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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Megaloblastic anemia in Japan
No full textSince 1903, 744 cases of megaloblastic anemia have been
reported in Japan: 490 cases of pernicious anemia; 95 cases associated
with pregnancy; 66 cases after gastrectomy; 22 cases of megaloblastic
anemia of infants; 21 cases of folic acid deficiency other than pregnancy
and 19 cases of vitamin B12 malabsorption after ileal resection.
It is generally agreed among hematologists in Japan that pernicious
anemia is relatively rare, as in other Asian countries. The diagnosis of
pernicious anemia in Japan is usually made by stained marrow films,
radioisotopic assay of serum vitamin B12, Schilling test and good response
to vitamin B12 therapy. Serum folate level, intrinsic factor or its antibody,
methylmalonic acid excretion, formiminoglutamic acid excretion
and deoxyuridine suppression test are performed only at a small number
of laboratories. The drugs of choice are hydroxocobalamin, deoxyadenosylcobalamin
and methylcobalamin. Cyanocobalamin has nearly
disappeared from commercial sources in Japan. Vitamin B12 administration
is common in patients with neurological disorders. Megaloblastic
anemia due to folic acid deficiency is extremely rare in Japan. Low
serum folate levels are frequently observed among patients receiving
anticonvulsants or in pregnant women, but in such samples megaloblastic
anemia is almost never detected. The folic acid content of
hospital diets indicates that satisfactory amounts of folate are taken
in Japan. The intake of folic acid from rice is well over the minimum
daily requirement of folate. Other factors in folic acid deficiency, such
as food taboos, severe alcoholism and malabsorption syndrome are not
frequently found in Japanese. The inadequate intake of folate was the
critical factor in most reported cases.</p
Megaloblastic anemia in Japan
No full textSince 1903, 744 cases of megaloblastic anemia have been
reported in Japan: 490 cases of pernicious anemia; 95 cases associated
with pregnancy; 66 cases after gastrectomy; 22 cases of megaloblastic
anemia of infants; 21 cases of folic acid deficiency other than pregnancy
and 19 cases of vitamin B12 malabsorption after ileal resection.
It is generally agreed among hematologists in Japan that pernicious
anemia is relatively rare, as in other Asian countries. The diagnosis of
pernicious anemia in Japan is usually made by stained marrow films,
radioisotopic assay of serum vitamin B12, Schilling test and good response
to vitamin B12 therapy. Serum folate level, intrinsic factor or its antibody,
methylmalonic acid excretion, formiminoglutamic acid excretion
and deoxyuridine suppression test are performed only at a small number
of laboratories. The drugs of choice are hydroxocobalamin, deoxyadenosylcobalamin
and methylcobalamin. Cyanocobalamin has nearly
disappeared from commercial sources in Japan. Vitamin B12 administration
is common in patients with neurological disorders. Megaloblastic
anemia due to folic acid deficiency is extremely rare in Japan. Low
serum folate levels are frequently observed among patients receiving
anticonvulsants or in pregnant women, but in such samples megaloblastic
anemia is almost never detected. The folic acid content of
hospital diets indicates that satisfactory amounts of folate are taken
in Japan. The intake of folic acid from rice is well over the minimum
daily requirement of folate. Other factors in folic acid deficiency, such
as food taboos, severe alcoholism and malabsorption syndrome are not
frequently found in Japanese. The inadequate intake of folate was the
critical factor in most reported cases.</p
Clinical and experimental studies on folic acid deficiency due to anticonvulsants. 2. Investigations on patients receiving anticonvulsants and experimental study on the effect of diphenylhydantoin on the absorption of folic acid in rats
No full textA high incidence of subnormal serum folic acid levels was observed in 48 patients receiving anticonvulsants (75 %). In peripheral blood, macrocytosis was detected in 46 % and an increase of hypersegmented neutrophils was also seen in 24 % of the patients. Correlation existed between these signs and low serum folate levels. The growth response of Lactobacillus casei and L. leichmannii was not suppressed by the addition of various anticonvulsants to the medium of the bioassay systems. Administration of 5 mg of folic acid for a month corrected macrocytosis and an increase of hypersegmented neutrophils significantly. Folic acid supply also decreased mean diameters of the nuclei of oral epithelial cells significantly. It is concluded that subclinical folic acid deficiency is common among the patients receiving anticonvulsants. Absorption of 3H.folic acid from the small intestine of rats was inhibited by large dose of diphenylhydantoin (20 mg) not by 5 mg. This fact suggests that in patients on diphenylhydantoin, the quantity balance of folic acid and diphenylhydantoin in the intestine regulates the absorption of folic acid.</p
Clinical and experimental studies on folic acid deficiency due to anticonvulsants. 2. Investigations on patients receiving anticonvulsants and experimental study on the effect of diphenylhydantoin on the absorption of folic acid in rats
No full textA high incidence of subnormal serum folic acid levels was observed in 48 patients receiving anticonvulsants (75 %). In peripheral blood, macrocytosis was detected in 46 % and an increase of hypersegmented neutrophils was also seen in 24 % of the patients. Correlation existed between these signs and low serum folate levels. The growth response of Lactobacillus casei and L. leichmannii was not suppressed by the addition of various anticonvulsants to the medium of the bioassay systems. Administration of 5 mg of folic acid for a month corrected macrocytosis and an increase of hypersegmented neutrophils significantly. Folic acid supply also decreased mean diameters of the nuclei of oral epithelial cells significantly. It is concluded that subclinical folic acid deficiency is common among the patients receiving anticonvulsants. Absorption of 3H.folic acid from the small intestine of rats was inhibited by large dose of diphenylhydantoin (20 mg) not by 5 mg. This fact suggests that in patients on diphenylhydantoin, the quantity balance of folic acid and diphenylhydantoin in the intestine regulates the absorption of folic acid.</p
Clinical and experimental studies on folic acid deficiency due to anticonvulsants. I. Clinical and nutritional study on megalobastic anemia due to anticonvulsants
No full textTwo cases of megaloblastic anemia associated with anticonvulsant drugs were studied. Both cases were inpatients of psychiatric hospitals and had quite inadequate intakes of food. The former had lung tuber.
culosis and the second had febril illness before the manifestation of anemia. Multiple examinations including bone marrow smears, serum iron levels, vitamin B12 levels, estimation of urinary formiminoglutamic acid after
histidine loading and folic acid tolerance test revealed that this anemia was due to folic acid deficiency.
Complete hematological responses were ob3erved with injection of folic acid. Retrospective nutritional study on the second case was carried out. The study revealed that folic acid content of the diet of this hospital
was 152 fl.g of free folate and 522 fl.g of total folate. The folic acid mtake of the patient was about 80 /1.g of free folate and 280 l1.g of total folate daily during a month before the manifestation of megaloblatic anemia.
Importance of additional factors for the development of megaloblastic anemia in patients receiving anticonvulsants was discussed and it was concluded that most important factor was nutritional deficiency of folic acid.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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