1,720,964 research outputs found
La nuova disciplina delle tecniche di difesa contro l'offerta pubblica d'acquisto transfrontaliera ostile. Regola di neutralizzazione e poteri degli amministratori tra dovere di rispetto della passivity rule e divieto di contrastare l'offerta
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to give an in-depth examination of the discipline of defence measures with regard to hostile takeover bids in Italy as a result of the implementation of the 2004/25/CE directive. The first chapter, after a brief introduction to the topic, has the specific intent of examining the characteristics and risks emerging firstly from a study of the various disciplinary approaches of hostile takeover bids and then from an analysis of two different models, the American model and the English model, that describe the key options available in managing defence measures. The second chapter offers an overview of the choices made by the Italian Legislator, firstly by l. n.149 in 1992, then by the consolidated act on financial intermediation (d.lgs. n. 58 in 1998), taking the English model as its inspiration, but contextualized within the structure of domestic ownership. The first part of the third chapter gives an account of the options recognized by the 2004/25/CE directive and those which have actually been adopted, in three distinct time phases, by the Italian Legislator (d.lgs. 229 in 2007, d.l. 185 in 2008 and d.lgs. n. 146 in 2009); the second part however, proposes an examination of the ordinary legal model and the main questions arising from it, as well as an in-depth look at the possible variables for consensus on an exception to the rule, to arrive at the most extreme solution that recognizes an autonomous space of manoeuvre in favour of the administrative board. Finally, the fourth chapter evaluates the effects of the co-existence within Italy of a plurality of models and their interaction in hostile takeover bids: the examination moves from looking at the hypothesis of a cross-border bid, originally conceived as a single hypothesis of coexistence and interaction of diverse models within the framework of a proposed public tender offer for an Italian company, to return to the domestic framework, where the same problems arise today. An exploration of the two scenarios brings to light the assumptions, the effects and critical aspects of the reciprocity clause.Il lavoro è volto ad approfondire la disciplina delle misure di difesa dall'offerta pubblica d'acquisto ostile in Italia a seguito del recepimento della direttiva 2004/25/CE. Il primo capitolo, dopo un breve inquadramento del fenomeno, muove dai diversi approcci disciplinari dell'offerta pubblica d'acquisto ostile e dai due diversi modelli, quello americano e quello inglese, che caratterizzano le opzioni di fondo nella gestione delle misure di difesa, con l'intento di farne emergere caratteristiche e rischi. Il secondo capitolo opera una ricostruzione delle scelte compiute dal legislatore italiano, dapprima con la l. n. 149 del 1992, quindi, con il testo unico dell'intermediazione finanziaria (d.lgs. n. 58 del 1998), ispirato al modello inglese, pur se contestualizzato alla realtà degli assetti proprietari domestici. Il terzo capitolo, nella sua prima parte, dà conto delle opzioni riconosciute dalla direttiva 2004/25/CE e di quelle concretamente adottate, in tre distinte scansioni temporali, dal legislatore italiano (d.lgs. 229 del 2007, d.l. 185 del 2008 e d.lgs. n. 146 del 2009); nella sua seconda parte, invece, si propone di esaminare sia il modello legale ordinario, insieme alle principali questioni dallo stesso sollevate, sia le variabili disponibili per una sua deroga convenzionale, sino alla soluzione limite del riconoscimento di un autonomo spazio di manovra a favore dell'organo amministrativo. Il quarto capitolo, infine, stima gli effetti della coesistenza in Italia di una pluralità di modelli e della loro interazione nelle ipotesi di scalata ostile: l'esame muove dall'ipotesi di scalata transfrontaliera, originariamente immaginata come unica ipotesi di coesistenza e di interazione di diversi modelli nell'ambito di un'offerta proposta nei confronti di una società italiana, per tornare a quella domestica, nella quale oggi si possono presentare analoghi problemi. Nell'ambito dei due possibili scenari, il lavoro mette in luce presupposti, effetti ed aspetti critici della clausola di reciprocità
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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