studies, he founded at the University of Haifa. Avner Raban is deceased in February 2004. This contribution is devoted to his memory
Nielsen, Sandro et Sven Tarp, dir. (2009) : Lexicography in the 21st Century. In honour of Henning Bergenholtz. Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamins, xi-341 p.
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