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TRAUMA TORACICO
Full text linkIl trauma continua ad essere un grave problema di sanità pubblica in tutto il mondo in
quanto è associato ad alta morbilità e mortalità sia nei paesi sviluppati che in via di sviluppo.
È anche riferito di essere la principale causa di morte, ospedalizzazione e disabilità
permanente nei primi quattro decenni di vita [1]. Esso rappresenta una delle condizioni
mediche più improvvise, drammatiche e spesso irreversibili
Thoracic trauma
No full textIsolated thoracic trauma is responsible for approximately 25% of deaths from accidents and contributes significantly to the 50% of the remaining deaths. It still constitutes a major public health problem worldwide as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. It is also reported to be the leading cause of death, hospitalization and permanent disability in the first four decades of life.The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the incidence of thoracic trauma, the type of thoracic injury, the pathogenesis (mechanism of injury) and the chosen treatment. Through the analysis of the data obtained, we will try to make a comparison with the data from international literature.Thoracic trauma does not seem to have a distribution difference between the different decades of life although, numerically, males aged compressed between the 2nd and 3rd decade of life have had more thoracic trauma. About half of the patients had single or multiple rib fractures. 37.2% of patients were diagnosed with pneumothorax and 25.4% with bloody pleural effusion. Sternal fractures were the fourth cause of presentation at the emergency room. Diaphragmatic rupture, cardiac contusion, mediastinal hematoma, tracheal lesions and laceration of the lung were the lesions rarely found. Of note, the rare presentation of a patient with post-traumatic chylothorax and one with lesion of the left subclavian vein. Overall, among the 532 patients included in the study, 423 (79.5%) patients presented with isolated trauma to the chest organs. In the remaining 109 (20.5%) the lesion of at least one other system coexisted. Closed chest injuries were 475 (89.3%) of which there were 334 road accidents (62.8%) and 124 (23.3%) falls from height. The road accidents involved car accidents (driver or passengers) and / or with pedestrian involvement. On the contrary, the open injuries were 57 (10.7%) of which the gunshot injuries were 9 (1.7%), while 48 (9%) injuries were due to sharp instrument. In 339 patients observation was the treatment of choice. They stayed in the hospital for an average of 3.3 days. Mortality after isolated thoracic trauma or associated with extra-thoracic trauma was 0.58%. The absence of obvious lesions in the thoracic level after trauma does not exclude the presence of major internal injuries. Therefore, it is vital to be aware of the conditions and violence under which the trauma occurred. Trauma continues to be a social problem even in the twentieth century and its proper management must begin with the perception of the problem. The improvement of road and working conditions, places of thoracic trauma, is useful.Το μεμονωμένο θωρακικό τραύμα ευθύνεται για περίπου το 25% των θανάτων από ατυχήματα και συμβάλλει σημαντικά στο 50% των υπόλοιπων θανάτων. Εξακολουθεί να είναι ένα μείζον πρόβλημα δημόσιας υγείας παγκοσμίως καθώς σχετίζεται με υψηλή νοσηρότητα και θνησιμότητα τόσο στις ανεπτυγμένες όσο και στις αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες. Αναφέρεται, επίσης, ότι είναι η κύρια αιτία θανάτου, νοσηλείας και μόνιμης αναπηρίας κατά τις τέσσερις πρώτες δεκαετίες της ζωής.Ο στόχος αυτής της αναδρομικής μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει την επίπτωση, τον τύπο του τραύματος, την παθογένεση (μηχανισμός τραυματισμού) και την επιλεγμένη θεραπεία του θωρακικού τραύματος. Μέσω της ανάλυσης των δεδομένων που λαμβάνονται, θα προσπαθήσουμε να κάνουμε μια σύγκριση με τα δεδομένα από τη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία.Το θωρακικό τραύμα δεν φαίνεται να έχει διαφορά κατανομής μεταξύ των διαφόρων δεκαετιών ζωής, παρόλο που, αριθμητικά, οι άντρες μεταξύ της 2ης και της 3ης δεκαετίας της ζωής υπερτερούσαν. Περίπου οι μισοί από τους ασθενείς είχαν μεμονωμένα ή πολλαπλά κατάγματα πλευρών. Το 37,2% των ασθενών διαγνώστηκε με πνευμοθώρακα, ενώ το 25,4% με αιματηρή υπεζωκοτική συλλογή. Τα κατάγματα στέρνου ήταν η τέταρτη αιτία προσέλευσης στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών. Η ρήξη διαφράγματος, η θλάση του καρδιακού μη, το μεσοθωρακικό αιμάτωμα, η ρήξη τραχείας και η τρώση του πνευμονικού παρεγχύματος ήταν σπάνιες βλάβες. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί, η σπάνια παρουσίαση ενός ασθενούς με μετατραυματικό χυλοθώρακα και ενός με τρώση της αριστερής υποκλείδιας φλέβας. Συνολικά, μεταξύ των 532 ασθενών που συμπεριλήφθηκαν στη μελέτη, 423 (79,5%) ασθενείς παρουσίασαν μεμονωμένο τραύμα στα όργανα του θώρακα. Στο υπόλοιπο 109 (20,5%) συνυπήρχε βλάβη τουλάχιστον ενός άλλου συστήματος. Οι κλειστοί τραυματισμοί του θώρακα ήταν 475 (89,3%) εκ των οποίων υπήρχαν 334 (62,8%) τροχαία ατυχήματα και 124 (23,3%) περιπτώσεις τραυματισμού από πτώση εξ ύψους. Τα τροχαία ατυχήματα αφορούσαν ατυχήματα με αυτοκίνητο (οδηγός ή συνεπιβάτης) ή/και με εμπλοκή πεζών. Αντίθετα, οι ανοιχτοί τραυματισμοί ήταν 57 (10,7%) εκ των οποίων οι τραυματισμοί από πυροβόλο όπλο ήταν 9 (1,7%), ενώ 48 (9%) τραυματισμοί οφείλονταν σε νύσσον όργανο. Σε 339 ασθενείς, η συντηρητική αντιμετώπιση ήταν η θεραπεία επιλογής. Οι ασθενείς αυτοί έμειναν στο νοσοκομείο για 3,3 ημέρες κατά μέσο όρο. Η θνησιμότητα μετά από απομονωμένο θωρακικό τραύμα ή σχετιζόμενη με εξωθωρακικό τραύμα ήταν 0,58%. Η απουσία εμφανών βλαβών στο θωρακικό επίπεδο μετά από τραύμα δεν αποκλείει την παρουσία σοβαρών εσωτερικών τραυματισμών. Επομένως, είναι ζωτικής σημασίας να γνωρίζουμε τις συνθήκες και τη δύναμη υπό την οποία συνέβη το τραύμα. Το τραύμα εξακολουθεί να είναι ένα κοινωνικό πρόβλημα ακόμη και τον εικοστό αιώνα και η σωστή διαχείριση του πρέπει να ξεκινήσει με την αντίληψη του προβλήματος. Είναι χρήσιμη η βελτίωση των οδικών και εργασιακών συνθηκών
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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