1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Maternal defence as an emotional stressor in female rats: Correlation of neuroendocrine and behavioural parameters and involvement of brain oxytocin.
No full textIn order to study neuroendocrine and behavioural stress responses in female rats post partum we aimed to establish a relevant emotional stressor - the maternal defence test based on maternal aggression of a lactating resident towards a virgin or lactating intruder approaching the cage. Exposure to maternal defence significantly elevated corticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone responses of the residents and of virgin or lactating intruders, with an attenuated response in lactating residents and lactating intruders. Exposure to maternal defence increased plasma oxytocin in virgin intruders only. The aggressive behaviour displayed by the residents was directly correlated with the amount of defensive behaviour of the intruder and independent of the intruder's reproductive state. However, the amount of maternal and explorative behaviours displayed by the lactating residents was significantly higher when exposed to a lactating, compared to a virgin, intruder. ACTH responses in lactating residents exposed to virgin intruders were significantly correlated to the amount of offensive (direct correlation) and maternal (inverse correlation) behaviours they displayed. Plasma prolactin concentrations, elevated in lactating compared to virgin rats under basal conditions, were found to be reduced in the lactating residents and intruders in response to exposure to the maternal defence test, whereas it was unchanged in virgin intruders. To test for the involvement of brain oxytocin in neuroendocrine and behavioural responses of the lactating residents an oxytocin receptor antagonist (0.1 μg/5 μL) was infused icv 10 min prior to testing. This treatment increased basal, but not stress-induced, ACTH, corticosterone and oxytocin secretion. Whereas parameters of aggressive behaviour were unchanged, the antagonist reduced signs of maternal behaviour during maternal defence. In summary, the maternal defence test has been characterized as a relevant emotional stressor for female rats which is useful for studying neuroendocrine and emotional responses in females, in particular in the context of reproductive adaptations
No stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in parturient rats: Lack of involvement of brain oxytocin
No full textDuring parturition, the basal activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of Wistar rats is strongly attenuated, whereas the oxytocin system is activated. We investigated the secretory responses of the HPA axis and oxytocin to exposure to a mild emotional stressor (airpuff) comparing virgin female, d 22 pregnant, and parturient rats. Furthermore, as the brain oxytocin system is activated in parturition and oxytocin has been shown to inhibit HPA axis responses in virgin rats, the role of brain oxytocin in the regulation of stress responses during parturition was investigated by intracerebroventricular administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist before stressor exposure (0.75 μg/5 μl). In virgin female rats, exposure to airpuff increased ACTH (2.5 ± 0.34-fold) and corticosterone (5.1 ± 2.3-fold) secretion, but in late pregnancy and parturition, the stress-induced increase in ACTH (pregnancy: 1.9 ± 0.41-fold; parturition: 1.3 ± 0.13-fold) and corticosterone secretion (parturition: 1.8 ± 0.40-fold) were strongly attenuated. Oxytocin secretion remained unchanged in response to airpuff in both virgin and parturient rats despite higher overall plasma concentrations in the latter. Oxytocin receptor blockade in the brain elevated basal and stress-induced ACTH secretion in virgin but not pregnant or parturient rats and had no effect on oxytocin secretion either in virgin or parturient rats. We conclude that the reactivity of the HPA axis to external stressors is strongly attenuated during parturition, and this cannot be disinhibited by blocking the receptor-mediated action of brain oxytocin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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