1,721,341 research outputs found
The distributional impact of a carbon tax in Ireland
No full textWe study the effects of carbon taxation and revenue recycling across the income
distribution in Ireland. Price changes of fuels and all other final goods and services are taken into
account. If applied only to the emissions not covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, a
carbon tax of €20/tCO2 would cost the poorest households around €3.5/week and the richest ones
€5/week. The tax is regressive, therefore. However, if the revenue is used to increase social
benefits and tax credits, households across the income distribution can be made better off without
exhausting the total carbon tax revenue
Fiscal limits on first-best climate policy : a CGE analysis for Europe
No full textWe use a standard computable general equilibrium model to explore the fiscal implications
of stringent carbon dioxide emission reduction in Europe. Both the immediate targets (20-
30% by 2020) and the medium-term targets (80-90% by 2050) for abatement can be met
with a carbon tax that is modest to sizeable. Imposing budget neutrality, a carbon tax that
would allow all other taxes to fall by 5% (20%) would cut emissions by about 40% (80%).
For 80% emission reduction, the carbon tax would only be the third largest tax in terms of
revenue. A 40% emission reduction would cost about 1.5% of GDP. Costs are roughly
exponential in abatement. The economic impact of emission reduction is minimized if the
carbon tax revenue is preferentially used to reduce taxes on intermediates and import
tariffs; such taxes, however, bring in little revenue at present. Emission reduction in
Europe affects trade patterns across the world. It hampers the economies of West Asia and
Africa, but has stimulating effect elsewhere. Economies everywhere outside Europe
become more carbon-intensive. About one in four of emissions avoided in Europe are
emitted elsewhere
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The distributional implications of a carbon tax in Ireland
No full textWe study the effects of carbon tax and revenue recycling across the income distribution in the
Republic of Ireland. In absolute terms, a carbon tax of h20/tCO2 would cost the poorest households less
than h3/week and the richest households more than h4/week. A carbon tax is regressive, therefore.
However, if the tax revenue is used to increase social benefits and tax credits, households across the
income distribution can be made better off without exhausting the total carbon tax revenue.
& 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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