1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Application of infrared and Raman vibrational spectroscopy to serum analysis for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.
No full textLe carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est la 3ème cause de mortalité par cancer dans le monde. L'identification de nouveaux marqueurs sériques est cruciale pour améliorer le pronostic. Dans ce travail, nous avons évalué l'intérêt de la spectroscopie vibrationnelle, infrarouge et Raman, appliquée au sérum pour le diagnostic du CHC. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé 2 études pilotes pour évaluer le potentiel de ces deux approches. L'intérêt de la spectroscopie Raman appliquée au sérum a été évalué chez 37 patients cirrhotiques avec CHC et 34 patients cirrhotiques sans CHC. L'analyse des données spectrales a permis de classer les patients avec un taux d'exactitude diagnostique de 85 à 91%. Nous avons également démontré l'intérêt diagnostique de la spectroscopie IRTF dans une population de 40 patients avec CHC et 39 patients sans CHC. Dans cette étude, le taux d'exactitude diagnostique était de 82 à 86%. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons mené une étude sur un plus grand nombre de patients afin de valider les résultats obtenus dans l'étude pilote IRTF. Les caractéristiques spectrales IRTF du sérum de 308 patients cirrhotiques avec CHC ont été comparées à celles du serum de 509 patients cirrhotiques sans CHC. L'analyse des données spectrales par deux méthodes de classification supervisée, SVM et PLS-DA, n'a pas permis de confirmer les résultats obtenus dans cette étude pilote. Avec un taux d'exactitude diagnostique entre 50 et 60 %, l'analyse spectrale IRTF du sérum entier n'apparait pas discriminante pour distinguer les patients cirrhotiques avec et sans CHC. Ce résultat souligne la nécessité de confirmer sur un grand nombre de patients les résultats obtenus dans des études pilotes. L'analyse spectrale ciblée sur des fractions du sérum pourrait permettre d'identifier plus efficacement des marqueurs diagnostiques en évitant la superposition des informations spectrales liées aux multiples molécules présentes dans le sérum entier.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer death in the world. The identification of novel serum markers is crucial to improve the prognosis. In this work, we evaluated the potentiels of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, applied to serum to diagnose HCC. On a first step, two pilot studies were conducted to evaluate these two approaches. Raman spectroscopy applied to the serum was tested in 37 cirrhotic patients with HCC and 34 cirrhotic patients without HCC. Analysis of spectral data showed that it was possible to classify patients with a diagnostic accuracy rate of 85 to 91%. We also demonstrated the diagnostic performance of FTIR spectroscopy in a population of 40 patients with HCC and 39 patients without HCC. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 82 to 86%. In a second step, an FTIR study on a larger number of patients was performed to validate the results obtained in the pilot studiey. FTIR spectral characteristics of 308 serum from cirrhotic patients with HCC were compared with those of 509 cirrhotic patients without HCC. The supervised classification methods, SVM and PLS -DA were applied but did not confirm the results obtained in the pilot study. The diagnostic accuracy was between 50 and 60%, FTIR spectral analysis of whole serum does not appear discriminant enough to differentiate cirrhotic patients with and without HCC. This result highlights the need to confirm on a large number of patients results in pilot studies. Spectral analysis of serum fractions could be an alternative to more effectively identify diagnostic markers avoiding overlapping spectral information related to the complex composition of whole serum
Analyse de l'efficacité énergétique d'applications basées sur des microservices
No full textThe environmental footprint of digital technologies has become a major concern, driven by the rapid growth of digital services and the increasing energy consumption of distributed infrastructures across the Cloud–Fog–Edge continuum. Modern applications such as social networks, streaming platforms, and messaging services rely increasingly on a microservice-based architecture. This model, which breaks down applications into small, independent services communicating over the Internet, enhances scalability and eases maintenance. However, it also intensifies network usage by multiplying data exchanges, often across long distances between servers. In this context, this thesis focuses on rethinking microservice placement across the Cloud–Fog–Edge continuum, aiming to reconcile application performance with energy efficiency. Optimizing their distribution within these distributed infrastructures is a key lever for reducing energy costs associated with inter- and intra-node communication, while still ensuring optimal service quality. Indeed, a poorly optimized placement can increase data travel distances, response times, and overall energy consumption. Conversely, an effective placement strategy can reduce long-distance communication, better leverage available resources, and ultimately lower the carbon footprint of digital services. Our approach uses a graph-based modeling of the placement problem, which serves as a foundation for proposing several placement strategies. This work leads to three main contributions. First, an in-depth review of the state of the art on service placement, including a classification of existing approaches, a critical analysis of their objectives (latency, cost, energy, etc.), and the identification of current gaps, particularly regarding energy-aware optimization. The second contribution introduces a global energy-efficient placement heuristic, grounded in community detection within microservice graphs. This method aims to group tightly connected services on nearby nodes, thereby minimizing communication distances and associated energy consumption. The third contribution presents a user-centric model capable of dynamically adapting placement based on demand, through a controlled replication and mutualization mechanism for microservices. These studies have provided deeper insights into the complex interactions between placement choices, microservice communication patterns, and energy constraints. In particular, we analyzed how network topology, user proximity, and functional dependencies between services influence overall system performance. To support this, we proposed a simple yet extensible model to better represent the complex impact of placement decisions on energy usage in distributed environments. This research enabled us to explore various trade-offs between performance, energy consumption, and resource allocation, progressively integrating real-world parameters such as user location and infrastructure constraints. The originality of our approach lies in its interdisciplinary nature, at the intersection of computer science, combinatorial optimization, communication networks, and ecological transition. It provides actionable solutions for more responsible deployment of digital services, taking into account both user needs and technical and environmental considerations.L’empreinte environnementale du numérique est devenue une préoccupation centrale, alimentée par l’essor rapide des usages numériques et la consommation énergétique croissante des infrastructures distribuées du continuum Cloud–Fog–Edge. Les applications modernes, telles que les réseaux sociaux, plateformes de streaming et services de messagerie, reposent de plus en plus sur une architecture microservices. Ce modèle, basé sur la division d’une application en petits services indépendants communiquant via Internet, favorise la scalabilité et simplifie la maintenance. Toutefois, il accroît aussi la sollicitation du réseau, en multipliant les échanges de données, parfois sur de longues distances entre serveurs. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse s’attache à repenser le placement des microservices dans le continuum Cloud–Fog–Edge, avec l’objectif de concilier performance applicative et sobriété énergétique. Optimiser leur répartition dans ces infrastructures distribuées devient un levier essentiel pour limiter les coûts énergétiques liés aux communications inter- et intra-nœuds, tout en garantissant une qualité de service optimale. En effet, une disposition inadaptée des services peut allonger les trajets des données, accroître les temps de réponse et engendrer une consommation énergétique inutilement élevée. À l’inverse, une stratégie de placement efficace permet de réduire les échanges longue distance, de mieux exploiter les ressources disponibles et, in fine, de diminuer l’empreinte carbone des communications. Notre démarche s’appuie sur une modélisation par graphes du problème, que nous avons exploitée pour proposer plusieurs stratégies de placement. Trois contributions principales en découlent. La première est une revue approfondie de l’état de l’art sur le problème de placement de services, incluant une classification des approches, une analyse critique des objectifs visés (latence, coût, énergie, etc.), ainsi qu’une identification des lacunes actuelles, notamment en matière d’optimisation énergétique. La seconde contribution consiste en une heuristique globale de placement écoénergétique, fondée sur la détection de communautés dans les graphes de microservices. Cette approche vise à regrouper les services fortement interconnectés sur des nœuds proches, réduisant les distances de communication et, par conséquent, l’énergie consommée. La dernière contribution introduit un modèle centré sur l’utilisateur, capable d’adapter dynamiquement le placement en fonction de la demande, grâce à un mécanisme de duplication contrôlée et de mutualisation des microservices. Ces travaux nous ont permis de mieux comprendre les interactions complexes entre les choix de placement, les structures de communication des microservices et les contraintes énergétiques. Nous avons notamment analysé l’influence de la structure du réseau, de la proximité entre les utilisateurs et des dépendances fonctionnelles entre services, sur les performances globales du système. À ce titre, nous avons proposé un modèle simple, mais extensible, pour mieux représenter la complexité de l’impact énergétique du placement dans un environnement distribué. Ces travaux ont été l’occasion d’évaluer différents compromis entre performances, consommation énergétique et allocation des ressources, en intégrant progressivement des paramètres réels comme la localisation des utilisateurs ou les contraintes d’infrastructure. L’originalité de notre approche réside dans sa dimension interdisciplinaire, à la croisée de l’informatique, de l’optimisation combinatoire, des réseaux de communication et de la transition écologique. Elle permet de proposer des solutions concrètes pour un déploiement plus responsable des services numériques, en tenant compte à la fois des utilisateurs et des aspects techniques et environnementaux
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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