1,721,008 research outputs found
Variants in the APOC3 promoter insulin responsive element modulate insulin secretion and lipids in middle-aged men
No full textVariation in the insulin responsive element (IRE) of the APOC3 promoter has been shown to be associated with insulin and glucose concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in young healthy men. We evaluated two variants in the IRE (?455T>C and ?482C>T) in the Ely study, a prospective cohort study of middle-aged men (n=223) and women (n=279), to determine if the effect of these variants on glucose homeostasis could be explained by altered nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and if these effects are modulated by age and gender. Both variants had significant effects on the 30-min insulin incremental response in men alone (?482C>T, P=0.007; ?455T>C, P=0.0155), with rare allele homozygotes having a 33.3% and 23.3% lower insulin increment as compared to common allele homozygotes, respectively. Thirty-minute NEFA concentrations were also significantly associated with genotype in men and levels were approximately 10% higher in carriers homozygous for the rare alleles as compared to subjects homozygous for the common alleles (?482C>T, P=0.04; ?455T>C, P=0.006). In addition, there was a strong interaction between both variants and cigarette smoking affecting fasting triglyceride levels in both men (interaction: ?455T>C, P=0.02; ?482C>T, P=0.008) and women (interaction: ?455T>C, P=0.007; ?482C>T, P=0.013). Taken together, the data shows that men who carry the rare alleles of the IRE variants have disturbed glucose homeostasis and an unfavourable lipid phenotype. The finding of an elevated 30-min NEFA may be an important mechanistic link between triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism and glucose homeostasis
Apolipoprotein E4 and coronary heart disease in middle-aged men who smoke: a prospective study
No full textBackground
The common isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE), E2, E3, and E4, are important determinants of plasma lipid concentrations, and the ?4 allele is associated with raised risk of coronary heart disease. We investigated whether the effect of smoking on coronary heart disease risk is affected by APOE genotype.Methods
We enrolled 3052 middle-aged men who were free of coronary heart disease for prospective cardiovascular surveillance in the second Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHSII). Smoking habit was ascertained at baseline and yearly by questionnaire. APOE genotype was identified by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Endpoints were fatal coronary heart disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and coronary artery surgery and silent myocardial infarction at follow-up.Findings
During 18 836 person years of surveillance, 96 men had an acute myocardial infarction, 26 needed coronary artery surgery, and 14 had silent myocardial infarctions. Compared with never-smokers, risk of coronary heart disease in ex-smokers was 1·34 (95% CI 0·86–2·08) and in smokers it was 1·94 (1·25–3·01). This risk was independent of other classic risk factors. In never-smokers, risk was closely similar in men with different genotypes. Risk in men homozygous for the ?3 allele was 1·74 (1·10–2·77) in exsmokers and 1·68 (1·01–2·83) in smokers, whereas in men carrying the ?4 allele risk was 0·84 (0·40–1·75) and 3·17 (1·82–5·50), respectively, with no significant differences in risk in the ?2 carriers. For the 3 group, the genotype effect on risk was no longer significant after adjustment for classic risk factors (including plasma lipids). However, even after adjustment, smokers who were carriers of the ?4 allele, showed significantly raised risk of coronary heart disease compared with the non-smoking group (2·79, 1·59–4·91, ·4-smoking interaction p=0·007).Interpretation
Smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease in men of all genotypes but particularly in men carrying the ?4 allele. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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