1,721,037 research outputs found
Review on Qudits Production and Their Application to Quantum Communication and Studies on Local Realism
No full textFGQT Q05 Quantum Technologies Use Cases [written by the CEN-CENELEC Focus Group on Quantum Technologies (FGQT)]
Full text linkQuantum technologies form a booming field of research areas. Often, we subdivide the field of quantum technologies in quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Some also include a fourth: quantum simulation. Each of them has a different level of maturity and therefore different standardization needs.
Standards can help mature a field and allow for interoperability of different devices or parts of a larger device. Especially in the field of quantum technologies, we expect only a small number of parties to be able to manufacture the hardware by themselves. More likely is that a party focuses on only a small part of the hardware or software stack. The output of the products of these parties has to interoperate with the input and/or output of the products of other parties.
The standardization needs and the level of maturity of specific quantum applications may be uncorrelated. Furthermore, it might be difficult to directly define standards for some application. Instead, use cases allow to freely think about some application and how it should interact with the outside world and with other components of a larger system and which interfaces are necessary. From this, we can determine where which standards are needed when and the characteristics of this use-case.
Even though use cases can imply standards or standardization needs, they not have to. Use cases are relevant on their own as they give a sense of what the community is interested in and what applications of quantum technologies are possible.
The use cases presented in this document are unstructured, both in topic and in the readiness or implication on standardization. Each subsection contains a separate use case and starts with a description, enabling technologies and standardization needs. Some use cases follow with a deeper discussion of the spects where standards are needed or might be beneficial
Orientation paper: suggestions to develop research projects in testing and measurements for the upcoming European Partnership on Metrology (EPM) Calls in 2024
Full text linkThe purpose of the document, in agreement with EMN-Q mission to support competitiveness
and innovation of the emerging European Quantum Industry by metrology science, services, and
knowledge transfer, is to identify the priorities related to the development of quantum technologies at the European Level. The EMN-Q is ideally positioned to identify the gaps in measurement capabilities and standards necessary for advancing quantum technologies and to collaboratively develop the solutions necessary to serve the rapidly growing needs of stakeholders. This orientation paper is particularly focused on the Calls Digital Transformation and Normative.
This orientation paper is based on three main elements:
the European Digital Strategy,
the EMN-Q strategic Research Agenda,
the “Standardization Roadmap on Quantum Technologies written by the CEN-CENELEC
Focus Group on Quantum Technologies (FGQT)” (Document FGQT Q04 Release 1 – March 2023
On the realization of high precision interferometers for experimental Quantum Information
No full textFGQT Q04 - Standardization Roadmap on Quantum Technologies [written by the CEN-CENELEC Focus Group on Quantum Technologies (FGQT)]
Full text linkIn 2018, the European Commission launched its long term and large scale Quantum Technology FET Flagship Program. The European Commission is also very interested in boosting standards for quantum technologies (QT). The Quantum Flagship has its own cooperation and coordination activities to “coordinate national strategies and activities” and in its “Quantum Manifesto” [1] explicitly advises to form “advisory boards” to promote collaboration in standardization. The CEN/CENELEC Focus Group for Quantum Technologies (FGQT) was formed in June 2020 with the goal to support the plans of the Commission.
Currently, a multitude of standardization activities in QT are ongoing worldwide. While there is overlap in certain areas, other areas of this wide technological field are not being addressed at all. A coordinated approach will be highly beneficial to unleash the full potential of standardization for speeding up progress—also because the pool of standardization experts available for quantum technologies is still very limited. Furthermore, not all areas are yet “ready for standardization”, i.e., while in some fields early standardization is capable of boosting progress, it may be a problem in other areas. Thus, an assessment of standardization readiness of the different areas is required, too.
The FGQT was established to identify standardization needs and opportunities for the entire field of QT with the final goal to boost the establishment of new industries in Europe and consequently the development and engineering of unprecedented novel devices and infrastructures for the benefit of European citizens.
The QT standardization roadmap follows a constructive approach, starting with basic enabling technologies, from which QT components and subsystems are constructed, which again are assembled into QT systems that in turn form composite systems, constituting the building blocks for use cases. Thus, the roadmap is structured approximating very closely the categories of the EC quantum technology FET Flagship Program: quantum communication, quantum computing and simulation, quantum metrology, sensing, and enhanced imaging, while the basic enabling technologies and sub-systems are organized in two pools —thus supporting re-use in the different system categories. The separate types of QT unit systems are then foundations of general QT infrastructures or composite systems. On the level of use cases, the QT standardization roadmap describes basic domains of applicability, so-called “meta use cases”, while the detailed use cases are listed in a separate document of the FGQT: “FGQT Q05 Use Cases”.
Finally, the QT standardization roadmap presents an outlook and conclusions, including an actual prioritization of the single identified standardization needs in the form of sequence diagrams (Gantt charts).
This approach differs slightly from the QT “Pillar design” of the EU Quantum Flagship but, in our opinion, it extends it and is better adapted to standardization purposes, while the former is optimally suited as a research program design.
The FGQT is an open group of European-based experts, working in QT research areas or enabling technologies, and of developers of components, products, or services related to QT. If you are based in Europe, and interested in guidelines and standards to help setting up a research infrastructure, or structuring and boosting your market relevance; if you want to improve coordination with your stakeholders and are interested in coordination and exchange with other experts in the field of QT—please consider to join the CEN/CENELEC FGQT.
NOTE 1 European QT standards development in CEN/CENELEC will take place in the new JTC 22 QT (Joint Technical Committee 22 on Quantum Technologies). The work in JTC 22 QT will be guided by the present roadmap doc ument, and it is expected that the FGQT roadmap-development activity will be absorbed/continued by JTC 22 Q
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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