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Unlinkable Minutiae-Based Fuzzy Vault for Multiple Fingerprints
No full textCopyright. When the final version is published, the copy of recor
Security Considerations in Minutiae-Based Fuzzy Vaults
No full textThe fuzzy vault scheme is a cryptographic primitive that can be used to protect human fingerprint templates where stored. Analyses for most implementations account for brute-force security only. There are, however, other risks that have to be consider, such as false-accept attacks, record multiplicity attacks, and information leakage from auxiliary data, such as alignment parameters. In fact, the existing work lacks analyses of these weaknesses and are even susceptible to a variety of them. In view of these vulnerabilities, we redesign a minutiae-based fuzzy vault implementation preventing an adversary from running attacks via record multiplicity. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for robust absolute fingerprint prealignment. In combination, we obtain a fingerprint-based fuzzy vault that resists known record multiplicity attacks and that does not leak information about the protected fingerprints from auxiliary alignment data. By experiments, we evaluate the performance of our security-improved implementation that, even though it has slight usability merits as compared with other minutiae-based implementations, provides improved security. However, despite heavy efforts spent in improving security, our implementation is, like all other implementations based on a single finger, subjected to a fundamental security limitation related to the false acceptance rate, i.e., false-accept attack. Consequently, this paper supports the notion that a single finger is not sufficient to provide acceptable security. Instead, implementations for multiple finger or even multiple modalities should be deployed the security of which may be improved by the technical contributions of this paper
Perfect fingerprint orientation fields by locally adaptive global models
No full textFingerprint recognition is widely used for verification and identification in many commercial, governmental and forensic applications. The orientation field (OF) plays an important role at various processing stages in fingerprint recognition systems. OFs are used for image enhancement, fingerprint alignment, for fingerprint liveness detection, fingerprint alteration detection and fingerprint matching. In this study, a novel approach is presented to globally model an OF combined with locally adaptive methods. The authors show that this model adapts perfectly to the ‘true OF’ in the limit. This perfect OF is described by a small number of parameters with straightforward geometric interpretation. Applications are manifold: Quick expert marking of very poor quality (for instance latent) OFs, high-fidelity low parameter OF compression and a direct road to ground truth OFs markings for large databases, say. In this contribution, they describe an algorithm to perfectly estimate OF parameters automatically or semi-automatically, depending on image quality, and they establish the main underlying claim of high-fidelity low parameter OF compression
The fuzzy vault for fingerprints is vulnerable to brute force attack
No full textThe fuzzy vault approach is one of the best studied and well accepted ideas for binding cryptographic security into biometric authentication. We present in this paper a brute force attack which improves on the one described by T. Charles Clancy et. al. in 2003 in an implementation of the vault for fingerprints. Based on this attack, we show that three implementations of the fingerprint vault are vulnerable and show that the vulnerability cannot be avoided by mere parameter selection in the actual frame of the protocol. We will report about our experiences with an implementation of such an attack. We also give several suggestions which can improve the fingerprint vault to become a cryptographically secure algorithm. In particular, we introduce the idea of fuzzy vault with quiz which draws upon information resources unused by the current version of the vault. This may bring important security improvements and can be adapted to the other biometric applications of the vault
The fuzzy vault for fingerprints is vulnerable to brute force attack
No full textThe fuzzy vault approach is one of the best studied and well accepted ideas for binding cryptographic security into biometric authentication. We present in this paper a brute force attack which improves on the one described by T. Charles Clancy et. al. in 2003 in an implementation of the vault for fingerprints. Based on this attack, we show that three implementations of the fingerprint vault are vulnerable and show that the vulnerability cannot be avoided by mere parameter selection in the actual frame of the protocol. We will report about our experiences with an implementation of such an attack. We also give several suggestions which can improve the fingerprint vault to become a cryptographically secure algorithm. In particular, we introduce the idea of fuzzy vault with quiz which draws upon information resources unused by the current version of the vault. This may bring important security improvements and can be adapted to the other biometric applications of the vault
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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