1,175 research outputs found
AAS227 - Synthesizing Understanding from Data with yt
No full textThis is a talk I gave at the AAS227 about yt. yt is available at yt-project.org.<div><br></div><div>While I am listed as the author of this talk, the yt community is composed of more than a hundred code contributors and mailing list participants, and we are grateful to their involvement and support.</div><div><br></div><div>Additionally, the yt project is built on other members of the scientific software ecosystem such as Jupyter, NumPy, Cython, h5py and hdf5, Matplotlib, and Sympy.</div
Efeitos sedativos da detomidina nos acupontos vg-1 e yin tang em equinos
Full text linkAlpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as detomidine, are widely used in equine practice due to
their sedative, analgesic, and muscle-relaxing effects, while pharmacopuncture aims to
reduce the dose and, consequently, the volume of the drug administered, while preserving
the desired sedative effect. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the sedative effects of
subdoses of detomidine administered at the acupuncture points Yin Tang (n=6), VG-1 (n=6),
and intravenously (n=6 - control group) in eighteen horses. The parameters assessed were
Head Height, Auditory Stimulus, and Visual Stimulus, both before (M0) and after the drug
administration, every 15 minutes, until a total of 1 hour and 15 minutes (M15, M30, M45,
M60, and M75). The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significant difference
when p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the sedation latency period was shorter in the IV
(intravenous) group compared to the pharmacopuncture groups (YT and VG-1); however, the
groups that received pharmacopuncture had a longer sedation duration. The animals in the
VG-1 group showed a more significant reduction in responses to auditory and visual stimuli
than the YT group. It is concluded that pharmacopuncture with detomidine at the VG-1 and
Yin Tang acupuncture points provides effective sedation with greater duration, emphasizing
the need for further studies to better understand the differences between acupuncture points
and optimize the technique.Os agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos, como a detomidina, são amplamente utilizados na clínica
equina devido aos seus efeitos sedativos, analgésicos e miorrelaxantes, enquanto a
farmacopuntura tem como foco diminuir a dose e consequentemente o volume administrado
do fármaco, preservando o efeito sedativo desejado. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar
e comparar os efeitos sedativos da subdosagem de detomidina administrada nos acupontos
Yin Tang (n=6), VG-1 (n=6) e por via intravenosa (n=6 - grupo controle) em dezoito equinos,
sendo avaliados Altura da cabeça, Estímulo sonoro e Estímulo visual, antes (M0) e depois, a
cada 15 minutos, até totalizar 1 hora e 15 minutos (M15, M30, M45, M60 e M75) da
aplicação do fármaco. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística com diferença
significativa quando p ≤ 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que o período de latência da
sedação foi menor no grupo IV (intravenoso) em comparação aos grupos de farmacopuntura
(YT e VG-1), entretanto os grupos que receberam farmacopuntura obtiveram maior tempo
de sedação. Os animais do grupo VG-1 apresentaram uma redução mais significativa nas
respostas a estímulos sonoros e visuais do que o grupo YT. Conclui-se que a
farmacopuntura com detomidina nos acupontos VG-1 e Yin Tang proporciona sedação
efetiva, com maior duração, enfatizando a necessidade de mais estudos para compreender
melhor as diferenças entre os acupontos e otimizar a técnica
Scheduling local and express trains in suburban rail transit lines: Mixed-integer nonlinear programming and adaptive genetic algorithm
No full textWe investigate the train timetabling problem in suburban rail transit lines by considering (1) the traditional stopping mode (TSM), in which all trains stop at each station, and (2) the express/local stopping mode (ELM), in which express trains can skip certain low-demand stations. We first propose two mixed-integer linear programming models for the train timetabling problem under the TSM with and without capacity constraints. Next, we develop two mixed-integer nonlinear programming models under the ELM with and without "overtaking"; thus, a total of four optimization models are proposed. The objective is to minimize the passenger travel time (PTT). Owing to the NP-hardness of the studied problem, we propose an adaptive genetic algorithm (A-GA) that can efficiently solve the four proposed models. The A-GA is customized to solve the train timetabling problem with train capacity, overtaking, and other operational constraints, reducing the PTT. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we conduct numerical experiments on 60 randomly generated realistic instances and a real-world case study based on Shanghai Metro Line 16. The computational results for the realistic instances indicate that our A-GA can obtain near-optimal solutions with significantly less computation time than an established commercial solver. The computational results from the real-world case study quantify the benefits of considering the combination of the ELM and overtaking strategies in train timetabling. Furthermore, we perform a sensitivity analysis on key parameters of our mathematical formulations. The results provide insights to railway managers on how to set key parameters when applying the proposed formulations and solution methodology in practice
Avaliação dos efeitos clínicos e sedativos da dexmedetomidina intramuscular, subcutânea e no acuponto yin tang em bezerros
No full textα-2 adrenergic agonists are the main sedatives used in ruminant medicine, and dexmedetomidine is
described as the most selective and safe among the drugs in this group. Pharmacopuncture has become
an alternative in sedation protocols for large animals, since it aims through subdoses to achieve a similar
effect of the conventional dose of the drug and the reduction of undesirable effects. Thus, the present
study aimed to evaluate the clinical and sedative effects of dexmedetomidine intramuscularly,
subcutaneously and in the Yin Tang acupoint in calves. For this, six animals were used, three males and
three females of the girolando breed, submitted to three experimental protocols: intramuscular
dexmedetomidine at a dose of 4µg/kg (DEX-IM); subcutaneous dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.4µg/kg
(DEX-SC) and dexmedetomidine in the Yin Tang acupoint also at a dose of 0.4µg/kg (DEX-YT).
Parameters were evaluated at baseline (M0) and every 20 minutes thereafter (M20, M40, onwards),
respiratory rate (f), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature rectal (TR), ruminal
movements (RM), hematocrit (HT), glycemia (GL) and degree of sedation. Data were submitted to
analysis and statistics. The f remained stable in the DEX-YT group, and showed a tendency to decrease
in the DEX-IM and DEX-SC groups, however there was no statistical difference between the times in
the three groups. SBP showed no statistical difference between the groups or over time, however, it
showed a tendency to increase in the DEX-IM group. HR decreased in the DEX-IM group, while in the
DEX-SC and DEX-YT groups it remained stable. RM decreased in the DEX-IM group, which did not
occur in the DEX-SC and DEX-YT groups. HT and TR showed no statistical difference between groups
or over time. GL showed a significant increase in the DEX-IM group, however, in the DEX-SC and
DEX-YT groups there was no increase. Regarding the degree of sedation, only the animals in the DEX IM group showed behavioral changes that lasted for up to 120 minutes. Dexmedetomidine, at a dose of
4µg/kg administered by the intramuscular route, causes moderate sedation in dairy calves for up to 120
minutes, without presenting clinical complications. The dose of 0.4 μg/kg administered subcutaneously
and in the Yin Tang acupoint did not promote sedation in these animals. The dose of 4µg/kg of
dexmedetomidine may be indicated for short-term procedures in healthy animals.Os agonistas α-2 adrenérgicos são os principais sedativos utilizados na medicina de ruminantes, e a
dexmedetomidina é descrita como a mais seletiva e segura entre os fármacos desse grupo. A
farmacopuntura tem se tornado uma alternativa em protocolos de sedação de grandes animais, já que
visa através de subdoses alcançar efeito semelhante da dose convencional do fármaco e a diminuição
dos efeitos indesejáveis. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos clínicos e
sedativos da dexmedetomidina pelas vias intramuscular, subcutânea e no acuponto Yin Tang em
bezerros. Para tal, foram utilizados seis animais, sendo três machos e três fêmeas da raça girolando,
submetidos a três protocolos experimentais: dexmedetomidina intramuscular na dose de 4µg/kg (DEX IM); dexmedetomidina subcutânea na dose de 0,4µg/kg (DEX-SC) e dexmedetomidina no acuponto Yin
Tang também na dose de 0,4µg/kg (DEX-YT). A avaliação dos parâmetros ocorreu no momento basal
(M0) e a partir daí a cada 20 minutos (M20, M40, em diante), sendo avaliados frequência respiratória
(f), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), temperatura retal (TR), movimentos
ruminais (MR), hematócrito (HT), glicemia (GL) e grau de sedação. Os dados foram submetidos à
análise e estatística. A f se manteve estável no grupo DEX-YT, e apresentou uma tendência a diminuição
nos grupos DEX-IM e DEX-SC, no entanto sem diferença estatística entre os tempos nos três grupos. A
PAS não apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos nem ao longo do tempo, contudo, apresentou
uma tendência ao aumento no grupo DEX-IM. A FC diminuiu no grupo DEX-IM, enquanto nos grupos
DEX-SC e DEX-YT se manteve estável. Os MR diminuíram no grupo DEX-IM, o que não ocorreu nos
grupos DEX-SC e DEX-YT. HT e TR não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os grupos e nem ao
longo do tempo. A GL apresentou um aumento significativo no grupo DEX-IM, no entanto, nos grupos
DEX-SC e DEX-YT não houve aumento. Quanto ao grau de sedação, apenas os animais do grupo DEX IM apresentaram mudanças comportamentais que perduraram por até 120 minutos. A dexmedetomidina,
na dose de 4µg/kg administrada pela via intramuscular causa sedação moderada em bezerros de leite
por até 120 minutos, sem apresentar complicações clínicas. Já a dose de 0,4 μg/kg administrada pela via
subcutânea e no acuponto Yin Tang não promoveu sedação nesses animais. A dose de 4µg/kg da
dexmedetomidina pode ser indicada para procedimentos de curta duração em animais hígidos
Effects of selective unilateral dorsal root(s) rhizotomy on micturition reflex in anesthetized rats.
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