1,720,955 research outputs found
Frailty and delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac procedures
No full textBACKGROUND: Frailty, a state of decreased physiological reserve predisposing to adverse health events, including delirium, is prevalent in older patients undergoing cardiac procedures. In turn, delirium, an acute confusional state, predisposes to frailty in a vicious cycle. So far, most promising measures to prevent delirium, and potentially frailty, in medical and surgical patients, are non-pharmacological in nature. In the context of cardiac surgery, such interventions have infrequently been studied and no standard of care has been established. AIMS: Using a Delphi Consensus Survey, we sought to determine which components should be included in a non-pharmacologic intervention bundle aiming at delirium prevention and treatment in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty multidisciplinary experts with knowledge and experience in delirium management in patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures were approached to provide five suggestions of components to include in a non-pharmacologic delirium prevention and treatment intervention specific to this population. These suggestions were analyzed in duplicate by two independent investigators who grouped them into categories of components. A second iteration was then distributed to the same experts, asking them to rate each category of components on a 7-point Likert scale with regards to its importance, feasibility, and risk for adverse events. RESULTS: Thirteen and eleven out of the twenty experts respectively answered the two iterations of our survey. Ten categories of components were generated from the participants' propositions. Aside from components known to be effective in other clinical settings, our panel identified pain and anxiety management, family and healthcare workers education as well as delirium screening and treatment planning to be of specific interest to cardiac surgical patients. After two rounds of the Delphi Survey, consensus was reached on the high importance and the low risk of adverse events of most categories. No consensus was achieved with regards to the feasibility of the different categories of components, as it was felt by many respondents to rely excessively on individual institutions' cultures and practices. CONCLUSION: Our work allowed us to identify ten categories of components to potentially include in a multicomponent non-pharmacologic delirium prevention and treatment intervention specific to cardiac surgical patients.CONTEXTE: La fragilité, un état de diminution des réserves physiologiques prédisposant à des effets néfastes sur la santé, dont le délirium, est prévalente chez les patients âgés qui subissent une intervention cardiaque. Dans un cercle vicieux, le délirium, un état confusionnel aigu, prédispose à son tour à la fragilité. Jusqu'à présent, les mesures les plus prometteuses pour prévenir le délirium, voire la fragilité, auprès des patients hospitalisés en médecine et en chirurgie sont de nature non-pharmacologique. Dans le contexte de la chirurgie cardiaque, de telles interventions ont rarement été étudiées et aucune norme de soins n'a été établie.OBJECTIFS : À l'aide d'une enquête Delphi, nous souhaitions déterminer les catégories de composantes non-pharmacologiques à inclure dans une intervention multifacette visant la prévention et le traitement du délirium chez les patients subissant une chirurgie cardiaque.MÉTHODES : Vingt experts multidisciplinaires avec expérience au niveau de la prise en charge du délirium chez les patients subissant une chirurgie cardiaque ont été invités à fournir cinq suggestions de composantes à inclure dans une intervention multifacette non-pharmacologique de prévention et de traitement du délirium dans cette population. Ces suggestions ont été analysées en parallèle par deux chercheurs indépendants qui les ont regroupées en catégories de composantes. Un second questionnaire a ensuite été distribué aux mêmes experts, leur demandant d'évaluer chaque catégorie de composantes sur une échelle de Likert en 7 points en fonction de son importance, de sa faisabilité et de son risque d'effets indésirables.RÉSULTATS: Treize et onze des vingt participants ont respectivement répondu aux deux étapes de notre enquête. Dix catégories de composantes ont été générées à partir des propositions des participants. Outre les composantes connues pour être efficaces dans d'autres contextes cliniques, notre panel a déterminé que la gestion de l'anxiété, l'éducation de la famille et du personnel soignant, ainsi que le dépistage du délirium et la planification de son traitement présentaient un intérêt particulier pour les patients ayant subi une chirurgie cardiaque. Après deux cycles de l'enquête Delphi, un consensus a été atteint sur la grande importance et le faible risque d'effets indésirables de presque toutes les catégories proposées. Aucun consensus n'a été atteint quant à la faisabilité des différentes catégories de composantes, de nombreux répondants ayant estimé qu'il était trop ardu de se prononcer sur le sujet étant donné les différences importantes de pratiques et de mentalités d'un programme de chirurgie cardiaque à l'autre.CONCLUSION: Nos travaux nous ont permis d'identifier dix catégories de composantes à inclure dans une intervention multi-facette non-pharmacologique visant la prévention et le traitement du delirium, spécifique aux patients ayant subi une chirurgie cardiaque
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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