36 research outputs found
Development of Feed and Organic Fertilizer Bioindustry Based on Cocoa-Goat Integration
Full text linkThe cacao farmers generally experienced problems on low cacao productivity and hence farmer’s income. The aim of this paper is to describe concept on the development of feed and organic fertilizer bioindustry based on cacao-goat integration to enhance productivity and farmer’s income. The potential cacao-goat integration covers 1.4 million hectares of cacao plantation and 7.8 million head of goats in nine provinces. Implementation of cacao-goat integration allows to use cacao biomass as feed for goats, and goat’s manure can be applied as fertilizer for cacao plantation. Bioindustry of feed is developed from 3.3 million tons biomass of cacao that consisted of 1.9 million tons of cacao pods and 1.4 million tons of cacao leaves. Bioindustry productions of solid and liquid organic fertilizer are 0.6 million tons and 344 million liters, respectively. The development of feed and organic fertilizer bioindustry is appropriate to improve cacao and goat productivities lead to increase farmer’s income
Improvement of National Beef Cattle Breeding System
Full text linkFulfillment of animal protein in Indonesia, come from animal products including fish i.e. meat, milk and egg. In the early of 1900 period beef cattle was a major product contributing to animal protein consumption but in the current decade poultry products come to replace it. Reformation in breeding strategy and its combination with feed conversion can enhance production efficiency and product number, maintain the continuity and the quality of products. These factors have not been included in a breeding plan for beef cattle, yet. The only appropriate breeding program is in Bali cattle that have not introduced feed intake and conversion into the planning. The ideal breeding program is to produce elite breeding stock and high quality of final stock from crossbreds that is labeled as a quality standard of the animal including recognized feed conversion and daily gain weight. Key words: Improvement, breeding, beef cattle, nationa
Bali Cattle in The Breeding Stock Areas and Their Future Development
Full text linkBali cattle is one of Indonesian native breed of cattle distributed in almost all Indonesian provinces under small holder rearing system. The breed is easily adapted within many variations of tropical environment in Indonesia. Although there are a big differences of the production performance between places but the reproduction performances reported are always good. The Bali cattle resources in the country are Bali, South Sulawesi, East and West Nusa Tenggara (NTT and NTB). Based on the production performance, Bali cattle in Bali are the best Bali cattle in Indonesian and in population, South Sulawesi is province having the highest population of the cattle. All of Bali cattle in the resource areas have a high prolific with a good calving rate but NTT shows the highest number of calf mortality and Bali is the lowest. Except in Bali, Bali heifers perform a decline adult body weight that caused by no genetik improvement program and less of supported environment. All of the phenomenons are as as a guidance for a higghly adaptation ability of the breed. In addition, introducing a new blood with highly genetic potential together with the improvement in feeding and management should be conducted. Key words: Bali cattle, breeding stock, production and developmen
Potential Development of Bioindustry in Cattle and Oil Palm Integration System
Full text linkAn integrated system between cattle and oil palm plantation has a great potency for development of bioindustry, either in the form of animal feed or organic fertilizer bioindustry. Bioindustry of cattle feed is developed from biomass of plantations, such as stem and leaves of palm, palm kernel and solid. Bioindustry of organic fertilizer is developed from cattle manure. The targets of development of bioindustry are palm plantations in Sumatera and Kalimantan regions, covering 9.25 million hectares. It is estimated to be able to produce biomass quantity as much as 54.60 million tons per year which can be used as fodder for 12.13 million animal unit (AU) of beef cattle, whereas currently there are only 3.06 million AU cattle in Sumatera and Kalimantan, so the opportunities for the addition of cattle in both islands are 9.07 million AU. The existing beef cattle population of 3.06 million AU has the potency to produce 6.1 million tons of organic fertilizer can be used to fertilize 3.0 million hectares, therefore the rest of 6.25 million hectares remain unfertilised. The prospect of bioindustries on integration system of cattle with oil palm plantations in Sumatera and Kalimantan is very potential to meet the needs of organic fertilizer for plants and to utilize oil palm biomass for cattle feed. Key words: Bioindustry, biomass of oil palm plantation, cattle manur
Pemanfaatan Ternak Kerbau untuk Mendukung Peningkatan Produksi Susu
Full text linkKerbau rawa/lumpur tersebar di seluruh Indonesia dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai ternak perah untuk meningkatkan produksi susu dalam negeri yang baru mampu memenuhi 30% dari kebutuhan nasional. Potensi produksi susu kerbau di Indonesia mencapai 0,52,25 liter/ekor/hari pada kondisi pemeliharaan suboptimal. Kandungan lemak dan protein susu kerbau lebih baik daripada susu sapi, kaya akan kandungan mineral penting seperti kalsium, besi, dan fosfor, kolesterol rendah, dan vitamin A tinggi. Susu kerbau merupakan makanan sehat karena mengandung zat bioprotektif antara lain imunoglobulin, laktoferin, lisozim, laktoperoksidase, dan bifidogenik. Keunggulan ternak kerbau yang lain ialah mampu beradaptasi pada kondisi iklim dan manajemen pemeliharaan peternak di pedesaan. Perkawinan antara kerbau lokal dengan kerbau unggul dapat meningkatkan produksi susu dan populasi kerbau lokal. Selain itu, perbaikan sistem pemeliharaan dari dilepas menjadi semiintensif atau intensif, peningkatan jumlah dan kualitas pakan, serta pelayanan kesehatan ternak akan mengoptimalkan produktivitas kerbau lokal
Langkah Awal Perbaikan Produktivitas Berbasis Performans pada Kerbau Potong Jantan di Indonesia
Full text linkDikenal ada dua tipe kerbau yaitu potong dan perah yang berjumlah 195,4 juta ekor, dimana populasi terbesar adalah tipe perah, sedangkan kerbau potong berkembang pesat di Asia Tenggara dan China dengan jumlah populasi sekitar 24 juta ekor dan Indonesia memiliki 1,3 juta ekor. Ada tujuh rumpun kerbau potong di Indonesia dengan kemampuan adaptasi pada lingkungan yang berbeda. Walaupun demikian, Indonesia menghadapi persoalan pengembangan kerbau yaitu penurunan populasi yang cukup besar dalam dekade terakhir dengan penyebab yang sangat kompleks. Solusi mengurangi penurunan populasi yang sederhana salah satunya adalah melalui penggunaan pejantan unggul karena dapat memperbaiki performans produksi sejak lahir sampai dewasa, memperbaiki kinerja reproduksi dan mengurangi jumlah ternak inbred. Untuk mendapatkan pejantan unggul harus dilakukan melalui recording untuk pembibitan dan pemanfaatan data recording serta seleksi secara tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pejantan inferior sudah lama berlangsung, performans kerbau jantan mempunyai variasi yang besar per satuan umur. Membangun kurva pertumbuhan akan memudahkan modifikasi untuk menetapkan target produktivitas keseluruhan yang ingin dicapai melalui penggunaan pejantan unggul
Development of Local Pig in Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia is a country that has the largest swine germplasm in the world and having five out of eight species, but the population of local pig has been decreasing toward extinction. This paper describes characteristic of local pig and factors that cause endangered of germplasm and strategy to prevent the declined population. One of the factors that causing decreased of local pig population is due to its lower productivity. Government policies for the development of local pigs have not been planned yet because of the socio-cultural barriers. Therefore, establishment of the genetic resource conservation for local pig area is required. In addition, local pig preservation activities can be integrated with the promotion of cultural heritage and local traditions. Development strategy should be planned to increase local pig value, including (1) Build a genetic resource conservation area in the outer islands in Indonesia for wild pigs; (2) Preserving local pigs to develop local pig farms by community; and (3) Integrating maintenance of local pig farm with cultural activities through the establishment of village/tourist area. Keywords: Local pig, characteristic, developmen
KONTRIBUSI USAHA PERTANIAN DAN TERNAK DOMBA: PENAMBAHAN NILAI EKONOMI PENDAPATAN PETERNAK
No full textTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui kontribusi usaha pertanian dan ternak domba: analisis ekonomi pendpatan peternak. Penelitian dilakukandi Desa Curacap Kecamatan Ciracap kabupaten Sukabumi Propini Jawa Barat pada tahun 2020. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survei dengan teknik wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner terhadap 25 responden. Data primer dan data sekunder di analisis secara deskriptif, kantitatif dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rataankeuntungan peternak usaha padi sebesar Rp.5.562.200/produksi dengan nilai R/C sebesar 1,53, keuntungan peternak usaha jagung peternak sebesar Rp.1.722.875/produksi dengan nilai R/C ratio 1.33, dan keuntungan peternak usaha domba sebesar Rp.2.289.000/tahun dan nilai nilai R/C sebesar 1,24. Kontribusi usaha pertanian dan domba rataan nilai R/C>1, kesimpulannya bahwa, kontribusi usaha padi, jagung dan domba ecara ekonomi layak untuk dilanjutkan kembali usahanya. Dukungan harga produksi pertanian dan ternak terhjamin dan disesuiuaikan dengan kondisi harga pasar, sehingga peternak tidak merasa dirugikan dengan harga jual hasil pertanian dan ternak. Peluang usaha tanaman pangan dan domba semakin mendatangkan keuntungan, apabila diusahakan dengan manajemen yang bai
Prospect of Dairy Cattle Development Outside Java Island to Support Milk Self Sufficiency in Indonesia
Full text linkDairy cattle in Indonesia have known as Holstein Friesian (FH) cows with the highest milk production in the world. The cow have a good adaptability to subtropical to tropical climate, and from highlands to lowlands. The FH cows grow quite well in areas with an altitude of more than 700 m above sea level as well as in lowland areas with a range of 0 – 300 m above sea level such as in Pasuruan (East Java), Sumedang (West Java), and Kampar (Riau). FH cows produce milk in a range between 3000 – 4000 liters per lactation or an average of 10.7 liter/head/day. Indonesia has a good prospect to develop dairy industry due to a potential of population that nearly to 240 million people. Milk consumption tends to increase along with growth on economic and income per capita of Indonesia people. Domestic milk production has only reached 30% of national demand. Up to the moment, production center of dairy population has concentrated in Java (99%), even though it has limitation on land availability and feed sources. Therefore, the development of dairy industry outside of Java need to be supported as the strengths to do are available such as a market potential for fresh milk, adaptability of climate and local feed resources. The central and provincial government have to accelerate the roles on facilitation and regulation including easily access to financial sources to get liability of commercial credit for farming business. Key words: Dairy cow, outside java, milk self-sufficienc
Inbreeding Depression and Alternative Solution in Buffaloes
No full textBuff and dairy buffaloes have an important role in farming system to produce meat, milk, and fertilizer. Their productivity and population have been decreasing due to several reasons such as inbreeding depression and lack of sires. This paper presents alternative efforts to improve genetics of buffaloes through outbreeding fascilitated by artificial insemination (AI) and estrus synchronization to decrease inbreeding rates. Effort to reduce inbreeding depression is conducted by introducing new buffalo genes from distant populations known as outbreeding. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production has initiated an outbreeding program in buffalo through AI. The pregnancy rate varies between 40-80% using estrus synchronization with prostaglandin and fixed time AI. Outbred offsprings have higher growth performance and selling price than offsprings of natural breeding. The outbreeding program through AI in buffaloes need to be carried out sustainability to increase availability of qualified breeding stocks.</jats:p
