177,261 research outputs found
Araneus matsumotoi Suzuki & Tanikawa 2021, new species
No full textAraneus matsumotoi new species Figs. 2–15 Type series. Holotype: male (NSMT-Ar 20952), Takahata-cho, Nara-shi, Nara Pref., collected as a juvenile on 29-V-2019 and matured on 25-IX-2019 under rearing, R. Matsumoto leg. Paratypes: 1 female (NSMT-Ar 20953), Lake Tazawa, Senboku-shi, Akita Pref., 18-VIII-1990, S. Tazoe leg.; 2 females and 3 males, same locality as the holotype [1 male (NSMT-Ar 20954), collected as a subadult on 2-V-2020 and matured on 25-V-2020 under rearing; 1 female (NSMT-Ar 20955), collected as a juvenile on 20-VI-2020 and matured on 24-VI-2020 under rearing, scape of epigynum incompletely formed; 2 males (NSMT-Ar 20956-20957), collected as juveniles on 29-V-2019 and matured on 3-VI-2020 and 17- VI-2020 under rearing; 1 female (NSMT-Ar 20958), 15-VII-2020], R. Matsumoto leg.; 1 female (NSMT-Ar 20959), Amedaki, Tottori-shi, Tottori Pref., collected as a juvenile on 14-VII-2019, and matured on 17-VI-2020 under rearing, Y. Obae leg.; 1 male (NSMT-Ar 20960; COI haplotype: AMT01), Kitazato, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Nagasaki Pref., collected as a juvenile on 25-VIII-2018 and matured on 31-I-2019 under rearing, K. Terada leg. Additional specimens examined. 1 female, Sagayama, Ôtoyo-cho, Nagaoka-gun, Kochi Pref., collected as a juvenile on 3-V-2021 and matured on 23-V-2021 under rearing, R. Serita leg. 1 male (both palps were incompletely formed), Ogawa, Sekimoto-cho, Kita-ibaraki-shi, Ibaraki Pref., collected as juvenile on 19-VII-2020 and matured on 4-V-2021 under rearing, K. Nishiura leg. 1 male, Amedaki, Tottori-shi, Tottori Pref., collected as a juvenile on 4-XI-2020, and matured on 16-IV-2021 under rearing, Y. Suzuki leg. Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Rikio Matsumoto, who provided us with many invaluable specimens of the new species. Diagnosis. The new species resembles A. seminiger (L. Koch 1878) in appearance (also see Ono 2002 & Tanikawa 2001), but can clearly be distinguished by the combination of the following body color and marking characters: the carapace of the new species is uniformly covered with gray hairs when living, whereas it is reddish brown in A. seminiger; legs and abdomen of the fresh specimens are dark green, similar to green moss (Bryophyta), whereas those of A. seminiger are whitish green, resembling Parmotrema lichen (Parmeliaceae); a light green chevron marking edged with black is present between the shoulder humps, whereas it is absent in A. seminiger (Figs. 2, 3). The new species can also be differentiated from A. seminiger based on the following characters: a wide unsclerotized area on the tip of subterminal apophysis (unsclerotized area is very narrow in A. seminiger); a thin sclerotized appendix on the posterior side of subterminal apophysis (Figs. 4, 5; 11, 12, arrows; the appendix is absent in A. seminiger); a longer slender epigynal scape, with outwardly directed copulatory openings (Figs. 6–8, 13, 14; epigynal scape of A. seminiger is shorter and wider than that of the new species, and copulatory openings of A. seminiger is directed ventrally). In terms of general appearance (i.e., body coloration and markings), the new species can be distinguished from the morphologically related species A. ventricosus (L. Koch 1878), A. macacus (Uyemura 1961), A. uyemurai Yaginuma 1960, and A. reizan Tanikawa 2020. Although the epigynum of the new species is similar to that of A. reizan, it differs with respect to a deeper invagination on the posterior side of median plate (Figs. 8, 13, 14; A. reizan has a very shallow invagination). Description. Based on the holotype male (NSMT-Ar 20952) and paratype 1 female (NSMT-Ar 20958) from Nara Pref. Measurements and morphology (Figs. 2–15). ♂ / ♀. Body 12.30/17.95 long. Carapace 6.75/7.77 long; 5.34/6.43 wide. Eye size: AME 0.32/0.33; ALE 0.24/0.23; PME 0.22/0.25; PLE 0.19/0.22. Length of legs = [femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total]. I, 6.82 + 2.65 + 6.75 + 6.20 + 2.18 = 24.60 / 8.47 + 3.58 + 7.72 + 7.69 + 2.93 = 30.39; II, 6.67 + 2.60 + 5.93 + 5.60 + 2.01 = 22.81 / 7.69 + 3.40 + 6.97 + 6.12 + 2.27 = 26.45; III, 4.80 + 1.73 + 3.08 + 2.92 + 1.47 = 14.00 / 5.64 + 2.37 + 3.74 + 3.14 + 1.56 = 16.45; IV, 6.90 + 2.40 + 5.03 + 4.86 + 1.69 = 20.88 / 7.62 + 3.35 + 5.90 + 5.37 + 1.65 = 23.89. Apophysis with a long pedestal developed on prolateral side of male tibia II (Fig. 9) and sharp projection on ventral side of coxa II (Fig. 10). Abdomen 6.43/10.51 long; 5.77/9.96 wide. A pair of shoulder humps well developed. Coloration and markings (Figs. 2, 3). Coloration: when living/specimens fixed in ethanol, respectively. Carapace gray/dark yellowish brown with black markings and spots on cervical grooves, redial furrows, and fovea. Sternum pale green/light yellowish brown. Legs pale green with dark green ring bands/light yellowish brown with dark brown ring bands; ventral side of coxae black/dark yellowish brown. Dorsum of abdomen dark green/light green and yellowish brown with black folium; internal area of folium darker; green chevron marking edged with black between humps; two pairs of large sigilla on dorsum; ventral side of abdomen light yellowish brown with pair of light yellowish spots. Genital organs. Male palp (Figs. 4, 5, 11, 12): tip of terminal apophysis sclerotized and sharp; conductor strongly sclerotized with bent tip; subterminal apophysis with wide unsclerotized area and sharp thin sclerotized appendix on posterior margin; embolus hidden under subterminal apophysis and conductor; median apophysis transverse with prolateral tip pointed and retrolateral tip truncated; paracymbium hook-like with blunt tip. Female genitalia (Figs. 6–8, 13–15): scape slender with apical half sclerotized and basal half wrinkled; median plate rounded with deep invagination on posterior edge, looking like inverted heart shaped from ventral view; lateral plates strongly sclerotized; copulatory openings outwardly directed. Variation (5 males and 3 females). Male body length 11.24–12.30; female body length 14.30–17.95. Distribution. The Honshu, Shikoku and Tsushima Islands, Japan. Habitat. The new species inhabits deciduous and evergreen forests, in which specimens are often found in green moss on the bark and trunks of trees during the daytime.Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya & Tanikawa, Akio, 2021, A new species of the genus Araneus (Araneae: Araneidae) from Japan, pp. 591-596 in Zootaxa 5052 (4) on pages 592-595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/557738
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
From textbook to patient: a practical guide to train the end-to-side microvascular anastomosis
No full textMicrovascular anastomosis is one of the most challenging neurosurgical techniques. Mastering this technique allows to perform intracranial bypass with arteries of small caliber usually placed in deep narrow surgical fields. The aim of this paper is to describe step by step end-to-side microanastomosis training method by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel tubing as it is easily reproducible. The tubing comes in sizes from 0.3 mm to 5 mm and has a texture and consistency similar to real vessels. This is based on the Teishinkai Hospital anastomosis technique. Continuous practice in microvascular anastomosis is of great importance in training vascular neurosurgeon. The PVA hydrogel tubing described in this article are useful and cost-effective material in the training of microvascular anastomosis. This practical guide model is easy to set up for repeated practice, and will contribute to facilitate ‘off-the-job’ training by young neurosurgeons and the development and maintenance of microsurgical skills in both resident neurosurgeons and experts who wish to master the various levels of anastomosis technique. There is no shortcut to master this technique, only hard work and perseverance
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Abstract 1430: The spliceosome U2 snRNP factors promote genome stability through distinct mechanisms; transcription of repair factors and R-loop processing
No full textAbstract
(Objective)Recent whole-exome sequencing studies of malignancies have detected recurrent somatic mutations in U2 snRNP components of the spliceosome. These factors have also been listed as novel players of DNA damage response in several genome wide screens and proteome analysis for DDR genes. Although accumulating evidences have implied that the spliceosome plays an important role in genome stability and is an emerging hallmark of carcinogenic pathways, its precise role in genome stability still remains ambiguous. The aim of this study is to clarify the functions of U2 snRNP splicing factors, especially SNRPA1 (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide A1) in DDR pathway.
(Methods)SNAPA1 and other U2 snRNP splicing factors were identified as HR repair genes by genome-wide screens based on homologous recombination and RAD51 immunofoci formation. Each splicing factor was depleted by siRNA knockdown in USOS cells. The functions of SNRPA1 in DNA repair were analyzed by HR assay (DR-GFP assay), immunofluorescence, real-time laser micro-irradiation and comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis).
(Results)HR assay showed strong HR deficiencies in splicing factor's depleted cells. In these cells, accumulation of BRCA1 and Rad51, major HR factors, to DNA damage sites were severely impaired. Especially, live cell imaging showed recruitment of SNRPA1 to laser induced DNA damage sites and unveiled its direct involvement to DNA damage repair. Comet assay also showed that depletion of SNRPA1 markedly caused DNA damage with the tail of broken DNA fragments. This DNA damage was R-loop (DNA-RNA hybrid) mediated DNA damage and rescued by overexpression of RNAseH1.
(Conclusion) Here we unveiled two distinct pathways how spliceosome U2 snRNP factors contribute to genome stability. The main function is indirect, through transcription, to maintain the protein levels of essential repair factors and contribute to homologous recombination repair. Our data suggest that depletion of splicing factors can be one mechanism for HR deficiency (i.e. BRCAness). In addition real-time laser microirradiation analysis identified the rapid recruitment of SNRPA1 to DNA damage sites. Intensive functional analysis of SNRPA1 unveiled the other, more immediate and direct effect to process R-loop structure, deleterious transcriptional by-products for the genome, at sites of on-going transcription.
Citation Format: Michihiro Tanikawa. The spliceosome U2 snRNP factors promote genome stability through distinct mechanisms; transcription of repair factors and R-loop processing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1430. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1430</jats:p
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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