1,721,495 research outputs found
New species of oak gallwasps from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
No full textTang, Chang-Ti, Melika, George, Yang, Man-Miao, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. (2011): New species of oak gallwasps from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 2865: 37-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27742
Feudal Dependents called Ke 客 and Buqu 部曲 in the Wei 魏, Jin 晋, Southern and Northern Dynasties 南北朝
Full text linkThis is a translation into Japanese from the first half of the Chinese text written by Prof. Tang Chang-ru of Wuhan 武漢 University who presented briefly its contents and those of the second part on March 11, 1981 at the Research Institute for Humanistic Studies of Kyoto University. The author states at first that in the period of the Three Kingdoms a great many bankrupt peasants had been drawn under the control of the landlords (haoqiang 豪強) as their dependents called ke 客 or dianke (佃客), and that such a social situation persisted and developed further in South China until the end of the Southern Dynasties, as well as in North China until at least 485 A.D. On the other hand, the government of the Jin dynasty specified by legislation the number of dependents the landlords could have, and it made an effort to bring them back under its direct control. The result was not very succesful, but we should pay attention to the fact that the succeeding dynasties never stopped enforcing the law. In 485, the government of the Northern Wei 北魏 Dynasty established two systems of law called the Sanzhangzhi 三長制 and the Juntianzhi 均田制, which enabled it to get back a great many tenants under its control and to levy taxes on them in exchange for giving them a fixed field. It is difficult, indeed, to find the existence of ke in the historical materials at that time, but if we call to mind the fact that the Juntianzhi alowed the landlords to have some fields under the name of their slaves, it would seem certain that the slaves were mixed in reality with the tenants called at that time tongli 僮隷. The meaning of tongli is equal to puli 僕隷 who were allowed to receive their fields by the law established at the beginning of the Sui 隋 period. The title of puli contained surely the buqu, the lowly class who had been emancipated from slavery by the edict promulgated in 577 by the Emperor Wu 武帝 of the Zhou 周 dynasty. Therefore, in North China there were many feudal dependents called tongli, puli, or buqu even after 485, and we find again the numerous ke in the historical texts of the Sui period. But it is necessary to keep in mind that the bonds between the landlords and their dependents were not always clearly specified in the legislation of the Six Dynasties and that this was a characteristic of Chinese feudalism. The second part of the author's text will be translated and published in the Tohogaku 東方學, No. 63
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Plate 8. Diastrophini. Figs. 205–207 in World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups
No full textPlate 8. Diastrophini. Figs. 205–207, Diastrophus kinkaidii, USNMENT01448499.Published as part of Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, pp. 1-69 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020) on page 42, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa003, http://zenodo.org/record/455211
First record of an Andricus oak gallwasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)
No full textTang, Chang-Ti, Melika, George, Yang, Man-Miao, Nicholls, James, Csóka, György, Stone, Graham N. (2009): First record of an Andricus oak gallwasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 2175: 57-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27509
Plate 24. Parnipinae. Figs. 267–268 in World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups
No full textPlate 24. Parnipinae. Figs. 267–268, Parnips nigripes, USNMENT01231874.Published as part of Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, pp. 1-69 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020) on page 61, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa003, http://zenodo.org/record/455211
Plate 6. Ceroptresini. Figs. 196–198 in World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups
No full textPlate 6. Ceroptresini. Figs. 196–198. Ceroptres sp. USNMENT00917016Published as part of Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, pp. 1-69 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020) on page 39, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa003, http://zenodo.org/record/455211
Plate 10. Eschatocerini. Figs. 211–213 in World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups
No full textPlate 10. Eschatocerini. Figs. 211–213, Eschatocerus acaciae, USNMENT01231863 and USNMENT00655966.Published as part of Buffington, Matthew L., Forshage, Mattias, Liljeblad, Johan, Tang, Chang-Ti & Noort, Simon van, 2020, World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups, pp. 1-69 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020) on page 44, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa003, http://zenodo.org/record/455211
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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