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Interactions in the EU agriculture: price relations in pork and broiler markets
No full textThe present study is composed of two research sections, which analyse price relations among the major producers in the European Union, regarding pork and broiler meat. The first part investigates price relations in four principal pork markets in the EU; namely Germany (DE), Denmark (DK), France (FR) and Spain (ES). This is pursued using monthly wholesale prices of pork meat, spanning the period from January 1999 to December 2015. The non-linear granger causality test proposed by Diks & Panchenko (2006) is applied along with the non-linear cointegration framework of NARDL proposed by Shin, et al. (2014) taking into account possible asymmetries. Results show that EU pork markets are indeed cointegrated since a stable long-run relationship is confirmed. The pattern of price transmission is revealed to be symmetric, showing that both positive and negative shocks are transmitted between the countries with the same magnitude. Moreover, the Law of one price is confirmed, further supporting the efficiency of the examined markets. Regarding the short-run, results show that price transmission is asymmetric for the majority of the examined pairs while the speeds of adjustment are considered low. On overall, price pairs of Denmark – Germany and Denmark – France appear to be the most integrated markets showing a high degree of dependence. The second section analyses price relations between four major EU broiler markets, namely Germany (DE), United Kingdom (UK), France (FR) and Spain (ES). The employed data consist of monthly wholesale broiler prices, regarding the period January 1991 to January 2016. A non-linear cointegration methodology of MTAR model proposed by Enders & Siklos (2001) is applied, taking into account structural breaks, non-linearity and asymmetric adjustment in the EU broiler markets, through a threshold. Results confirm a partial degree of market integration, in the sense that prices co-move in the long-run. However, the pattern of price transmission in the long-run appears to be asymmetric, rejecting the Law of one price by definition. Therefore, markets cannot be characterised as efficient. Results further suggest that markets react more quickly to price decreases in the central market than to increases in the same market. This may be attributed to the fact that markets try to maintain their market share. Moreover, results support that thresholds-transaction costs are wider between a pair of importer–exporter. Therefore, it is supported that broiler prices in an importing country include higher transaction costs compared to an exporter. Results do not support short-run effects.Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελείται από δύο επιμέρους ερευνητικές εργασίες, στις οποίες αναλύονται οι σχέσεις τιμών μεταξύ των βασικότερων αγορών χοιρινού κρέατος και κρέατος κοτόπουλου στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Η πρώτη ερευνητική εργασία μελετά τις σχέσεις των τιμών τεσσάρων βασικών αγορών χοιρινού κρέατος στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, συγκεκριμένα της Γερμανίας (DE), της Δανίας (DK), της Γαλλίας (FR) και της Ισπανίας (ES). Τα δεδομένα της έρευνας είναι μηνιαίες τιμές χονδρικής πώλησης χοιρινού κρέατος και αφορούν την περίοδο Ιανουάριος 1999 έως και Δεκέμβριος 2015. Η μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση που ακολουθείται περιλαμβάνει την εφαρμογή ελέγχου μη γραμμικής αιτιότητας των Diks & Panchenko (2006) ενώ η διερεύνηση πιθανών ασυμμετριών στις εκάστοτε σχέσεις επιτυγχάνεται με τη χρήση του υποδείγματος μη γραμμικής συνολοκλήρωσης αυτοπαλίνδρομων κατανεμημένων χρονικών υστερήσεων (NARDL), των Shin, et al. (2014). Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας υποστηρίζουν την ολοκλήρωση των αγορών χοιρινού κρέατος στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και επιβεβαιώνονται σταθερές μακροχρόνιες σχέσεις μεταξύ των τιμών των εξεταζόμενων ζευγαριών. Αναφορικά με το πρότυπο μετάδοσης των τιμών μακροχρόνια, αυτό στην πλειοψηφία του είναι συμμετρικό υποδεικνύοντας ότι θετικά και αρνητικά σοκ μεταδίδονται στις χωρικές αγορές με το ίδιο μέγεθος. Επιπρόσθετα, ο νόμος της ενιαίας τιμής επιβεβαιώνεται στην ισχυρή του μορφή, στα ζευγάρια αγορών υπό εξέταση υποστηρίζοντας την αποτελεσματικότητα των αγορών χοιρινού κρέατος στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Σε βραχυχρόνιο επίπεδο, όμως, τα αποτελέσματα υποστηρίζουν ότι για την πλειοψηφία των εξεταζόμενων χωρικών αγορών, η μετάδοση των τιμών γίνεται ασυμμετρικά και οι ταχύτητες μετάδοσης των σοκ κρίνονται χαμηλές. Συνολικά, τα ζευγάρια των αγορών Δανία – Γερμανία και Δανία - Γαλλία αποτελούν τις πιο ολοκληρωμένες αγορές, με υψηλό βαθμό εξάρτησης. Η δεύτερη ερευνητική εργασία μελετά τις σχέσεις τιμών τεσσάρων βασικών αγορών κρέατος κοτόπουλου στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, συγκεκριμένα της Γερμανίας (DE), του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (UK), της Γαλλίας (FR) και της Ισπανίας (ES). Τα δεδομένα της έρευνας είναι μηνιαίες τιμές χονδρικής πώλησης κρέατος κοτόπουλου και αφορούν την περίοδο Ιανουάριος 1991 έως και Ιανουάριος 2016. Η διερεύνηση και αξιολόγηση των σχέσεων των τιμών των αγορών αυτών επιτυγχάνεται μέσω μη γραμμικής συνολοκλήρωσης με την εφαρμογή του υποδείγματος MTAR, των Enders & Siklos (2001), λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν διαρθρωτικές μεταβολές, μη γραμμικότητα και ασυμμετρική προσαρμογή στις αγορές κοτόπουλου στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, με τη χρήση οριακών τιμών. Τα αποτελέσματα υποστηρίζουν την ύπαρξη μερικής ολοκλήρωσης των αγορών υπό την έννοια ότι οι τιμές χονδρικής πώλησης κινούνται μαζί σταθερά. Όμως, το πρότυπο μετάδοσης των τιμών μακροχρόνια είναι ασυμμετρικό σε όλα τα ζεύγη αγορών, απορρίπτοντας εξ ορισμού το νόμο της ενιαίας τιμής. Συνεπώς, υποστηρίζεται η μη αποτελεσματικότητα των αγορών υπό εξέταση. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η αντίδραση των αγορών σε μειώσεις των τιμών της κεντρικής αγοράς είναι γρηγορότερη σε σχέση με τις αυξήσεις στην ίδια αγορά. Αυτό πιθανά οφείλεται στην προσπάθεια των χωρών να διατηρήσουν το μερίδιο αγοράς τους. Επιπρόσθετα, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι τα όρια-κόστη συναλλαγών μεταξύ των μεγαλύτερων εισαγωγικών και εξαγωγικών αγορών είναι πιο ευρή. Επομένως, υποστηρίζεται ότι σε μία εισαγωγική χώρα οι τιμές πουλερικών περιλαμβάνουν υψηλότερα κόστη συναλλαγών συγκριτικά με μία εξαγωγική χώρα. Σχετικά με τις βραχυχρόνιες επιδράσεις, τα αποτελέσματα δεν υποστηρίζουν την ύπαρξή τους
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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