305,522 research outputs found
The tadic decision and its implications for the law of war crimes. a study of judicial and prosecutorial method.
No full textThis thesis focuses on the criminalisation in international law of violations of international humanitarian law committed in internal armed conflict. The ICTY Appeals Chamber Decision on Jurisdiction in the Tadic case is analysed. The Decision confirms the customary development of the law of war crimes to include the criminality in international law of offences committed in internal armed conflict. Thus the emphasis is on proceedings before the Ad Hoc International Tribunals. The thesis describes the customary development of the law of war crimes by highlighting the method employed by Judges and the Prosecutor to allow for the maximum reach of the law. A major limitation they have encountered is that, though offences in internal conflict now entail individual criminal responsibility in international law, the disparate treatment of violations in internal conflicts versus violations in international conflicts has not been superseded. This treatment has consequences for the elements of the definition of war crimes: the character of the conflict remains an element of the crime even though it is indifferent to moral fault. In this connection, the strategies employed by the Prosecutor to avoid engaging in contentious and lengthy conflict classification are reviewed. The disparate treatment of violations in internal and international conflicts is traced to the 'two-box' approach to international humanitarian law, which in turn stems from states' choice to be less restricted in their conduct in an internal armed conflict than they would be in an international conflict. This work recognises the limits posed by the law as it stands today: the recurrent theme throughout the thesis is the paramount importance of the principle of non retroactive application of criminal law
The Likely Legacies Of Tadic
No full textHow will historians and others judge the Balkan war crimes tribunal? In my brief time, I would like to indicate how the prosecution of Tadic, the first case before that tribunal, has raised some doubts about that body\u27s legitimacy and likely legacy
TaDIC como objeto experimental
No full textEste libro está sujeto a una licencia CC BY-NC-SA 4.0El libro documenta la experiencia ddel Taller de Diseño e Innovación Comunitaria (TaDIC) celebrado en Tumaco (Colombia) en agosto de 2019. El TaDIC se organizó a partir de tres motivaciones primordiales pueden resumirse en pocas palabras: la primera era crear un espacio de diseño participativo con comunidades excluidas del proceso de ideación de sus propios futuros; la segunda, consistía en ofrecer un diplomado oficial donde los participantes aprenderían los rudimentos del design thinking y la metodología que llamamos ciclo de diseño; y con la tercera se quería favorecer una experiencia colaborativa, afectiva y experimental basada en la cultura del prototipado. Se trataba entonces de experimentar con herramientas, técnicas y conceptuales, capaces de superar los hábitos del asistencialismo benevolente y del solucionismo tecnológico.Peer reviewe
CC/PIO/190-E Tadic Case: The Verdict
No full textPress release announcing the verdict in the case Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, case number IT-94-1https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/documents_780/1280/thumbnail.jp
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Eficacia de insecticidas en el control de Pentatómidos plaga en soja e impacto sobre organismos benéficos
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Factores locales y de paisaje determinantes de la abundancia y riqueza de insectos plaga y artrópodos predadores en soja Bt y no Bt
No full textLos paisajes agropecuarios del bioma Pampas y Campos se modificaron considerablemente debido a la expansión de los cultivos anuales sobre zonas no cultivadas, la siembra de soja y la adopción de variedades resistentes a lepidópteros (tecnología Bt). Estos cambios en el paisaje tienen un gran impacto sobre los artrópodos predadores y fitófagos, poco estudiados en Uruguay. En esta tesis se evaluó: a) el efecto de la composición de la cobertura vegetal (factor del paisaje), de la tecnología Bt (variedades que expresan la proteína Cry1Ac) y de los márgenes de chacra (factores locales) en la abundancia de las principales especies plaga y predadoras del cultivo de soja; b) el rol de las áreas refugio (soja no Bt) en la determinación de la abundancia y riqueza de artrópodos predadores en soja Bt, y c) el efecto de la proteína Cry1Ac sobre la biología, reproducción y comportamiento alimenticio de Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). En el litoral norte uruguayo, durante dos años, se muestrearon artrópodos predadores e insectos plaga en 90 chacras comerciales de soja no Bt, Bt y refugios. Se evaluaron los parámetros biológicos y reproductivos de P. guildinii alimentada con soja Bt y su posible efecto en el comportamiento alimenticio, utilizando la técnica de gráfico de penetración eléctrica. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron: a) i. la soja Bt presentó menor abundancia de lepidópteros, pero esto no afectó la abundancia de predadores; ii. la abundancia de predadores en soja se relacionó negativamente con la proporción de dicho cultivo en el paisaje, pero positivamente con el campo natural y otros cultivos anuales, iii. la asociación entre la abundancia de predadores en los márgenes y dentro de la chacra de soja fue positiva; b) la abundancia y riqueza de predadores en soja Bt se asoció positivamente con los valores registrados en los refugios, evidenciando por primera vez el rol de estas áreas en la conservación de la fauna benéfica, y c) los parámetros biológicos, reproductivos y el hábito alimenticio de P. guildinii no se afectaron por la ingesta de la proteína Cry1Ac. Los resultados obtenidos aportan posibilidades de intensificación ecológica al diseño de los sistemas productivos nacionales y regionales, mediante un manejo de plagas abordado desde la óptica del paisaje
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Dominantnost jezika dvojezicnih govornika talijanskog I hrvatskog jezika [Language dominance in bilingual speakers of Italian and Croatian language]
No full textBecause of the high variability in any bilingual population, it is of a great importance to control for language dominance in both research and language assessment. This control is crucial in research in order to form unified groups of participants according to language dominance. In the language assessment of bilingual children, determining language dominance should be a priority. Children exposed to two languages from an early age may acquire them at a slower rate when compared to their monolingual piers. While this lag is hardly noticeable in some children, for others it is significant. Without knowledge about the child’s language skills in the other, non-assessed language, it is impossible to determine if the results of language assessment point to the dominance of one language over another or general language difficulties. In bilingual areas of Croatia, such as Rijeka and Istria, this can be quite a challenge. While language dominance has generally been measured using a large number of different methods, there is no universally accepted procedure. This research uses the results of the Italian and Croatian versions of the TROG test to determine language dominance. Participants were 56 preschool-aged children attending kindergartens with an Italian language programme in Rijeka and Istria. Participants were preselected by their kindergarten teachers as children that might be balanced bilinguals. Using the differences in results between both TROG tests, approximately 70% of children were placed in a balanced bilinguals group. No differences were shown between groups of participants from Rijeka and Istria
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