1,721,302 research outputs found
Biobank Governance: The Cautionary Tale of Taiwan Biobank
No full text[[abstract]]The importance of biobanks has long been mooted, and multiple models of development and operation can be found as a result of many actors founding biobanks (from institutions starting disease-specific banks to governments starting national population biobanks). Many countries began developing biobanks in the absence of national policies to aid in that formation. Taiwan was one such country. Believing that the unique genetic makeup, distinctive lifestyles, and disease-causing factors of the Taiwanese people deserved study, Taiwan took steps to create Taiwan Biobank. This paper examines Taiwan Biobank’s development and governance and focuses on two matters in particular which generated consternation during the development of Taiwan Biobank: the position adopted in relation to autonomy and ethnicity; and the approach toward transparency and internal governance. It concludes that Taiwan Biobank’s conflict-ridden evolution represents a cautionary tale, an example of how not to develop a flagship resource
Biobank Governance: The Cautionary Tale of Taiwan Biobank
No full textThe importance of biobanks has long been mooted, and multiple models of development and operation can be found as a result of many actors founding biobanks (from institutions starting disease-specific banks to governments starting national population biobanks). Many countries began developing biobanks in the absence of national policies to aid in that formation. Taiwan was one such country. Believing that the unique genetic makeup, distinctive lifestyles, and disease-causing factors of the Taiwanese people deserved study, Taiwan took steps to create Taiwan Biobank. This paper examines Taiwan Biobank’s development and governance and focuses on two matters in particular which generated consternation during the development of Taiwan Biobank: the position adopted in relation to autonomy and ethnicity; and the approach toward transparency and internal governance. It concludes that Taiwan Biobank’s conflict-ridden evolution represents a cautionary tale, an example of how not to develop a flagship resource
The Legislative Initiative for Taiwan Biobank
No full text[[fileno]]2070404030013[[department]]科技法律研究
Taiwan Biobank: Ethnicity-Specific Evidence on Governance and Public Acceptance
No full text[[abstract]]The subject of biobanks has long been disputed as considerable matters and affairs convolute on the intricate and weighty issue. Mutiple models of development and operation act as the foundation and infrastructure of the biobanks' buildup, fortifying the knowledge database and conclusively contribute to the research study. Taiwan was among many countries who devoted itself to the biobanks construction regardless of the lack of legal support and national policies. Taiwan had a firm belief that the unique genetic makeup, distinctive lifestyles, and disease-causing factors of the Taiwanese genetic pool needed a well-structured study for the welfare of the Taiwanese people, hence, the formation of Taiwan Biobank came into place. This paper examines Taiwan Biobank's development and governance in light of an empirical study which offers evidence on a range of governance issues, including consent, privacy protection, benefit-sharing, and stewardship. Two matters in particular will be discussed in this paper as the range of perplexity they held for the duration of Taiwan Biobank buildup: the adopted position in the autonomy and ethnicity relation; and the taken approach that counterbalances transparency and internal governance
Analysis across Taiwan Biobank, Biobank Japan, and UK Biobank identifies hundreds of novel loci for 36 quantitative traits
No full textGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified tens of thousands of genetic loci associated with human complex traits. However, the majority of GWASs were conducted in individuals of European ancestries. Failure to capture global genetic diversity has limited genomic discovery and has impeded equitable delivery of genomic knowledge to diverse populations. Here we report findings from 102,900 individuals across 36 human quantitative traits in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB), a major biobank effort that broadens the population diversity of genetic studies in East Asia. We identified 968 novel genetic loci, pinpointed novel causal variants through statistical fine-mapping, compared the genetic architecture across TWB, Biobank Japan, and UK Biobank, and evaluated the utility of cross-phenotype, cross-population polygenic risk scores in disease risk prediction. These results demonstrated the potential to advance discovery through diversifying GWAS populations and provided insights into the common genetic basis of human complex traits in East Asia.Peer reviewe
A study on the elementary school teachers' attitudes toward bioinformatics in Tainan County － based on Taiwan Biobank
No full text[[abstract]]This research aims to investigate elementary school teacher’s attitudes toward bioinformatics. The subjects were selected mainly from elementary teachers of Tainan County, and the research was conducted by the method of purposive sampling, with self-designed questionnaires as a research tool. There were 230 questionnaires distributed, and 221 copies recollected, among which 208 responses were effective. The effective scale response rate is 90%. This research is analyzed by the approaches of Frequency Distribution and Percentage, Mean S.D, t –Test, as well as One-Way Anova. Hopefully in the end I am able to come to a conclusion and offer some specific, helpful suggestions for further study.
The following is the conclusion of this research:
1. Tainan County Elementary school teaches’ attitude toward Bioinformatics tend to be positive.
2. Tainan County Elementary school teachers are measured the highest in the extent of importance among the data saved in Taiwan Biobank.
3. Tainan County Elementary school teachers are measured the lowest in the extent of worry.
4. In the variable of personal backgrounds, years of service have greatly affected individuals’ attitudes toward Taiwan Biobank.
5. Teachers of various knowledge backgrounds and related experiences, act differently toward Taiwan Biobank, and their attitudes are listed below:
a. Attitudes of those who used to take part in topic discussions in their learning experiences, vary obviously in the extent of importance.
b. Attitudes of those who have involved topic discussions in their teaching process, vary evidently in the extent of importance.
c. Attitudes of those who ever attained information from Taiwan Biobank, differ greatly in the extent of understanding
The cysteine-altering p.R544C variant in the NOTCH3 gene is a probable candidate for blood pressure and relevant traits in the Taiwan Biobank
No full text[[abstract]]Background: The cysteine-altering variants in NOTCH3 have been suggested to be associated with stroke, dementia, and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), where aberrant blood pressure levels represent the characteristics of these diseases. We aimed to assess whether the cysteine-altering p.Arg544Cys (p.R544C; rs201118034) variant and common single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in NOTCH3 could contribute to systolic and diastolic blood pressure and related phenotypes in the Taiwan Biobank. Methods: We employed a discovery sample of 68,925 individuals, an independent replication sample of 45,676 individuals, and a combined/total sample of 114,601 individuals; all from the Taiwan Biobank. Blood pressure, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, was measured for all participants. Association was evaluated using a general linear model, where results were considered statistically significant if the P value < 0.05 divided by the number of independent tests per model. Results: From our analysis, we identified and replicated three novel candidates for blood pressure that have not previously been reported: the cysteine-altering p.R544C variant for systolic blood pressure, the common SNV rs11669950 for diastolic blood pressure, and the common SNV rs4808235 for diastolic blood pressure. We also generalized two previously identified SNVs (i.e., rs10418305 and rs7408868) in NOTCH3 for blood pressure in European and non-Taiwanese East Asian populations to the Taiwanese population. Moreover, the participants with NOTCH3 p.R544C had an increased stroke frequency (P < 1.0 × 10–5) and a higher dementia frequency (P = 2.0 × 10–4) compared with the whole Taiwan Biobank population in the combined/total sample. Conclusion: NOTCH3 is a strong candidate for a role in stroke, dementia, and CADASIL, which has previously been linked to blood pressure changes. While our preliminary study suggests that NOTCH3 p.R544C may influence blood pressure, stroke, and dementia in the Taiwan Biobank, replication in a well-powered external sample is required. This study also underlines considerable prospects of detecting novel genetic biomarkers in underrepresented worldwide populations
Genome-wide association study in the Taiwan biobank identifies four novel genes for human height: NABP2, RASA2, RNF41 and SLC39A5
No full text[[abstract]]Numerous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted for the identification of genetic variants involved with human height. The vast majority of these studies, however, have been conducted in populations of European ancestry. Here, we report the first GWAS of adult height in the Taiwan Biobank using a discovery sample of 14 571 individuals and an independent replication sample of 20 506 individuals. From our analysis we generalize to the Taiwanese population genome-wide significant associations with height and 18 previously identified genes in European and non-Taiwanese East Asian populations. We also identify and replicate, at the genome-wide significance level, associated variants for height in four novel genes at two loci that have not previously been reported: RASA2 on chromosome 3 and NABP2, RNF41, and SLC39A5 at 12q13.3 on chromosome 12. RASA2 and RNF41 are strong candidates for having a role in height with copy number and loss of function variants in RASA2 previously found to be associated with short stature disorders, and decreased expression of the RNF41 gene resulting in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The results from our analysis of the Taiwan Biobank underscore the potential for the identification of novel genetic discoveries in underrepresented worldwide populations, even for traits, such as height, that have been extensively investigated in large-scale studies of European ancestry populations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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