1,720,965 research outputs found
Effects of improvement practices and xenobiotics on soil fertility
No full textLa presente tesi di dottorato è stata suddivisa in due macro-aree strettamente correlate tra loro: pratiche per incrementare la fertilità del suolo e tecniche per ridurre l’inquinamento da xenobiotici. Il primo argomento, incentrato sulle pratiche sostenibili per migliorare la fertilità del suolo negli interfilari di vigneto, è trattato nei capitoli 3 e 4. Nello specifico, il capitolo 3 ha valutato l'impatto di due tipi di gestione degli interfilari dei vigneti biologici sulla qualità complessiva del suolo. Il suolo è stato gestito con una copertura annuale di leguminose e un inerbimento naturale permanente. Il confronto è stato effettuato con una porzione di suolo nudo (controllo negativo). In questo esperimento è stato osservato un aumento complessivo della concentrazione di C organico nei primi 40 cm di suolo in entrambi i tipi di gestione dell'interfilare. L'opzione con copertura annuale di leguminose ha mostrato i migliori risultati in termini di contenuto di HA nello strato superficiale del suolo, MBC, respirazione del suolo e attività enzimatiche correlate al ciclo dell’N. Nel Capitolo 4, gli interfilari del vigneto sono stati gestiti con trasemina annuale e con inerbimento naturale permanente. L'effetto di queste pratiche conservative sulla fertilità del suolo è stato confrontato con un suolo inerbito per 30 anni (controllo positivo). Gli effetti positivi sono stati visibili soprattutto nei primi 20 cm di suolo. La trasemina annuale ha migliorato la sostanza organica e le attività enzimatiche legate al ciclo del C e dell'N. Inoltre, questo trattamento si è avvicinato ai valori misurati nel controllo positivo per QCO2 e respirazione del suolo. Il controllo positivo ha mostrato costantemente valori significativamente più alti rispetto a tutti i suoli trattati. Sono quindi necessari più di 4 anni di sovescio per ripristinare un'adeguata fertilità del suolo. Il secondo argomento, descritto nei Capitoli 5, 6 e 7, si concentra sull'applicazione di lombrichi e dei loro prodotti per ridurre l'inquinamento del suolo e ripristinarne la salute. Nel Capitolo 5 è stata condotta una ricerca sulla tecnica di vermiremediation, applicata da sola o in combinazione con altre tecniche di biorisanamento, su suoli inquinati da contaminanti organici e/o inorganici. Nel Capitolo 6 è descritto uno studio di biorisanamento e fertilità del suolo; la vermiremediation è stata applicata tramite il lombrico E. fetida e il vermicompost in un suolo contaminato da clorpirifos. L'applicazione di E. fetida o di vermicompost in questo esperimento non ha accelerato la degradazione del clorpirifos nel suolo. La presenza di lombrichi ha influenzato positivamente sia il MBC, sia l'attività β-glucosidasica; in entrambi i casi, l'effetto stimolante è stato più pronunciato all'aumentare della dose di clorpirifos. L'aggiunta di vermicompost ha stimolato l'attività fosfatasica sia in presenza che in assenza di clorpirifos. Nel Capitolo 7, la bonifica mediante vermirisanamento è stata applicata ad un suolo contaminato da nichel. Il lombrico E. fetida e il vermicompost sono stati utilizzati da soli o in combinazione per testarne la capacità di bonifica e gli effetti sulla comunità microbica. Gli agenti di vermiremediation, da soli o in combinazione, non hanno ridotto il contenuto totale di Ni nel suolo; tuttavia, i lombrichi hanno aumentato sia il Ni solubile che la frazione di Ni biodisponibile. Il MBC e l'attività della fosfatasi alcalina sono stati migliorati in misura maggiore dal trattamento combinato, Il trattamento combinato si è dimostrato il più efficace, sia nello stabilizzare il Ni disponibile nel suolo sia nel migliorare la salute generale della comunità microbica.This PhD thesis has been divided into two topics and has focused primarily on techniques to improve soil health by increasing fertility and reducing contamination. The first topic, which focuses on sustainable practices to increase soil fertility in vineyard inter-row areas, is described in Chapters 3 and 4. Specifically, Chapter 3 examined the impact of two types of sustainable management of organic vineyard interrows on overall soil quality. The soil was managed with an annual legume cover crop (Trifolium alexandrinum) and a permanent meadow. The comparison was made with a portion of bare soil used as a negative control. In this experiment, an overall increase in organic carbon concentration in the 40 cm soil layer was observed compared to uncultivated soil in both types of inter-row management. The option with annual legume cover showed the best results for humic acid content in the topsoil, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and enzymatic activities related to the N cycle. The results indicated that managing vineyard interrows with cover crops can improve overall soil fertility. In Chapter 4, the vineyard inter-rows were managed with annual overseeding with a mixture of barley and field beans and with permanent grassing based on spontaneous species. The effect of these conservation practices on soil fertility was evaluated and compared with a positive control grassed and undisturbed for 30 years. The effects of cover cropping were primarily visible in the top 20 cm of soil. Annual overseeding improved organic matter and enzymatic activities related to the C cycle (FDA hydrolysis and β-glucosidase) and the N cycle (β-glucosaminidase). Furthermore, this treatment was close to the values measured in the positive control for QCO2 and for soil respiration. The positive control consistently showed significantly higher values than all treated soils. More than 4 years of cover cropping are necessary to restore adequate soil fertility. The second topic, described in Chapters 5, 6, and 7, focuses on the application of earthworms and their products to reduce soil pollution and increase and restore soil health. In Chapter 5, a systematic review was conducted on the vermiremediation technique, applied alone or in combination with other bioremediation techniques, on soils polluted by organic and inorganic contaminants. A bioremediation and soil fertility study is described in Chapter 6; vermiremediation was applied using the earthworm Eisenia fetida and its derived vermicompost in soil contaminated with chlorpyrifos, an organic insecticide. Analyses were conducted to assess the effect of vermiremediation on chlorpyrifos content in soil and soil microbial fertility. The application of E. fetida or vermicompost in this experiment did not accelerate chlorpyrifos degradation in the soil. The presence of earthworms positively influenced both microbial biomass carbon and β-glucosidase activity; in both cases, the stimulating effect was more pronounced as the chlorpyrifos dose increased. The addition of vermicompost significantly stimulated phosphatase activity both in the presence and absence of the insecticide. In Chapter 7, vermiremediation was applied to soil contaminated by the inorganic contaminant nickel. The earthworm E. fetida and its derivative vermicompost were used alone or in combination to test their remediation capacity and the effects on the microbial community. The vermiremediation agents, applied alone or in combination, did not reduce the total Ni content in the soil; however, earthworms increased both soluble Ni and the bioavailable Ni fraction. The microbial biomass carbon and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were improved to a greater extent by the combined treatment, whereas earthworms alone increased β-glucosaminidase activity. The combined treatment of E. fetida and vermicompost proved to be the most effective, both in stabilising soil-available Ni and in enhancing overall microbial community health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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