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Composição Pedologística da Expansão Sucroenergética no Sudoeste Goiano
Get PDFThe Brazilian Cerrado has recently undergone changes in land use driven by the expansion of the sugar-energy sector, linked to the National Agroenergy Plan. The objective of this study was to understand this expansion dynamic through edaphic (soil-related) and anthropic factors in the southwestern region of Goiás. The methodology of this research utilized Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing techniques, which included mapping land use, with a focus on sugarcane in a temporal sequence for the years 1985, 1995, 2005, 2010, 2016, and 2019; mapping the Agricultural Suitability of Land Use in the region; vectorization of logistical systems for ethanol distribution planned and implemented in southwestern Goiás and its bordering areas; and geospatial analysis of this process, integrating the dynamics of sugarcane expansion with the physical environment and infrastructure. The results of this study showed that the changes in land use driven by sugarcane initially relied on natural pedological conditions as the main production factor. Subsequently, technological systems for production distribution focusing on low-cost transportation were utilized, forming the pedo-logistic composition of sugarcane, marking a new phase of agricultural modernization in the region.
O Cerrado brasileiro passou recentemente pelo processo de mudanças de uso dos solos promovido pela expansão sucroenergética, associado ao Plano Nacional de Agroenergia. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender esta dinâmica de expansão por meio dos fatores edáficos e antrópicos na região do Sudoeste goiano. A metodologia desta pesquisa utilizou técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e de Geoprocessamento, que consistiram no mapeamento do uso do solo, com destaque à cana-de-açúcar em uma sucessão temporal para os anos de 1985, 1995, 2005, 2010, 2016 e 2019; no mapeamento Aptidão Agrícola do Uso das Terras da região; a vetorização dos sistemas logísticos de escoamento do etanol planejados e implementados no Sudoeste de Goiás e em suas áreas lindeiras; a análise geoespacial deste processo, integrando a dinâmica da expansão sucroalcooleira com o meio físico e a infraestrutura. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as mudanças de uso do solo, promovidas pela cana-de-açúcar, empregaram inicialmente condições pedológicas naturais, como principal fator de produção, posteriormente, faz-se uso do aparelhamento tecnológico de escoamento de produção focados no transporte de baixo custo, formando a composição pedologística da cana-de-açúcar que se configurou em uma nova etapa da modernização da agricultura regional
Agricultural suitability, lands use changes, conflicts and direct and indirect impacts of sugar cane expansion in Goiás's sowth-west region
No full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESDuring the last 40 years, Cerrado in Goiás crossed to big changes of land use
associated with the Green Revolution and the Agriculture Modernization. These
modifications were based on grains production, cattle raising, in minor scale, sugar
cane production. Goiás Sowth-west Planning Region (RPSG) was a great notability in
this scenery that, since 1980 decade, because your elevated agricultural aptness,
turned great objective of Agroindustrial complexes, grains and meat and, more
recently, of sugar cane.
Recently, the sugar cane sector retakes your expansion starting a new phase in 2004,
extending from the same anterior surface from east, where more able soils dominated.
Since this, a strong and fast expansion has been realized in this route, reaching the
RPSG extreme west in 2008. The present thesis objective to recognize the special
standard in these two sugar cane expansion phases in RPSG, between 1985 and 2013
and identify your relations with the lands use changes and with the agricultural aptness
classes, for presenting the particular spatial standards of sugar cane expansion and
having uses conflicts discrepancy indicators. It was used remote sensing and
geoprocessing techniques, specially SIG, for the mapping of environmental
characteristics, agricultural aptness and uses and soil uses conflicts, in historic
succession of representative five years of use changes and sugar cane expansion;
they were 1985 and 1995 in the first phase, and 2005, 2010 and 2013 in the second
phase. The cartography results were submitted on statistic analyze ANOVA Fatorial
and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The results showed that the recent sugar
cane expansion presented two spatial standards: the first, until 2005, in surfaces with
more agricultural aptness, before with grains culture; the second, since 2005, in
moderately or very fragile soils zones, able for natural pastures or recommended for
flora e fauna conservation. It still revealed that sugar cane expansion reprises the
agroexporting model, this time including the national market of ethanol consumption,
however, in two successive itineraries: the first, that represents the itinerary resulting of
spatial selectivity irradiated type, also practiced in Agricultural Frontier expansion
(1970-80), looking for more able soils to cultivates with high technology level and taking
advantage of structure, specially the logistic. The second, after 2005, that runs away
this standard and goes to the extreme west of region, upon less able soils, in general
sandy soils, with elevated erodibility, little fertility and cohesion, named fragile soils,
with pasture and Cerrado’s reminders. It discusses that this process caused direct and
indirect impacts in successions of covering/cane and pasture/cane, respectively, in
consequence of deforestation, upon areas with moderated or elevated use discrepancy
in respect to agricultural aptness. It concludes that the sugar cane expansion is
occurring in RPSG for spatial irradiated selectivity, expanding upon the best lands
(1960-80 in the east) and, before, 2005, for diffusion, in dispersed spots on direction to
extreme west upon less able lands with fragile soils. In the first, the impacts were
directs, by reconversion grains/cane; in the second, it were directs (like the first, added
for pasture/cane and remaining/cane) and indirects (grains/pasture, remaining/pasture)
also associated to the remaining deforestation. It was noted that the
privation/insufficiency of regulatory marks for sugar cane expansion and planning and
environmental govern in levels of state and region, favoring pressure upon natural
resources and the installation of environmental (un)sustentability sceneries.Durante os últimos 40 anos, o Cerrado Goiano passou por grandes mudanças de uso
do solo associadas à Revolução Verde e à Modernização da Agricultura. Estas
alterações foram baseadas na produção de grãos, pecuária de corte e, em menor
escala, produção sucroalcooleira. Grande destaque deste cenário foi a Região de
Planejamento do Sudoeste Goiano (RPSG) que, a partir da década de 1980, devido a
sua elevada aptidão agrícola, tornou-se alvo grande dos Complexos Agroindustriais,
de grãos e de carne e, mais recentemente, da cana-de-açúcar.
Recentemente, o Setor Sucroalcooleiro retoma sua expansão iniciando uma nova fase
em 2004, se estendendo a partir da mesma área anterior a leste, onde dominam solos
mais aptos. Desde então vem implementando uma forte e rápida expansão nesse
rumo atingindo o extremo oeste da RPSG em 2008. A presente tese objetiva
reconhecer o padrão espacial dessas duas fases da expansão da cana-de-açúcar na
RPSG, entre 1985 a 2013, e identificar suas relações com as mudanças de usos dos
solos e as classes de aptidão agrícola, de modo a apresentar os padrões espaciais
específicos da expansão canavieira e obter indicadores de discrepância e conflitos de
usos. Utilizou-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, sobretudo
SIG para o mapeamento do meio físico, da aptidão agrícola e dos usos e conflitos de
uso do solo, em sucessão histórica de cinco anos representativos das mudanças de
uso e da expansão da cana, sendo 1985 e 1995 da primeira fase e 2005, 2010 e 2013
da segunda. Os resultados cartográficos foram submetidos à análise estatística
ANOVA Fatorial e Análise das Componentes Principais (PCA). Os resultados
revelaram que a recente expansão da cana apresentou dois padrões espaciais: o
primeiro (até 2005), nas áreas de maior aptidão agrícola, antes com cultivo de grãos; o
segundo, desde 2005, nas áreas de solos moderadamente e muito frágeis, aptas para
pastagens naturais e, ou conservação de flora e fauna. Ainda revelaram que a
expansão canavieira reprisa o modelo agroexportador, desta vez incluindo o mercado
nacional de consumo do etanol, porém em dois itinerários sucessivos: o primeiro
representa o itinerário resultante de seletividade espacial do tipo irradiado, também
praticado na expansão da Fronteira Agrícola (1970-80), buscando solos mais aptos às
lavouras altamente tecnificadas, aproveitando a infraestrutura e, principalmente a
logística da região. O segundo, de 2005 em diante, que foge desse padrão e segue
rumo ao extremo oeste da região, sobre solos menos aptos, em geral arenosos, de
elevada erodibilidade, baixa fertilidade e coesão, ditos frágeis, com pastagens e
remanescentes de Cerrado. Discute-se que esse processo causa impactos diretos e
indiretos nas sucessões de cobertura/cana e pastagem/cana, respectivamente, em
consequência de desmatamento, sobre áreas de moderada a elevada discrepância de
uso em relação à aptidão agrícola. Conclui-se que a expansão canavieira na
RPSG vem ocorrendo por seletividade espacial de padrão irradiado, expandindo-se
sobre as melhores terras (1960-80 no leste em 2004) e, após 2005, por difusão, em
manchas dispersas em direção ao extremo oeste sobre terras menos aptas com solos
frágeis. Nas primeiras os impactos foram diretos, por reconversão grãos/cana, nos
segundos foram diretos (idem mais pastagens/cana e remanescentes/cana) e indiretos
(grãos/pastagens, remanescentes/pastagens) associados também ao desmatamento
de remanescentes. Nota-se a falta/insuficiência de marcos regulatórios para a
expansão canavieira e de planejamento e governança ambiental nos níveis estadual e
regional, favorecendo pressão sobre os recursos naturais e a instalação de cenários
de insustentabilidade ambiental
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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