1,721,497 research outputs found
Mesoporous materials
No full textRecently, mesoporous metal films containing high surface areas have been produced electrochemically by using lyotropic liquid crystalline phases as templating agents. The main advantage is the versatility of this method, where other materials can be prepared. This thesis describes three areas with the common theme of the electrodeposition of materials in the presence of lyotropic liquid crystals.The first area looks at the attempts to polymerise aniline in the hexagonal phase of C16EO8 and to characterise the films made. Although aniline could electropolymerise in a lyotropic liquid crystalline system, no evidence for nanostructure could be obtained.The next area studies the diffusion of the ferricyanide redox couple in the presence of Brij® 56; which may give a clearer picture of carrying out electrochemistry in the regular structured lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of a surfactant. Ferricyanide chemistry appeared more reversible in the surfactant system, and a timescale appeared to exist for the organisation of the liquid crystalline phase of Brij® 56 into equilibrium.The third area studies the electrodeposition of mesoporous palladium (Pd). Mesoporous Pd prepared electrochemically from the hexagonal phase of C16EO8 at room temperature has already been shown by Guerin to improve the performance of pellistors. Our work sets out to recreate and extend the experimental conditions when using a cheaper alternative surfactant, i.e. Brij® 56. The main purpose is to find the conditions suitable to deposit Pd on pellistors for comparison with the data obtained by Guerin. Electrodeposition of Pd in the hexagonal phase of Brij® 56 was possible on SRL 136a pellistors, and exposing them to methane showed evidence of sensitivity.Most importantly, the combination of the three areas show the different facets to electrodeposition in the lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of a surfactant, and that a cheap and widely available surfactant, i.e. Brij® 56, can be used to construct a gas sensor.</p
The three learnings (san-xue) in the Nan-yang he-shang dun-jiao jie-tuo chan-men zhi-liao-xing tan-yu
No full textThe purpose of this essay is to shed some light on the meaning of the three learnings (san-xue), in early Chan-Buddhism, which evolved into a method of seeking sudden enlightenment (dun-wu) from the three steps of practice. Here I want to consider the three learnings seen in the Nan-yang he-shang dun-jiao jie-tuo chan-men zhi-liao-xing tan-yu (hereafter cited as ""Tan-yu""), which is the only record of the precepts-giving ceremony (shou-jie-yi) by Shen-hui still in existence and which makes reference to the other focus of learning - meditation (ding) and wisdom (hui). This essay consists of five parts - a preface, analysis of the precepts-giving ceremony in Tan-yu, Shen-hui\u27s understanding of meditation, ideas on the equality between meditation and wisdom (ding-hui-deng), and a conclusion. The precepts-giving ceremony at the beginning of Tan-yu is a simple and unique one. It centers around the three refuges (san-gui) and repentance (chan-hui), but the actual precepts-giving part of the ceremony cannot be found. A change in the meaning of the precepts in early Chan-Buddhism caused this unique change in the ceremony. The precepts of ""the mind of Buddha"" (fo-xin-jie) being internalized and the certainty of becoming Buddha being guaranteed, the precepts-giving is transformed into an opportunity of receiving sudden enlightenment where one is able to express one\u27s inherent Buddha-nature (fo-xing). Thus, while the precepts lose their original superficial meaning of being mental and physical restraints, the framework of the precepts-giving ceremony itself becomes incomplete and merely retains its name as one of the three learnings in the idea of equality of three learnings (san-xue-deng) and as an elementary restraint for laymen (zhai-jie). Shen-hui\u27s idea about meditation in Tan-yu is expressed in two ways. One is his objection to the traditional views on meditation, and the other is his own view of meditation. The former is presented with the rejection of meditation advocated by the Northern school (bei-zong) and the followers of Two Vehicles (er-cheng), and the latter is based on his insistence on the equality between meditation and wisdom (literal English transration of ""ding-hui-deng""). Shen-hui objects to the traditional views on meditation, most of which are substantially based on the views in the Da-cheng wu-sheng fang-bian men promoted by the Northern school, eliminating the practicical aspects from meditation. However, Shen-hui\u27s approach seems a bit extreme. The idea of equality between meditation and wisdom (ding-hui-deng) in Tan-yu is different from that in other works of Shen-hui, for instance, Pu-ti-da-mo nan-zong ding shi-fei lun or Shen-hui lu. In Tan-yu, this idea of equality between meditation and the wisdom evolves into a form of seeing one\u27s hidden spiritual nature (jian-xing). But in other works of Shen-hui, the idea is to grasp meditation as a substance of the mind, which is difficult to grasp, by seeing its functions. The latter idea is thought to have developed into the former with changes in the meaning of the three learnings. With this development, the idea of equality between meditation and wisdom (ding-hui-deng) was transformed from its original meaning, the emphasis on the simultaneous and complementary natures between meditation and wisdom, into an affirmation of the necessity to perceive the original pure nature inherent in everyone (jian-xing)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
