1,721,018 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Development of an integrated, printed cell-scaffold construct for bone repair
No full textThe rising incidence of bone disorders, exacerbated by an increasing ageing population worldwide, has resulted in an unmet need for more effective therapies. Bone tissue engineering is seen as a means of developing alternatives to conventional bone grafts for the repair or reconstruction of bone defects through the utilisation of biomaterials, cells, and signalling factors. However, skeletal tissue engineering faces several challenges in order to achieve full translation into clinical practice. The use of additive manufacturing techniques to biofabricate bone offers one potential solution, with its inherent capability for reproducibility, accuracy and customisation of scaffolds, as well as the potential capability for cell and signalling factor delivery. This thesis outlines the approach taken to develop such an integrated construct, which could possibly be used for bone repair. Chapter 1 begins by providing an overview of the current understanding of bone biology and the factors involved in bone repair, before proceeding to examine the current state of bone biofabrication and the necessary factors for success, while discussing the key issues limiting its use to date. The chapter concludes by stressing the need for standardisation of methods for bioprinting, in vitro and in vivo approaches and analyses, and calls for improvements to design and bioprinting software if biofabrication is to achieve its potential for clinical translation. Chapter 2 summarises the core materials and methods used throughout the project. The next three chapters describe the process leading up to the creation of a biofabricated construct through harnessing the osteogenic capacity of STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cells and biocompatible materials. Chapter 3 describes established isolation and culture protocols for STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cells and confirms that STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cells are induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation, and when seeded onto microporous, micro-rough titanium templates, despite an inverted culture approach. The results suggest STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cells are a suitable cell type for use in bone repair. Chapter four details the various combinations, and potential, of multi-material bioinks for cell encapsulation and delivery purposes. Bioinks, composed of chemically cross-linked, 4% w/v low viscosity alginate, and to a lesser extent, gelatin containing 1% w/v hyaluronic acid, were found to be suitable for STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cell delivery, demonstrating cell viability and proliferation post-seeding. Chapter 4 also describes the methods used in the design, generation, and characterisation of novel polycaprolactone-based scaffolds manufactured by a three-dimensional printer. Although polycaprolactone has been utilised in biomedical devices for decades, the inherent hydrophobicity of polycaprolactone has limited its use as a scaffold for cell seeding, usually requiring post-processing steps to resolve this problem. In this project, non-treated, porous, cylindrical polycaprolactone-based scaffolds were not only reproducibly manufactured by melt extrusion printing with high resolution, but were also shown to be biocompatible, with an average total porosity of 52%. Microcomputerised tomography image reconstruction analyses further revealed that 99.5% of the created pores were interconnected. Chapter 5 reports the creation of an integrated construct potentially suitable for bone reparation purposes. A manual aerosol spray was used to coat printed scaffolds with a biomimetic bioink. While the process did not result in an appreciable reduction in porosity, confocal light and scanning electron microscopy showed major alterations to the surface topography of the scaffolds. STRO-1 enriched bone marrow stromal cells deposited by this aerosol method onto non-treated, as well as biomimetic bioink-coated, 3D printed scaffolds demonstrated good viability, increased ALP activity, and underwent osteogenic differentiation over 21 days in vitro. Chapter 6 surmises the findings of this project, and concludes with a personal perspective on the future (potential) direction of biofabrication in bone tissue engineering
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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