1,720,970 research outputs found
From Undetectable Equals Untransmittable (U=U) to Breastfeeding: Is the Jump Short?
Get PDFBackground: Vertical transmission of HIV infection may occur during pregnancy, at
childbirth or through breastfeeding. Recommendations on the safety of breastfeeding of HIV infected women on effective antiretroviral treatment are not univocal among international guidelines (WHO 2010, EACS 2017, DHHS 2017), leaving space for variability at the patient’s level. Methods: We collected clinical, laboratory and outcome data from 13 HIV-infected pregnant women who, between March 2017 and June 2021, elected to breastfeed their children against specific medical advice. All mothers were on antiretroviral therapy with darunavir or raltegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil and remained HIV-RNA undetectable and >400 cells/mmc CD4+ lymphocytes during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Prophylactic antiretroviral therapy (zidovudine for 4 weeks) was started immediately after birth in all newborns. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 5.4 months.
Newborns were tested for HIV-RNA multiple times: at birth, 1, 3, and 6 months after birth, and 1, 3 and 6 months after the end of breastfeeding. Results: None of the infants were infected by HIV. Conclusions: Our experience, gathered in the setting of freedom of choice on the patient’s side, while insufficient to address the eventual safety of breastfeeding in HIV-infected mothers since the represented cohort is numerically irrelevant, supports the extension of the U=U (Undetectable Equals Untransmittable) paradigm to this setting. Since breastfeeding is often requested by women with HIV planning pregnancy, more extensive comparative studies should be performed
"Equità sanitaria e giustizia sociale: il modello dello Sportello Sociale per un Ospedale senza barriere"
Get PDFThe article examines the model of the Social Desk for Human Rights at the Di Cristina Benfratelli Civic Hospital in Palermo, an innovative initiative aimed at promoting health equity and social justice for vulnerable populations, particularly migrants. Through a holistic approach combining healthcare, linguistic-cultural mediation, and social support, the Desk facilitates access to health services and fundamental rights, overcoming linguistic, cultural, and bureaucratic barriers. The model draws on theories such as Amartya Sen's capability approach and John Rawls' principles of social justice, demonstrating how integrated interventions can reduce inequalities and foster inclusion. The article highlights the importance of beneficiary empowerment and proposes extending this approach to the entire healthcare system to create a "barrier-free hospital"
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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