1,721,002 research outputs found
Il progetto HYDRORG
Full text linkStudio dell’interazione tra
ammendanti e sostanza
organica per la salvaguardia
della salute dei suol
Testing the impact of agricultural practices on protist and metazoan communities in rice paddy soils through environmental DNA
Full text linkSoil is a fundamental environment hosting a high biodiversity and enclosing numerous microhabitats. Multiple studies have proved that the adoption of more sustainable practices in crop cultivation results in improved soil biodiversity conservation, whereas conventional agronomic practices can have detrimental impacts on soil attributes. Besides, rice is a major staple food and at the same time, the landscape heterogeneity within its agroecosystem is of fundamental need for several different organisms linked permanently or temporarily to water.
In this study, we used an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach targeting two different genes, the 18S rRNA and the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI), aiming to assess the changes in the protist and metazoan soil communities and their functional diversity under three different rice cultivation managements (i.e. agroforestry, organic and conventional), and along four stages of the rice growth cycle (i.e. basal, vegetative, flowering and maturation phases).
Results showed that the most abundant phyla in the rice paddy soil were Cercozoa and Ciliophora for protists, and Annelida, Nematoda and Arthropoda for metazoan. In particular, Cercozoa were abundant in the agroforestry cropping system, while Ciliophora showed higher abundance in control cover crop field. Annelida were more abundant in the conventional cultivation regime, while both Nematoda and Arthropoda were less abundant, with a significant increase in the organic and agroforestry regimes. Considering the taxonomical and functional diversities, slight differences among treatments were identified both in protists and in metazoans because of the combined effect of agricultural management and the succession of drying-flooding phases during the growing season.
The community’s beta diversity described a positive effect of the organic and agroforestry cropping systems, highly dissimilar from the community found in the conventional rice field. Soil physical-chemical properties did not differ significantly from one treatment to another. This study broadens our understanding of the effects of agricultural practices on the biodiversity inhabiting the soil in rice agroecosystems, highlighting the positive impact of organic and agro-forestry management as suitable environments for the rice soil biocenosis. It also contributes to emphasizing the importance of soil biodiversity conservation and the benefits of redesigning agricultural practices
Biomasse in agricoltura: caratterizzazione ed utilizzo sostenibile
No full textCambiamenti climatici, limitata superficie dei suoli da destinare all’agricoltura, scarsità d’acqua, rese colturali vicine al plateau, massiccio uso di fertilizzanti... In un contesto di questo tipo, (ri)utilizzare biomasse di scarto con determinate caratteristiche rappresenta un must, ossia una scelta obbligata più che un’opportunità. Il presente volume, nato in seno alla Società Italiana di Chimica Agraria (SICA), rappresenta la prima esperienza a livello nazionale di approccio integrato allo studio, alla caratterizzazione e all’utilizzo in agricoltura di biomasse di varia natura. Ciò è stato possibile grazie al contributo che gli Autori e le Autrici hanno fornito sulla base delle loro esperienze e competenze in ambito scientifico, qui tradotte in chiave didattica e tecnica, al fine di fornire uno strumento utile a studenti ed esperti del settore. L’opera offre una panoramica relativa alla descrizione delle principali biomasse di scarto e dei sottoprodotti di origine antropica, per poi passare ai processi di trattamento, finalizzati a favorirne la valorizzazione in ambiti agricoli e/o nella filiera energetica in un’ottica di circolarità e sostenibilità ambientale ed economica, per descrivere infine gli effetti prodotti sulla fertilità chimica, fisica e biologica una volta apportati al suolo. Completa il quadro un’accurata descrizione del contesto legislativo di riferimento relativo all’utilizzo delle biomasse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Riciclo delle biomasse, Green Deal e sviluppo sostenibile
No full textLe biomasse di scarto, se non utilizzabili vantaggiosamente, rappresentano di fatto un rifiuto, mentre quando consentono una qualsiasi forma di utilizzazione economica, costituiscono una risorsa e consentono lo sviluppo di una catena di valore residuo. Tuttavia, occorre che la qualità delle biomasse sia compatibile con il mantenimento, se non con il miglioramento, della fertilità dei suoli, caratteristica indispensabile per evitare rischi per i restanti comparti ambientali. [...
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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