100,624 research outputs found
The tadic decision and its implications for the law of war crimes. a study of judicial and prosecutorial method.
No full textThis thesis focuses on the criminalisation in international law of violations of international humanitarian law committed in internal armed conflict. The ICTY Appeals Chamber Decision on Jurisdiction in the Tadic case is analysed. The Decision confirms the customary development of the law of war crimes to include the criminality in international law of offences committed in internal armed conflict. Thus the emphasis is on proceedings before the Ad Hoc International Tribunals. The thesis describes the customary development of the law of war crimes by highlighting the method employed by Judges and the Prosecutor to allow for the maximum reach of the law. A major limitation they have encountered is that, though offences in internal conflict now entail individual criminal responsibility in international law, the disparate treatment of violations in internal conflicts versus violations in international conflicts has not been superseded. This treatment has consequences for the elements of the definition of war crimes: the character of the conflict remains an element of the crime even though it is indifferent to moral fault. In this connection, the strategies employed by the Prosecutor to avoid engaging in contentious and lengthy conflict classification are reviewed. The disparate treatment of violations in internal and international conflicts is traced to the 'two-box' approach to international humanitarian law, which in turn stems from states' choice to be less restricted in their conduct in an internal armed conflict than they would be in an international conflict. This work recognises the limits posed by the law as it stands today: the recurrent theme throughout the thesis is the paramount importance of the principle of non retroactive application of criminal law
La "metafísica" de Kelsen o Ljubomir Tadic "corrige" a Hans Kelsen
No full textEl connotado profesor de la Universidad de Belgrado, señor Ljubomir Tadic, ha escrito un polémico ensayo en el cual analiza las relaciones poco amistosas que han existido a lo largo de más de cincuenta años entre Kelsen y el Marxismo, deteniéndose especialmente en algunos tópicos de la Teoría Pura del Derecho (T. P. D.). Estas notas pretenden ser un comentario crítico de los diversos asertos que Tadic dirige contra la T.P.D. y su fundador; por lo mismo tienen un carácter algo rígido, ya que buscan examinar exhaustivamente los argumentos allí expuestos; perdone el lector lo fatigoso que pueda resultar este escrito, riesgo que por lo demás es insalvable debido a que la naturaleza misma del trabajo exige constantes citas del texto comentado y de algunos otros. (…
La "metafísica" de Kelsen o Ljubomir Tadic "corrige" a Hans Kelsen
No full textEl connotado profesor de la Universidad de Belgrado, señor Ljubomir Tadic, ha escrito un polémico ensayo en el cual analiza las relaciones poco amistosas que han existido a lo largo de más de cincuenta años entre Kelsen y el Marxismo, deteniéndose especialmente en algunos tópicos de la Teoría Pura del Derecho (T. P. D.).
Estas notas pretenden ser un comentario crítico de los diversos asertos que Tadic dirige contra la T.P.D. y su fundador; por lo mismo tienen un carácter algo rígido, ya que buscan examinar exhaustivamente los argumentos allí expuestos; perdone el lector lo fatigoso que pueda resultar este escrito, riesgo que por lo demás es insalvable debido a que la naturaleza misma del trabajo exige constantes citas del texto comentado y de algunos otros
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Research Data for Laparoscopic approach in the treatment of splenic angiolipomatous hamartoma: the first report of a case
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605231153767 for Laparoscopic approach in the treatment of splenic angiolipomatous hamartoma: the first report of a case by Vladimir M. Milosavljevic, Boris S. Tadic, Nikola M. Grubor, Milica D. Mitrovic, Miljan S. Ceranic, Borislav L. Toskovic and Tatjana T. Terzic in Journal of International Medical Research</p
On the family of elliptic curves Y^2=X^3-T^2X+1
No full textLet E be the elliptic curve over Q(T) given by the equation
E:Y2=X3-T2X+1.
We prove that the torsion subgroup of the group E(C(T)) is trivial, rankQ(T)(E)=3 and rankC(T)(E)=4. We find a parametrization of E of rank at least four over the function field Q(a,i,s,n,k) where s2=i3-a2i. From this we get a family of rank ≥ 5 over the field of rational functions in two variables and a family of rank ≥ 6 over an elliptic curve of positive rank. We also found particular elliptic curves with rank ≥ 11
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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