91 research outputs found
Major Bioactive Compounds from Java Plum Seeds: An Investigation of Its Extraction Procedures and Clinical Effects
No full textJava plum is widely recognized as a plant with valuable medicinal properties, originating from Indonesia and India and distributed globally in the tropic and sub-tropic regions of the world. The plant is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, terpenes, tannins, and lipids. The phytoconstituents of the plant seeds possess various vital pharmacological activities and clinical effects including their antidiabetic potential. The bioactive phytoconstituents of Java plum seeds include jambosine, gallic acid, quercetin, β-sitosterol, ferulic acid, guaiacol, resorcinol, p-coumaric acid, corilagin, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin, tannic acid, 4,6 hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose, 3,6-hexahydroxy diphenoylglucose, 1-galloylglucose, and 3-galloylglucose. Considering all the potential beneficial effects of the major bioactive compounds present in the Jamun seeds, in the current investigation, the specific clinical effects and the mechanism of action for the major bioactive compounds along with the extraction procedures are discussed
Decision Problems for Linear Logic with Least and Greatest Fixed Points
Full text linkLinear logic is an important logic for modelling resources and decomposing computational interpretations of proofs. Decision problems for fragments of linear logic exhibiting "infinitary" behaviour (such as exponentials) are notoriously complicated. In this work, we address the decision problems for variations of linear logic with fixed points (μMALL), in particular, recent systems based on "circular" and "non-wellfounded" reasoning. In this paper, we show that μMALL is undecidable.
More explicitly, we show that the general non-wellfounded system is Π⁰₁-hard via a reduction to the non-halting of Minsky machines, and thus is strictly stronger than its circular counterpart (which is in Σ⁰₁). Moreover, we show that the restriction of these systems to theorems with only the least fixed points is already Σ⁰₁-complete via a reduction to the reachability problem of alternating vector addition systems with states. This implies that both the circular system and the finitary system (with explicit (co)induction) are Σ⁰₁-complete
Isolation, Extraction, Preclinical and Clinical Studies on Major Anticancer Compounds of Natural Origin
No full textAbstract 2681: Oral micro biome enhances stemness in oral cancer cells by activating Toll like receptor signaling
No full textAbstract
Background: The resistance and progression of cancers after chemotherapy to invasive and metastatic stages accounts for the overwhelming majority of cancer deaths. Recent studies suggest, microbiomes can induce a cascade of host events to either support or inhibit tumor growth. Specially, in oral cancer, chemotherapy treatment may alter the oral microbial flora, which may favor or inhibit tumor growth. Hence, it is importantl to develop novel experimental approaches to study the role of oral microbial flora in oral cancer stemness (self-renewal and undifferntiated state of cancer stem cells). Importantly, patients in developing area, including Assam, where KaviKrishna laboratory is located, may have distinct oral microbial flora that could favor oral cancer growth. Hence, it is important to include patients from developing countries for such studies. Our previous research showed that chemotherapy ehances stemenss in many cancer cell types, including oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SSC-25. The stemness switch is characterized by enhanced expression of stemness associated genes including Nanog, Lin28A/B, Oct-4, MYC, HIF-2alpha and inflammation associated genes including Toll like receptor (TLR) 2/4. Here we investigated the role of oral microbiomes in the TLR mediated stemness switch of oral cancer cells.
Methods: SCC-25 oral cancer cell line was treated with bacterial product lipopoly saccharide (LPS), and the stemness switch evaluated by isolation of ABCG2+ cells and expression of stemness associated genes by these cells. Capacity of interaction of tumor stromal cells with mesenchymal stem cells was also evaluated. Additionally, we obtained sputum from oral cancer subjects undergoing chemotherapy. The patients were from the Kamrup district of Assam, where KaviKrishna laboratory is located. The sputum was processed and then added to the culture medium of SCC-25 cells. These post-sputum treated SCC-25 cells were subjected to phenotypic stemness switch analysis.
Results: We found, LPS and sputum treatment led to the enhanced stemness of ABCG2+ cells, including the high expression of TLR2/4, MYC, Nanog, Sox-2, and HIF-2alpha. Importantly, sputum derived from oral cancer subjects under remission showed inhibitory activity on ABCG2+ cell self-renewal. In contrast, sputum obtained from oral cancer subjects with relapse showed enhanced stemness of ABCG2+ cells, and also increased tumorigenic potential. The post-sputum treated ABCG2+ cells exhibited high expression of TLR2/4 and associated increase of HIF-2alpha and MYC transcriptional activity. The sputum treated with broad spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin did not enhance the stemness and TLR2/4 signaling of SCC-25 cells.
Conclusion: These results indicate that oral microbiomes may differentially influence the stemness of oral cancer cells. We also conclude that live bacteria present in the sputum may be required to enhance stemness in a TLR2/4 dependent manner.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Joyeeta Talukdar, Rashmi Bhuyan, Bidisha Pal, Sorra Sandhya, Hong Li, Seema Bhuyan, Sukanya Garhyan, Debabrat Baishya, Anupam Sarma, Jyotirmoy Phukan, Amal Kataki, Bikul Das. Oral micro biome enhances stemness in oral cancer cells by activating Toll like receptor signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2681</jats:p
Phytochemicals from Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng Show Potent Inhibitory Activity against B-Raf, EGFR, K-Ras, and PI3K of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Targets
No full textThe major cause of death around the world is cardiovascular disease, while cancer ranks second. Lung cancer stands out as a major cause of concern because it accounts for 12% of all cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Since prehistoric times, humans have relied on plants as a reliable resource for all three of these essentials: food, livestock, and healthcare. When it comes to treating human illness, plants have been relied on extensively. Researchers are becoming increasingly intrigued by the prospect of deciphering plant chemistry. The Alliaceae plant family has yielded many novel phytochemicals. To identify a potent phytocompound against lung cancer from the plant Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed. Before that, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DDPH free radicals scavenging activity were determined in order to select the best plant extract. Four targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were retrieved in mutated form by literature mining to carry out this work. EGFR and B-Raf were selected as cell proliferating proteins and K-Ras and PI3K were selected as antiapoptotic proteins. Molecular docking was performed against these targets with the 94 phytocompounds present in Allium tuberosum, which were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS. Chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling was also conducted with the nine best-screened compounds. Americine, an alkaloid from this plant, showed inhibitory activity against all four selected targets and was bound more strongly than their respective positive controls in docking studies amongst all other phytocompounds. The ADMET study also confirmed the drug-like candidature of the compound. This study reveals the alternative therapeutic potential of americine against NSCLC by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BARK EXTRACTS OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L) VENT
Full text link Objectives: The aim of the present work is to screen the antioxidant potentiality of the bark extract of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent, ethnomedicinally prescribed plant as hepatoprotective.Methods: Bark extracts were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. Total phenol, flavonoid, and total alkaloid were analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, atropine standard, respectively. Antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging potentialities were done by several in vitro methods, viz.; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, reducing power assay, metal chelating activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.Result: Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid were found to be highest in methanolic extract of O. indicum (L) Vent. Methanolic extract of the bark showed very low inhibitory concentration (IC50) and effective concentration values for DPPH assay and reducing power assay compared to another extract. In hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, the lowest IC50 value was recorded in methanolic extract with 153.45±0.06 μg/ml. The FRAP assay for O. indicum methanolic extract showed the highest activity at 940.09±0.07 μg/mL of ascorbic acid equivalent. The ferric reducing capacity and TBA values of the plant extracts confirmed the presence antioxidant principles in the bark of the said plant.Conclusion: These underused plants may be used for mitigating the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species-mediated disease and thus justifies its use in folklore medicines.</jats:p
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL PROFILE OF PAJANELIA LONGIFOLIA (WILLD.) K. SCHUMAN.; POTENTIAL NEW SOURCES OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT.
No full textObjectives: The aim of the present work is to screen the antioxidant potentiality of the bark extracts of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman, ethnomedicinally prescribed plant as hepatoprotective. Methods: Bark extract was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Total phenol, flavonoid, total alkaloid were analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride calorimetric assay, atropine standard, respectively. Antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging potentialities were done by various in vitro methods, viz.; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, reducing power assay, metal chelating activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Result: Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid were found to be highest in acetone extract of P. longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman. Acetone extracts of the bark of P. longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman showed very low inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) and effective concentration 50 values for DPPH assay and reducing power assay compared to other extracts. In hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, the lowest IC50 value was recorded in acetone extract with 181.78±0.09 μg/ml in P. longifolia. The FRAP assay for P. longifolia acetone extract showed the highest activity at 967±0.69 μg/ml of ascorbic acid equivalent. The ferric reducing capacity and TBA values of the plant extracts confirmed the presence antioxidant principles in the bark of the said plant. Conclusion: These underused plants may be used for mitigating the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species-mediated disease and thus justifies its use in folklore medicines. </jats:p
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