113 research outputs found
カンジダ ケツリュウ カンセンショウ ノ カンジャ ニ オケル ケツエキ カラ ブンリサレタ カンジダゾク キンカブ ノ キンシュ ブンプ ト コウシンキンヤク カンジュセイ オヨビ フルコナゾール タイセイ ト タンキ ヨゴ ニ カンレンスル リンショウ インシ ノ カイセキ
No full text京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第10784号医博第2768号新制||医||870(附属図書館)UT51-2004-G631京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻(主査)教授 宮地 良樹, 教授 光山 正雄, 教授 一山 智学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA
地域の諸形成と人口分布 : 人口分布構造解明のための諸概念の探究
No full textThe purpose of this study is to search for the various concepts to clarify the structure of population distribution. Although Zelinsky constructed the framework of explanation for the causes of inequality in population distribution, the reference to the concrete spatial formation were weak. So, the author wants to develop the spatial aspects further. From the retrospect of the various viewpoints and theories on the formations of region, the author draw the many key concepts as follows: Poksishefsky's cognition on the formations of settlement, cause of the dispersed settlement, the village size and its range of farming, the function and location of cities, the degree of urbanization, city size distribution, central place theory, theory of urban systems, the various location theories, theory of core and periphery, the effects of transportation system
STUDIES ON THE CHLORIDE AND SULFATE CONTENT OF WELL WATERS AND THE AMOUNTS OF CHLORIDE AND SULFATE FIXED TO THE SOIL IN THE MINERAL SPRING DISTRICTS (IV) TAMATSUKURI HOT-SPRINGS, SHIMANE PREFECTURE, JAPAN
No full textIn Tamatsukuri Hot-Springs, the chloride and sulfate content and water temperatures of well waters and the amounts of chloride and sulfate fixed to the soil were determined with the samples collected from various parts of the mineral spring districts. For the values which were determined with samples collected from the thermal spring districts and its neighbourhood, no difference was recognized. This result is quite different from the results given in the previous reports of the present author. But this fact may be explaned as the effects of the sea warter, and the further study is being continued
Social cost-benefit analysis of the land reclamation projects in Japan
No full textMost urban waterfront developments in Japan are accompanied by large land reclamation from the sea. These reclamation projects shall be appraised not only from the viewpoint of their returns, but also from the viewpoint of social costs and benefits. A new concept of 'coastal accounts' is asserted in order to reform cost-benefit analysis to a more suitable style. The finance of local governments, the main planners and developers of waterfronts, is analyzed from the viewpoint of this new concept, and the actual conditions of development profits created by reclamations are explained. The author discusses Japanese land reclamation projects by way of 'coastal accounts' by which coastal stoclcs and flows shall be appraised. The analysis concentrates on the Nanko project in Osaka and the Port Island project in Kobe. After a brief introduction of the subject matter, the institutional framework and the trend of land reclamation shall be reviewed. Thereafter, the methodology of social appraisal will be explained. Moving onto the main part of this report an analysis of the coastal accounts of the two cities in question is dealt with in depth. After this analysis, a thorough appraisal of the social cost and benefit account is made, followed by the conclusions drawn
Chromatin and transcriptional regulators act in a cascade to establish a bilateral asymmetry of the C. elegans nervous system
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, February 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections."October 2010." Student received a Ph. D. per February 2011 MIT Degree List, Office of the Registrar. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.Neuroanatomical bilateral asymmetry is a widespread feature in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Although mostly bilaterally symmetric, the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans displays bilateral asymmetry. Bilateral asymmetry in C. elegans arises in part from left-right asymmetric cell lineages. The single left-right unpaired MI neuron is normally generated from the right side of an otherwise left-right symmetric cell lineage that on the left gives rise to the e3D epithelial cell. We performed genetic screens and isolated mutants that displayed symmetry in this normally asymmetric cell lineage, with the MI neuron transformed into an e3D-like cell. We identified that a C. elegans Otx homeodomain protein CEH-36 and two basic helix-loop-helix proteins NGN-1 and HLH-2 promote the generation of the MI neuron and are required to establish the bilateral asymmetry in this cell lineage. We found that CEH-36 is asymmetrically expressed and is present in an MI precursor cell on the right but not in an e3D precursor cell on the left. This bilaterally asymmetric CEH-36 expression in turn promotes asymmetric NGN-1 and HLH-2 expression, leading to the generation of the MI neuron on the right side of the cell lineage. The Otx/bHLH transcriptional cascade is evolutionarily conserved, and our results suggest that this transcriptional cascade plays a role in establishing neuroanatomical bilateral asymmetry in other animals. We also discovered that a mutation in a replication-dependent histone H3 gene his-9 transforms the MI neuron into an e3D-like cell. This mutant allele of his-9 causes an altered-function activity that is predicted to impair the interaction of the mutant HIS-9 protein with another histone H3 molecule and inhibit the formation of a histone H3-H4 tetramer. Replication-dependent histones H3-H4 are deposited onto replicating DNA by the heterotrimeric protein complex CAF-1. We observed that loss of function of each of three genes encoding members of the C. elegans CAF-1 complex transformed MI into an e3D-like cell. We propose that CAF-1-mediated nucleosome formation is impaired by the presence of mutant HIS-9 proteins that are unable to form the histone H3-H4 heterotetramer. We also found that two histone-modifying enzymes SET-16 and UTX-1 are required to establish the bilateral asymmetry in this cell lineage. set-16 encodes a protein homologous to the human MLL protein, a histone methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine 4, and utx-1 encodes a protein homologous to human UTX protein, a histone demethylase specific for histone H3 lysine 27. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of establishing neuroanatomical bilateral asymmetry and suggest that nucleosome formation and histone H3 modification are required to establish this bilateral asymmetry.by Shunji Nakano.Ph.D
A Space-For-Time (SFT) Substitution Approach to Studying Historical Phenological Changes in Urban Environment
No full textabstract: Plant phenological records are crucial for predicting plant responses to global warming. However, many historical records are either short or replete with data gaps, which pose limitations and may lead to erroneous conclusions about the direction and magnitude of change. In addition to uninterrupted monitoring, missing observations may be substituted via modeling, experimentation, or gradient analysis. Here we have developed a space-for-time (SFT) substitution method that uses spatial phenology and temperature data to fill gaps in historical records. To do this, we combined historical data for several tree species from a single location with spatial data for the same species and used linear regression and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to build complementary spring phenology models and assess improvements achieved by the approach. SFT substitution allowed increasing the sample size and developing more robust phenology models for some of the species studied. Testing models with reduced historical data size revealed thresholds at which SFT improved historical trend estimation. We conclude that under certain circumstances both the robustness of models and accuracy of phenological trends can be enhanced although some limitations and assumptions still need to be resolved. There is considerable potential for exploring SFT analyses in phenology studies, especially those conducted in urban environments and those dealing with non-linearities in phenology modeling.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.005126
Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of cefotaxime-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia: a case control study
No full textAbstract
Background
Cefotaxime plays an important role in the treatment of patients with bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae , although cefotaxime resistance is reported to be increasing in association with extended-spectrum \u3b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC \u3b2-lactamase (AmpC).
Methods
We conducted a case-control study in a Japanese university hospital between 2011 and 2012. We assessed the risk factors and clinical outcomes of bacteremia due to cefotaxime-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CTXNS-En) and analyzed the resistance mechanisms.
Results
Of 316 patients with Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia, 37 patients with bacteremia caused by CTXNS-En were matched to 74 patients who had bacteremia caused by cefotaxime-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CTXS-En). The most common CTXNS-En was Escherichia coli (43%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (24%) and Klebsiella spp. (22%). Independent risk factors for CTXNS-En bacteremia included previous infection or colonization of CTXNS-En, cardiac disease, the presence of intravascular catheter and prior surgery within 30\ua0days. Patients with CTXNS-En bacteremia were less likely to receive appropriate empirical therapy and to achieve a complete response at 72\ua0h than patients with CTXS-En bacteremia. Mortality was comparable between CTXNS-En and CTXS-En patients (5 vs. 3%). CTXNS-En isolates exhibited multidrug resistance but remained highly susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. CTX-M-type ESBLs accounted for 76% of the \u3b2-lactamase genes responsible for CTXNS E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates, followed by plasmid-mediated AmpC (12%). Chromosomal AmpC was responsible for 89% of CTXNS Enterobacter spp. isolates.
Conclusions
CTXNS-En isolates harboring ESBL and AmpC caused delays in appropriate therapy among bacteremic patients. Risk factors and antibiograms may improve the selection of appropriate therapy for CTXNS-En bacteremia. Prevalent mechanisms of resistance in CTXNS-En were ESBL and chromosomal AmpC
EFFECT OF WATER LEVEL OF RIVER ON MINERAL SPRING (Continued)
No full textFrom February to September 1954, observations were made of the rates of flow and the water temperatures at a spring called "Tanaka-no-Yu", Misasa Hot Springs, Tottori Prefecture. Simultaneously with these observations, the water level of the River Misasa and that of an irrigation stream nearby were also determined. The procedures for the observations were the same as in the previous report. Comparing the results here obtaind wite those previously obtaind, and referring to the conclusions in the previous report, the author has been led to the following conclusions. From the observations in the period from February to September, 1954, as from those in the period from June, 1953 to January, 1954, a positive correlation was found between the rate of flow and the water teperature, the correlarion coefficient being 0.828 (highly significant). The analsis of variance of the obseryed results showed that the rate of flow and the water temperature appear to be affected by the water levels of the River and of the irrigation stream, and also by their interaction. This conclusion supports what was deduced in the previous report. The average water levels of the River and of the irrigation stream, the average
rates of flow and the average water temperatures, for the period from June to September in 1953, were compared with those for the period from June to September in 1954. The differences in the average water levels of the River, the average rates of flow and the average water temperatures are significant; while that in average water levels of the stream is not significant. From this it may be concluded that the increase in the rate of flow and the rise of the water temperature were resulted from the upheaval of the water level of the River, which followed the construction of a dam there
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