1,721,147 research outputs found
ASPETTI CLINICI DELLA MALATTIA DIVERTICOLARE
No full textLa malattia diverticolare è una patologia piuttosto frequente nella popolazione occidentale. E' stimato che il 30-40% dei pazienti sottoposti ad indagini strumentali sull'apparato digerente presentino diverticoli al colon. Questi, nel 75% dei casi sono del tutto asintomatici. la diverticolosi appare strettamente connessa allo stile di vita ed alle abitudini alimentari tipiche dei paesi occidentali. a seguito di questa preferenza geografica, gli autori anglosassoni definiscono questa condizione patologica "a disease of western civilization". La diverticolosi insorge solitamente nei soggetti adulti, il trend della malattia aumenta proporzionalmente con l'età; pur tuttavia, negli ultimi anni abbiamo osservato una invesrione di tendenza e un coinvolgimento delle fasce più giovani. in questo testo specialistico vengono affrontate da parte degli autori, aventi una diversa estrazione scientifico-accademica, quelle nozioni di ordine morfologico, fisiopatologico e clinico di malattia. Fra gli elementi causali della malattia diverticolare primeggia il ruolo della dieta povera di fibre connessa alla stitichezza e all'obesità. la debolezza congenita delle pareti coliche sembra esercitare un chiaro ruolo concausale. Il problema cruciale connesso alla presenza dei diverticoli è rappresentato dalla infiammazione mucosale del diverticolo (diverticolite). questa a sua volta può condurre a tutta una serie di complicanze che necessitano l'immediato ricovero ospedaliero e l'intervento chirurgico d'urgenza. la flogosi diverticolare si correla a precise modificazioni dell'ambiente endolumiinale quali l'aumento della pressione, la scarsa presenza di fibre e soprattutto alle alterazioni quali/quantitative della flora microbica residente, conosciuta come microbiota. le più aggiornate acquisizioni scientifiche dimostrano che l'aterazione del microbiota - definita disbiosi - rappresenta l'evento trigger responsabile della attivazione del sistema linfatico intestinale mucosale -GALT (Gut associated Limphoyd tissue). Ciò innesca la sequenza di eventi di ordine immunitario e bioumorale che sostengono con 2forza e vigore" la flogosi mucosale: il diverticolo si infiamma e compare la diverticolite. Il mantenimento dello stato di eubiosi intestinale, diventa pertanto la condizione imprescindibile per mantenere il corretto trofismo e benessere mucosale. Queste acquisizioni di ordine etio-fisiopatologico consentono di aprire nuovi scenari applicativi per intravedere, nella oscurità visibile, protocolii terapeutici estremamente biocompatibili e privi di effetti collaterali, atti a prevenire la diverticolite. L'impiego di batteri - definiti probiotici - essenziali per il benessere e la funzionalità intestinale, consente di mantenere quel corretto equilibrio microbico saprofita, che protegge la mucosa da eventi flogistici. sappiamo anche che la flogosi mucosale cronico-ricorrente implementa il rischio tumorale del tratto intestinale con la compartecipazione attiva della flora enteropatogena. Il fattivo impegno a mantenere quello stato di eubiosi intestinale, unitamente alla regolare introduzione di fibre con la dieta, rappresenta quindi il messaggio prioritario, l'end point, di questo sforzo editoriale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Potential benefits of colostrum in gastrointestinal diseases
No full textThis paper reviews the composition of colostrum and the potential preventive and therapeutic use of this "first milk" for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in humans. Colostrum is a complex biological liquid that is richer in antimicrobial peptides, immune-regulating compounds and growth factors than the subsequent mature milk. The main functions of colostrum are to provide essential nutritional components, strengthen the natural defense system, modulate immune response, balance intestinal microbiota and enhance the growth and repair of several tissues. Several studies and clinical trials carried out both in vitro and in vivo on humans and animals suggest the clinical benefits of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in gastro-intestinal diseases. Despite the encouraging results, further well-designed studies are required in order to confirm these effects, the dose and duration of treatment. Colostrum is safe since there are no contraindications regarding high dose levels and few side effects of clinical relevance have been reported. In conclusion, in the near future, colostrum-based supplements may play a complementary role to synthetic drugs in the prevention and treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders
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