1,720,992 research outputs found
Surgical And Chemical Castration Induce Differential Histological Response In Prostate Lobes Of Mongolian Gerbil
No full textThe present study describes the short-term alterations in the prostate ventral and dorsal lobe of the adult Mongolian gerbil, in response to two different androgen suppression approaches. Groups (n = 6) of 16-week-old gerbils were maintained intact or subjected, either to the bilateral surgical castration 1 week previously or to daily subcutaneous injections of Flutamide (10 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. The main microscopic features of both prostate lobes in these groups were compared using conventional paraffin tissue sections, measurements of acinar epithelial height and stereological data of main gland components (acini, collagen fibers and fibromuscular stroma). Marked alterations were observed in the basement membrane of the ventral lobe after both surgical and chemical castration, such as an increase in thickness and collagen staining. A low degree of epithelial atrophy was detected in the dorsal lobe following both androgen suppression approaches in comparison with that found in the ventral lobe, indicating that this lobe is not so responsive to testosterone ablation induced by castration or Flutamide treatment, at least insofar as secretory activity is concerned. However, the dorsal lobe exhibited marked stromal modification, such as an increase in collagen fibers following castration and an increase in fibromuscular stroma following Flutamide-treatment. Thus, the histological and quantitative data indicates a differential short-term response of the prostate dorsal lobe to surgical castration and Flutamide therapy, suggesting the existence of lobe-specific mechanisms for stromal remodeling. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.383231236Antoniolli, E., Della-Colleta, H.H., Carvalho, H.F., Smooth muscle cell behavior in the ventral prostate of castrated rats (2004) J. Androl., 25, pp. 50-56Banerjee, P.P., Banerjee, S., Dorsey, R., Zirkin, B.R., Brown, T.R., Age and lobe-specific responses of brown Norway rat prostate to androgen (1994) Biol. Reprod., 51, pp. 675-684Banerjee, P.P., Banerjee, S., Lay, J.M., Strandberg, J.D., Zirkin, B.R., Age-dependent and lobe-specific spontaneous hyperplasia in the brown Norway rat prostate (1998) Biol. Reprod., 59, pp. 1163-1170Banerjee, P.P., Banerjee, S., Tilly, K.I., Tilly, J.L., Brown, T.R., Zirkin, B.R., Lobe-specific apoptotic cell death in rat prostate after androgen ablation by castration (1995) Endocrinology, 136, pp. 4368-4376Carvalho, H.F., Line, S.R.P., Basement membrane associated changes in the rat ventral prostate following castration (1996) Cell Biol. 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Key Participants Of The Tumor Microenvironment Of The Prostate: An Approach Of The Structural Dynamic Of Cellular Elements And Extracellular Matrix Components During Epithelial-stromal Transition
No full textCancer is a multistep process that begins with the transformation of normal epithelial cells and continues with tumor growth, stromal invasion and metastasis. The remodeling of the peritumoral environment is decisive for the onset of tumor invasiveness. This event is dependent on epithelial-stromal interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix components and reorganization of fibrillar components. Our research group has studied in a new proposed rodent model the participation of cellular and molecular components in the prostate microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression. Our group adopted the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus as an alternative experimental model for prostate cancer study. This model has presented significant responses to hormonal treatments and to development of spontaneous and induced neoplasias. The data obtained indicate reorganization of type I collagen fibers and reticular fibers, synthesis of new components such as tenascin and proteoglycans, degradation of basement membrane components and elastic fibers and increased expression of metalloproteinases. Fibroblasts that border the region, apparently participate in the stromal reaction. 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Structure, Histochemistry And Ultrastructure Of The Epithelium And Stroma In The Gerbil (meriones Unguiculatus) Female Prostate
No full textThe female prostate has aroused scientific interest because it is subjected to the same diseases compromising the male prostate during aging. The objective of this work was to characterize structurally, cytochemically, and ultrastructurally the tissue compartments of the normal adult female prostate of Memories unguiculatus gerbils. The morphological analyses showed that the gerbil's female prostate is constituted of a cluster of glands and ducts inserted in a musculofibrous stroma. The alveolar epithelium is differentiated and consisted of basal proliferating cells, intermediary cells, and secretory cells. The secretory cells are the most numerous cell type and continuously secrete glycoproteins. The basal cells are the source of the secretory cells and they are then responsible for the alveolus renovation. The prostatic stroma is abundant and rich in elastic and collagen fibers, which are closely associated with smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The results showed that the gerbil's female prostate shows morphological and ultrastructural homology to the human female prostate (Skene's gland), and despite being a small organ, it is a mature and physiologically active gland. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.356447457Behmer, O.A., Tolosa, E.M.C., Neto, A.G.F., (1976) Manual de Práticas Para Histologia Normal e Patológica, p. 239. , Edart-Edusp, São PauloCarvalho, H.F., Taboga, S.R., Vilamaior, P.S.L., Collagen type VI is a component of the extracellular matrix microfibril network of the prostatic stroma (1997) Tissue Cell, 29, pp. 163-170Carvalho, H.F., Vilamaior, P.S.L., Taboga, S.R., Elastic system of the rat ventral prostate and its modifications following orchiectomy (1997) Prostate, 32, pp. 27-34Cotta-Pereira, G., Rodrigo, F.G., David-Ferreira, J.F., The use of tannic acid-glutaraldehyde in the study of elastic related fibers (1976) Stain Technol., 51, pp. 7-11De Graaf, R., De mulierum organis generationi inservientibus. Tractatus novus demonstrans tani homines et animalia caetera omnia, quac vivipara dicuntut, haud minus quam vivipara ab ovo origenem ducere Leyden.Flamini, M.A., Barbeito, C.G., Gimeno, E.J., Portiansky, E.L., Morphological characterization of the female prostate (Skene's gland or paraurethral gland) of Lagostomus maximus maximus (2002) Ann. Anat., 184, pp. 341-345Gross, S.A., Didio, L.J.A., Comparative morphology of the prostate in adult male and female of Praomys (mastomys) natalensis studies with electron microscopy (1987) J. Submicrosc. Cytol., 19 (1), pp. 77-84Huffman, J.W., The detailed anatomy of the paraurethral ducts in the adult human female (1948) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 55, pp. 86-101Huffman, J.W., Clinical significance of the paraurethral ducts and glands (1951) Arch. Surg., 62, pp. 615-626Junqueira, L.C.U., Bignolas, G., Brentani, R., Picrossirius staining plus polarization microscopy, specific method of collagen detection in tissue section (1979) J. Histochem., 11, pp. 447-455McCrea, L.E., Malignancy of the female urethra (1952) Urol. Surv., 2, pp. 85-149McNeal, J.E., Prostate (1992) Histology for Pathologists, pp. 749-763. , Raven Press, New YorkNemeth, J.A., Lee, C., Prostatic ductal system in rats: Regional variation in stromal organization (1996) Prostate, 28, pp. 124-128Shehata, R., Female prostate in Arvicantihis niloticus and Meriones lybicus (1975) Acta Anat., 92, pp. 513-523Shehata, R., Female prostate and urethral glands in the home rat, Rattus norvegicus (1980) Acta Anat., 107, pp. 286-288Skene, A.J.C., The anatomy and pathology of two important glands of the female urethra (1880) Am. J. Obstet. Dis. Women Child, 13, pp. 265-270Sloboda, J., Zaviačič, M., Jakubovský, J., Hammar, E., Johnsen, J., Metastasizing adenocarcinoma of the female prostate (Skene's paraurethral glands). Histological and immunohistochemical prostate markers studies and first ultrastructural observation (1998) Pathol. Res. Pract., 194, pp. 129-136Taboga, S.R., Santos, F.C.A., Structural and ultrastructural characterization of the prostate in the female gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (2000) Proceedings of the I International Symposium on Extracellular Matrix, Angra dos Reis, Brazil. s A Proceedings of the International Symposium on Extracellular Matrix, p. 42Taboga, S.R., Góes, R.M., Zanetoni, C., Santos, F.C.A., Ultrastructural characterization of the secretory cells in the prostate: A comparative study between the male and female organs (2001) Acta Microsc., 3 (c), pp. 205-206Taboga, S.R., Santos, F.C.A., Corradi, L.S., Góes, R.M., A modified method for the study of elastic system in tissue sections embedded in methacrylate resin (2002) Proceedings of the II International Symposium on Extracellular Matrix, Angra dos Reis, Brazil. s A Proceedings of the International Symposium on Extracellular Matrix, p. 35Tepper, S.L., Jagirdar, J., Heath, D., Stephen, A., Geller, S.A., Homology between the female paraurethral (Skene's) glands and the prostate (1984) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 108 (5), pp. 423-425Tlsty, T.D., Stromal cells can contribute oncogenic signals (2001) Cancer Biol., 11, pp. 97-104Venable, J.H., Coggeshall, R., A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy (1965) J. Cell Biol., 25, pp. 407-408Vilamaior, P.S., Felisbino, S.L., Taboga, S.R., Carvalho, H.F., Collagen fiber reorganization in the rat ventral prostate following androgen deprivation: A possible role for smooth muscle cells (2000) Prostate, 45, pp. 245-258Watson, M.L., Staining tissue sections of electron microscopy with heavy metals (1958) J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol., 4, pp. 475-478Wernet, N., Gerdes, J., Loy, V., Seitz, G., Scherr, O., Dhom, G., Investigations of the estrogen (ER-ICA-test) and progesterone receptor in the prostate and prostatic carcinoma on immunohistochemical basis (1988) Virchows Arch., 412, pp. 387-391Wernet, N., Albrecht, M., Sesterhenn, I., Goebbels, R., Bonkhoff, H., Seitz, G., Inniger, R., Remberger, K., The "female prostate": Location, morphology, immunohistochemical characteristics and significance (1992) Eur. Urol., 22, pp. 64-69Xue, Y., Smedts, F., Verhofstad, A., Debruyne, F., De La Rosette, J., Schalken, J., Cell kinetics of prostate exocrine and neuroendocrine epithelium and their differential interrelationship: New perspectives (1998) Prostate Suppl., 8, pp. 62-73Zanetoni, C., Taboga, S.R., Age-related modifications in stromal and epithelial compartments of the male prostate of Meriones unguiculatus (2001) Acta Microsc., 3 (c), pp. 203-204Zaviačič, M., (1999) The Female Prostate: From Vestigial Skene's Paraurethral Glands and Ducts to Woman's Functional Prostate, , Slovak Academic Press, Bratislava, SlovakiaZaviačič, M., Ablin, R.J., The female prostate and prostate-specific antigen. Immunohistochemical localization, implications of this prostate marker in women and reasons for using the term "prostate" in human female (2000) Histol. 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(1997) Acta Histochem., 99 (3), pp. 267-275Zaviačič, M., Zajíčhova, M., Blaežková, J., Donárová, L., Svetoslav, S., Mikulecký, M., Zaviačič, T., Breza, J., Weight, size, macroanatomy and histology of the normal prostate in the adult human female: A mini review (2000) J. Histotechnol., 23 (1), pp. 61-69Zaviačič, M., Jakubovská, V., Belošovič, M., Breza, J., Ultrastructure of the normal adult human female prostate gland (Skene's gland) (2000) Anat. Embryol., 201 (1), pp. 51-61Zhao, G.Q., Holterhus, P.M., Dammshäuser, I., Hoffbauer, G., Aumüller, G., Estrogen-induced morphological and immunohistochemical changes in stroma and epithelium of rat ventral prostate (1992) Prostate, 21, pp. 183-19
Inhibition Of 5-α-reductase Activity Induces Stromal Remodeling And Smooth Muscle De-differentiation In Adult Gerbil Ventral Prostate
No full textProstatic differentiation during embryogenesis and its further homeostatic state maintenance during adult life depend on androgens. Dihydrotestosterone, which is synthesized from testosterone by 5α-reductase (5α-r), is the active molecule triggering androgen action within the prostate. In the present work, we examined the effects of 5α-reductase inhibition by finasteride in the ventral prostate (VP) of the adult gerbil, employing histochemical and electron microscopy techniques to demonstrate the morphological and organizational changes of the organ. After 10 days of finasteride treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, the prostatic complex (VP and dorsolateral prostate) absolute weight was reduced to about 18%. The epithelial cells became short and cuboidal, with less secretory blebs and reduced acid phosphatase activity. The luminal sectional area diminished, suggestive of decreased secretory activity. The stromal/epithelial ratio increased, the stroma becoming thicker but less cellular. There was a striking accumulation of collagen fibrils, which was accompanied by an increase in deposits of amorphous granular material adjacent to the basal lamina and in the clefts between smooth muscle cells (SMC). Additionally, the periacinar smooth muscle became loosely packed. Some SMC were atrophic and showed a denser array of the cytoskeleton, whereas other SMC had a highly irregular outline with numerous spine-like projections. The present data indicate that 5α-r inhibition causes epithelial and stromal changes by affecting intra-prostatic hormone levels. These alterations are probably the result of an imbalance of the homeostatic interaction between the epithelium and the underlying stroma. © International Society of Differentiation 2004.725198208Antonioli, E., Della-Colleta, H.H.M., Carvalho, H.F., Smooth muscle cell behavior in the ventral prostate of castrated rats (2004) J Androl, 25, pp. 50-56Aoki-Komori, S., Saito, T.R., Umeda, M., Sugiyama, M., Takahashi, K.W., Taniguchi, K., Lectin histochemical studies on the scent gland in the Syrian hamster and Mongolian gerbil (1994) Jikken Dobutsu, 43, pp. 181-190Astancolle, S., Guidetti, C., Pinna, C., Corti, A., Bettuzzi, S., Increased levels of clusterin (SGP-2) mRNA and protein accompany rat ventral prostate involution following finasteride treatment (2000) J Endocrinol, 167, pp. 197-204Berthaut, I., Mestayer, C., Portois, M.C., Cussenot, O., Mowszowicz, I., Pharmacological and molecular evidence for the expression of the two steroid 5α-reductase isozymes in normal and hyperplastic human prostatic cells in culture (1997) Prostate, 32, pp. 155-163Bleicher, R.J., Cabot, M.C., Glucosylceramide synthase and apoptosis (2002) Biochem Biophys Acta, 1585, pp. 172-178Boesch, S.T., Corvin, S., Zhang, J., Rogastsch, H., Bartsch, G., Klocker, H., Modulation of the differentiation status of cultured prostatic smooth muscle cells by an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (1999) Prostate, 39, pp. 226-233Bruchovsky, N., Wilson, J.D., Discovery of the role of dihydrotestosterone in androgen action (1999) Steroids, 64, pp. 753-759Carson, C., Rittmaster, R., The role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003) Urology, 61 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 2-7Carvalho, H.F., Line, S.R.P., Basement membrane associated chances in the rat ventral prostate following castration (1996) Cell Biol Int, 20, pp. 809-819Carvalho, H.F., Vilamaior, P.S.L., Taboga, S.R., Elastic system fibers of the rat ventral prostate and its modifications following orchiectomy (1997) Prostate, 32, pp. 27-34Carvalho, H.F., Vilamaior, P.S.L., Taboga, S.R., Collagen type VI is a component of the extracellular matrix microfibrils network of the prostatic stroma (1997) Tissue Cell, 29, pp. 163-170Cordeiro, R.S., Scarano, W.R., Goes, R.M., Taboga, S.R., Tissular alterations in the Guinea pig prostate following the antiandrogen flutamide therapy (2003) Biol Cell, 28, pp. 21-30Cotta-Pereira, G., Rodrigo, F.G., David-Ferreira, J.F., The use of tannic acid-glutaraldehyde in the study of elastic related fibers (1976) Stain Technol, 51, pp. 7-11Cunha, G.R., Hayward, S.W., Dahiya, R., Foster, B.A., Smooth muscle-epithelial interactions in normal and neoplastic prostatic development (1996) Acta Anat, 155, pp. 5-17Cunha, G.R., Hayward, S.W., Wang, Y.Z., Role of stroma in carcinogenesis of the prostate (2002) Differentiation, 70, pp. 473-485Custodio, A.M., Goes, R.M., Taboga, S.R., Acid phosphatase activity in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostate: Comparative study in female and male glands during postnatal development (2004) Cell Biol Int, 28, pp. 335-344Salle, E., Giudici, D., Biagini, L., Cominato, C., Briatto, G., Panzeri, A., Effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors on intraprostatic androgens in the rat (1995) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 53, pp. 381-385Doevendans, P.A., Van Eys, G., Smooth muscle cells on the move: The battle for actin (2002) Cardiovasc Res, 54, pp. 499-502Santos, F.A., Goes, R.M., Carvalho, H.F., Taboga, S.R., Structure, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the epithelium and stroma in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) female prostate (2003) Tissue Cell, 35, pp. 447-457Ekman, P., The prostate as an endocrine organ: Androgens and estrogens (2000) Prostate Suppl, 10, pp. 14-18Geller, J., Effects of finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor on prostate tissue androgens and prostate-specific anticen (1990) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 71, pp. 552-1555Hayward, S.W., Cunha, G.R., Dahiya, R., Normal development and carcinogenesis of the prostate. A unifying hypothesis (1996) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 784, pp. 50-62Hayward, S.W., Baskin, L.S., Haughney, P.C., Foster, B.A., Cunha, A.R., Dahiya, R., Prins, G.S., Cunha, G.R., Stromal development in the ventral prostate, anterior prostate and seminal vesicle of the rat (1996) Acta Anat, 155, pp. 94-103Hayward, S.W., Rosen, M.A., Cunha, G.R., Stromal-epithelial interactions in the normal and neoplasic prostate (1997) Br J Urol, 79 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 18-26Huynh, H., Induction of apoptosis in rat ventral prostate by finasteride is associated with alteration in MAP kinase pathways and Bcl-2 related family of proteins (2002) Int J Oncol, 20, pp. 1297-1303Jarred, R.A., Cancilla, B., Prins, G.S., Thayer, K.A., Cunha, G.R., Risbridger, G.P., Evidence that estrogens directly alter androgen-reaulated prostate development (2000) Endocrinology, 141, pp. 3471-3477Kimura, K., Markowski, M., Bowen, C., Gelmann, E.G., Androgen blocks apoptosis of hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells (2001) Cancer Res, 61, pp. 5611-5618Nakada, T., Kubota, Y., Sasaqawa, I., Suzuki, H., Watanabe, M., Suzuki, Y., The effects of oestradiol-17β on connective tissue protein in rat prostate (1994) Int Urol Nephrol, 26, pp. 327-335Nawa, Y., Horii, Y., Okada, M., Arizono, N., Histochemical and cytochemical characterization of mucosal and connective tissue mast cells of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1994) Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 104, pp. 249-254Nolan, C.C., Brown, A.W., Cavanagh, J.B., Regional variations in nerve cell responses to the trimethiltin intoxication in Moncolian cerbil (1990) Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand, 81, pp. 204-212Pinheiro, P.F.F., Almeida, C.C.D., Segatelli, T.M., Martinez, M., Padivani, C.R., Martinez, F.E., Structure of the pelvic and penile urethra-relationship with the ducts of the sex accessory glands of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (2003) J Anat, 202, pp. 431-1144Prahalada, S., Rhodes, L., Grossman, S.J., Heggan, D., Keenan, K.P., Cukiersky, M.A., Hoe, C.M., Zwieten, M.J., Morphological and hormonal changes in the ventral and dorsolateral prostatic lobes of rats treated with finasteride, a 5-α reductase inhibitor (1998) Prostate, 35, pp. 157-164Price, D., Comparative aspects of development and structure in the prostate (1963) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 12, pp. 1-27Radin, N.S., Cancer progression in the kidney and prostate: Vital roles of shingolipids in chemotherapy (2002) Urology, 60, pp. 562-568Redecker, P., Ultrastructural demonstration of neurohaemal contacts in the internal zone of the median eminence of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) correlation with synaptophysin immunohistochemistry (1991) Histochemistry, 95, pp. 503-511Reichelt, J., Doering, T., Schnetz, E., Fartach, M., Sandhoff, K., Magin, T.M., Normal ultrastructure, but altered stratum corneum lipid and protein composition in a mouse model for epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (1999) J Invest Dermatol, 113, pp. 329-334Rittmaster, R.S., Drug therapy: Finasteride (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 120-125Rittmaster, R.S., Manning, A.P., Wright, A.S., Thomas, L.N., Whitefield, S., Norman, R.W., Lazier, C.B., Rowden, G., Evidence for atrophy and apoptosis in the ventral prostate of rats given the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride (1995) Endocrinology, 136, pp. 741-748Rittmaster, R.S., Norman, R.W., Thomas, L.N., Rowden, G., Evidence for atrophy and apoptosis in the prostate of men given finasteride (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, pp. 814-819Rumpold, H., Untergasser, G., Madersbacher, S., Berger, P., The development of benign prostatic hyperplasia by trans-differentiation of prostatic stromal cells (2002) Exp Gerontol, 37, pp. 1001-1004Scarano, W.R., Cordeiro, R.S., Goes, R.M., Taboga, S.R., Intraepithelial alterations in the guinea pig lateral prostate at different ages after estradiol treatment (2004) J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 36. , in pressShibata, Y., Fukabori, Y., Ito, K., Suzuki, K., Yamanaka, H., Comparison of histological compositions and apoptosis in canine spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with androgen suppressive agents chlormadinone acetate and finasteride (2001) J Urol, 165, pp. 289-293Sirinarumitr, K., Johnston, S.D., Kustritz, M.V., Johnston, G.R., Sarkar, D.K., Memon, M.A., Effects of finasteride on size of the prostate gland and semen quality in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2001) J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218, pp. 1275-1279Spangler, E.L., Hengemihle, J., Blank, G., Speer, D.L., Brozozowski, S., Patel, N., Ingram, D.K., An assessment of behavioral aging in the Mongolian gerbil (1997) Exp Gerontol, 32, pp. 707-717Steers, W., 5α-reductase activity in the prostate (2001) Urology, 58 (SUPPL. 6A), pp. 17-24Taboga, S.R., Vidal, B.C., Collagen fibres in human prostatic lesions: Histochemistry and anisotropies (2003) J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol, 35, pp. 1-6Tenniswood, M., Bird, C.E., Clark, A.F., Acid phosphatases: Androaen dependent markers of rat prostate (1976) Can J Biochem, 54, pp. 350-357Vilamaior, P.S.L., Felisbino, S.L., Taboga, S.R., Carvalho, H.F., Collagen fiber reorganization in the rat ventral prostate following androgen deprivation: A possible role for smooth muscle cells (2000) Prostate, 45, pp. 253-258Weibel, E.R., Principles and methods for the morphometric study of the lung and other organs (1978) Lab Invest, 12, pp. 131-155Williams, W.M., (1974) The Anatomy of the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus), , West Brookfield, MA: Tumblebrook Farm, IncWong, Y.C., Tam, N.N.C., Dedifferentiation of stromal smooth muscle as a factor in prostate carcinogenesis (2002) Differentiation, 70, pp. 633-645Zhao, G.Q., Holterhus, P.M., Dammshäuser, I., Hofbauer, G., Aumüller, G., Estrogen-induced morphological and immunohistochemical changes in stroma and epithelium of rat ventral prostate (1992) Prostate, 21, pp. 183-19
Collagen Fibers In Human Prostatic Lesions: Histochemistry And Anisotropies
No full textThe present study focuses on establishing patterns of collagen fibers distribution in prostatic nodular hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas, in comparison with the normal tissue. Sections of prostatic transurethral resection were subjected to Gömöri's method for collagen fibers and reticulin and analyzed under ordinary and polarized light microscopy. Controls and hyperplastic regions present collagen fibers with variable thickness that run in different directions, establishing a tridimensional network. These fibers exhibit birefringence and dichroism thus demonstrating their fibrillar integrity. On the other hand, increased variability in collagen fiber distribution and anisotropical properties occur in adenocarcinomas evaluated in accordance with the Gleason's score. In some of their areas, a well-defined collagen network delimitates the base of transformed epithelial cells whereas in other areas the collagen fibers are disorganized and do not establish a boundary between the epithelial structures and the stroma. In these areas, collagen is found in the stroma. It was also observed that adenocarcinoma tumor cells rest on a scaffold of thin and dendritic collagen fibers. Collagen fibers of the prostatic stroma of the adenocarcinomas may show a modification in arrangement and fibrillar compactness. In prostatic nodular hyperplasia, there is no change in collagen molecular integrity, since collagen affinity for silver and collagen birefringence are similar to controls. In adenocarcinoma with high dedifferentiation degree, thin and branched strongly argyrophilic and birefringent collagen fibers are detected in regions of cell proliferation. 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Epithelial-stromal Transition Of Mmp-7 Immunolocalization In The Rat Ventral Prostate Following Bilateral Orchiectomy
No full textEpithelial cells from involuting rat ventral prostate (VP) express Matrilysin (MMP-7) mRNA. Herein, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the MMP-7 protein location and its association with tissue changes following castration in the VP. Normal and castrated adult male Wistar rats were sacrificed at different times after surgery. VP was examined by immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation. Castration promoted a shrinking of prostate ducts with an extensive stromal remodeling. In the VP from normal rats, MMP-7 immunoreactivity was found in epithelial secretory granules. Three days after castration, immunostaining for MMP-7 was found in both the epithelial secretory granules and in the stroma just below the epithelium, mainly at the distal ductal tips. At seven and 21 days after castration, the immunostaining for MMP-7 was found only in the stromal space. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the specificity of the primary antibody by rescuing a pro-enzyme form (28 kDa) in the prostate extracts. The present results suggest that MMP-7 participates in the epithelial-stromal interface remodeling of the ventral prostate during the involution achieved by castration, probably in the degradation of components of the epithelial basement membrane. © 2007 International Federation for Cell Biology.311011731178Andreasen, P.A., Kristensen, P., Lund, L.R., Dano, K., Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is increased in the involuting ventral prostate of castrated rats (1990) Endocrinology, 126, pp. 2567-2576Antonioli, E., Della-Colleta, H.H., Carvalho, H.F., Smooth muscle cell behavior in the ventral prostate of castrated rats (2004) J Androl, 25, pp. 50-56Banerjee, P.P., Banerjee, S., Tilly, K.I., Tilly, J.L., Brown, T.R., Zirkin, B.R., Lobe-specific apoptotic cell death in rat prostate after androgen ablation by castration (1995) Endocrinology, 136, pp. 4368-4376Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal Biochem, 72, pp. 248-254Carvalho, H.F., Line, S.R.P., Basement membrane associated changes in the rat ventral prostate following castration (1996) Cell Biol Int, 20, pp. 809-819Carvalho, H.F., Vilamaior, P.S., Taboga, S.R., Elastic system of the rat ventral prostate and its modifications following orchiectomy (1997) Prostate, 32, pp. 27-34Geisler, S., Lichtinghagen, R., Boker, K.H., Veh, R.W., Differential distribution of five members of the matrix metalloproteinase family and one inhibitor (TIMP-1) in human liver and skin (1997) Cell Tissue Res, 289, pp. 173-183Haro, H., Crawford, H.C., Fingleton, B., Shinomiya, K., Spengler, D.M., Matrisian, L.M., Matrix metalloproteinase-7-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a model of herniated disc resorption (2000) J Clin Invest, 105, pp. 143-150Hashimoto, K., Kihira, Y., Matuo, Y., Usui, T., Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human prostate (1998) J Urol, 160, pp. 1872-1876Ilio, K.Y., Nemeth, J.A., Sensibar, J.A., Lang, S., Lee, C., Prostatic ductal system in rats: changes in regional distribution of extracellular matrix proteins during castration-induced regression (2000) Prostate, 43, pp. 3-10Imai, K., Hiramatsu, A., Fukushima, D., Pierschbacher, M.D., Okada, Y., Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases: identification of the cleavage sites, kinetic analyses and transforming growth factor-beta1 release (1997) Biochem J, 322, pp. 809-814Knox, J.D., Wolf, C., McDaniel, K., Clark, V., Loriot, M., Bowden, G.T., Matrilysin expression in human prostate carcinoma (1996) Mol Carcinog, 15, pp. 57-63Kwong, J., Choi, H.L., Huang, Y., Chan, F.L., Ultrastructural and biochemical observations on the early changes in apoptotic epithelial cells of the rat prostate induced by castration (1999) Cell Tissue Res, 298, pp. 123-136Kyprianou, N., Isaacs, J.T., Activation of programmed cell death in the rat ventral prostate after castration (1988) Endocrinology, 122, pp. 552-562Lee, C., Role of androgen in prostate growth and regression: stromal-epithelial interaction (1996) Prostate, 6, pp. 52-56Lee, C., Sensibar, J.A., Dudek, S.M., Hiipakka, R.A., Liao, S., Prostatic ductal system in rats: regional variation in morphological and functional activities (1990) Biol Reprod, 43, pp. 1079-1086Lynch, C.C., Hikosaka, A., Acuff, H.B., Martin, M.D., Kawai, N., Singh, R.K., MMP-7 promotes prostate cancer-induced osteolysis via the solubilization of RANKL (2005) Cancer Cell, 7, pp. 485-496Marcotte, P.A., Kozan, I.M., Dorwin, S.A., Ryan, J.M., The matrix metalloproteinases Pump-1 catalyzes formation of low molecular weight (pro)urokinase in culture of normal human kidney cells (1992) J Biol Chem, 267, pp. 13803-13806Marker, P.C., Donjacour, A.A., Dahiya, R., Cunha, G.R., Hormonal, cellular, and molecular control of prostatic development (2003) Dev Biol, 253, pp. 165-174Matrisian, L.M., The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (1992) Bioessays, 14, pp. 455-463McCawley, L.J., Matrisian, L.M., Matrix metalloproteinases: they're not just for matrix anymore! 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Androgen Receptor In The Mongolian Gerbil Ventral Prostate: Evaluation During Different Phases Of Postnatal Development And Following Androgen Blockage
No full textThe normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of the morphofunctional integrity of the prostate gland are dependent on the interaction of constant levels of androgens with their receptors. The need to study the responses to hormones under several conditions and the effect of their blockage is due to the fact that the human prostate is the site of a great number of age-related diseases, and the ones with a major medical importance are prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which can both be treated with androgen suppression. Seventy-five male gerbils were divided, randomly, into 3 groups of 25 animals each, where each group corresponded to one phase of postnatal development. In each phase, it was possible to morphologically and stereologically analyze the compartments of prostatic ventral lobe, as well as to immunohistochemically analyze the degree of expression of androgen receptors (ARs) after the androgen blockage therapies. In addition, it was possible to establish the hormonal dosage of serum testosterone levels given the comparative approach of the expression of androgen receptors. There is a pattern of AR distribution in the prostatic ventral lobe throughout postnatal development, in which the younger the animal is the higher, the interaction of circulating androgens that stimulate the AR expression in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. The androgen blockage therapies decreased AR expression in the prostatic compartments, but the androgen reposition after these blockages was not sufficient to recover the glandular structure or stimulate the AR expression up to normal physiological conditions. Both the regulation and distribution of androgen receptors along the gerbil prostatic tissues are complex mechanisms that are likely to be genetically regulated by androgens prenatally or by other factors that are still unknown. 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Anatomy Of Smooth Muscle Cells In Nonmalignant And Malignant Human Prostate Tissue
No full textDifferently graded areas of human prostate adenocarcinoma were examined after Masson's trichrome staining or immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle alpha-actin, type IV collagen and laminin. In addition, the ultrastructure of the prostatic smooth muscle cells (SMC) during glandular proliferation and epithelial invasion in selected tumors was studied. The SMC formed a thick layer below the epithelial structures in unaffected areas and were closely associated with each other in homotypic interactions. As the tumor grade increased, the SMC gradually lost interactions with each other and became atrophic. With the growth of the epithelial compartment, the SMC initially segregated to the tumor periphery and the intercellular spaces increased. In high grade tumors, the epithelial cancer cells invaded the spaces between the SMC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the basal membrane revealed increased disruption of the usually thick basal membrane, which became thinner and faintly stained with each of the antibodies used. We conclude that most SMC become atrophic following epithelial invasion in human tumors and that degradation of the basal membrane is an important factor in this process. At the ultrastructural level, different SMC phenotypes occur in prostatic tissues during epithelial invasion. Interconversion between these phenotypes is suggested and a probable relationship among them is proposed. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.291911151123Antonioli, E., Della-Colleta, H.H., Carvalho, H.F., Smooth muscle cell behavior in the ventral prostate of castrated rats (2004) J Androl, 25, pp. 50-56Antonioli, E., Cardoso, A.B., Carvalho, H.F., Effects of long term castration on the smooth muscle cell phenotype of the rat ventral prostate (2007) J Androl, 28, pp. 777-783Bonkhoff, H., Role of the basal cells in premalignant changes of the human prostate: A stem cell concept for the development of prostate cancer (1996) Eur Urol, 30, pp. 201-205Bonkhoff, H., Analytical molecular pathology of epithelial-stromal interactions in the normal and neoplastic prostate (1998) Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 20, pp. 437-442Brueenger, A., Bartsch, G., Hollinger, B.E., Holly, B., Rohr, H.P., Smooth muscle cell of the canine prostate in spontaneous benign hyperplasia, and steroid-induced hyperplasia in estrogen or tamoxifen-treated dogs (1983) J Urol, 130, pp. 1208-1210Condon, M.S., Bosland, M.C., The role of stromal cells in prostate cancer development and progression (1999) In Vivo, 13, pp. 61-65Cotta-Pereira, G., Rodrigo, F.G., David-Ferreira, J.F., The use of tannic acid-glutaraldehyde in the study of elastic fibers (1976) Stain Technol, 5, pp. 7-11Cunha, G.R., Hayard, S.W., Dahiya, R., Foster, B.A., Smooth muscle-epithelial interactions in normal and neoplastic prostatic development (1996) Acta Anat, 155, pp. 63-72Davies, P., Eaton, C.L., Regulation of prostate growth (1991) J Endocrinol, 131, pp. 5-17Dehan, P., Waltregny, D., Beschin, A., Noel, A., Castranova, V., Tryggvason, K., De Leval, J., Foidart, J.M., Loss of type IV collagen a5 and a6 chains in human invasive prostate carcinomas (1997) Am J Pathol, 151, pp. 1097-1104Epstein, J.I., (1995) Prostate biopsy interpretation, , Philadelphia: Lipincott-Raven 288 pFamsworth, W.E., Prostate stroma: Physiology (1999) Prostate, 38, pp. 60-72Folkman, J., Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other diseases (1995) Nat Med, 1, pp. 27-31Franck, L.I., Stattin, P., Damber, J.E., Bergh, A., Vascular density is a predictor of cancer-specific survival in prostativ carcinoma (1997) Prostate, 33, pp. 38-45Giri, D., Ropiquet, F., Ittmann, M., FGF9 is an autocrine and paracrine prostatic growth factor expressed by prostatic stromal cells (1999) J Cell Physiol, 180, pp. 53-60Gleason, D.F., (1977) Histologic grading and clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma: Urologic pathology: the prostate, pp. 171-197. , Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. pHao, J., Yang, Y., McDaniel, K.M., Dalkin, B.L., Cress, A.E., Nagle, R.B., Differential expression of laminin 5 (a3p3y2) by human malignant and normal prostate (1996) Am J Pathol, 149, pp. 1341-1349Kalluri, R., Zeisberg, M., Fibroblasts in cancer (2006) Nat Rev Cancer, 6, pp. 392-401Leblond, C.P., Inoue, S., Structure, composition, and assembly of basement membrane (1989) Am J Anat, 185, pp. 367-390Nagle, R.B., Hao, J., Know, J.D., Dalkin, B.L., dark, V., Cress, A.E., Expression of hemidesmosomal and extracellular matrix proteins by normal and malignant human prostate tissue (1994) Am J Pathol, 146, pp. 1498-1507Nemeth, J.A., Lee, C., Prostatic ductal system in rats: Regional variation in stroma organization (1996) Prostate, 28, pp. 124-128Nemeth, J.A., Sensibar, J.A., White, R.R., Zeiner, D.J., Kim, I.Y., Lee, C., Prostatic ductal system in rats: Tissue-specific expression and regional variation in stromal distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (1997) Prostate, 33, pp. 64-71Netter, F.H., Reproductive systems (1965) The Ciba collection of medical illustration, pp. 124-128. , New York: CIBA. pOkada, H., Tsubura, A., Okamura, A., Senzaki, H., Naka, Y., Komatz, Y., Morii, S., Keratin profiles in normal/hyperplastic prostates and prostate carcinoma (1992) Virchows Arch A, 421, pp. 157-161Plug, M., Kopf-Maier, P., The basement membrane and its involvement in carcinoma cell invasion (1995) Acta Anat, 152, pp. 69-84Tremblay, G., Stromal aspects of breast carcinoma (1979) Exp Mol Pathol, 31, pp. 248-260Tuxhorn, J.A., Ayala, G.E., Smith, M.J., Smith, V.C., Dang, T.D., Rowley, D.R., Reactive stroma in human prostate cancer: Induction of myofibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix remodeling (2002) Clin Cancer Res, 8, pp. 2912-2923van den Hooff, A., Stromal involvement in malignant growth (1981) Adv Cancer Res, 50, pp. 159-196Vilamaior, P.S.L., Felibisno, S.L., Taboga, S.R., Carvalho, H.F., Collagen fiber reorganization in the rat ventral prostate following androgen deprivation: A possible role for the smooth muscle cells (2000) Prostate, 45, pp. 253-258Vilamaior, P.S., Taboga, S.R., Carvalho, H.F., Modulation of smooth muscle cell function: Morphological evidence for a contractile to synthetic transition in the rat ventral prostate after castration (2005) Cell Biol Int, 29, pp. 809-81
Microscopic Evaluation Of Proliferative Disorders In The Gerbil Female Prostate: Evidence Of Aging And The Influence Of Multiple Pregnancies
No full textThe gerbil female prostate is located paraurethrally and has all the histological components of the male prostate, like secretor epithelium and fibromuscular stroma. This gland, like the prostate in males, is targeted by testosterone action, which promotes morphofunctional development. Furthermore, estrogens are required to maintain the male and female prostate and this gland presents both estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β). In the present work the structural and morphometric-stereological and serological aspects, as well as the quantification of the incidence, multiplicity and percentage of acini affected by different lesions were analyzed. Animals were divided into four groups: five adult nuliparous (AN) gerbils; five adult multiparous (AM) gerbils; five senescent nulliparous (SN) gerbils; five senescent multiparous (SM) gerbils, and were weighed and sacrificed by CO2 inhalation. 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