41 research outputs found
Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960
No full textHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other method
Longitudinal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load in the italian seroconversion study: correlates and temporal trends of virus load
No full textA Caprine Herpesvirus 1 Vaccine Adjuvanted with MF59™ Protects against Vaginal Infection and Interferes with the Establishment of Latency in Goats
No full textThe immunogenicity and the efficacy of a beta-propiolactone-inactivated caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 (TM) were tested in goats. Following two subcutaneous immunizations, goats developed high titers of CpHV-1-specific serum and vaginal IgG and high serum virus neutralization (VN) titers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated in vitro with inactivated CpHV-1 produced high levels of soluble IFN-gamma and exhibited high frequencies of IFN-gamma producing cells while soluble IL-4 was undetectable. On the other hand, control goats receiving the inactivated CpHV-1 vaccine without adjuvant produced only low serum antibody responses. A vaginal challenge with virulent CpHV-1 was performed in all vaccinated goats and in naive goats to assess the efficacy of the two vaccines. Vaginal disease was not detected in goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59 (TM) and these animals had undetectable levels of infectious challenge virus in their vaginal washes. Goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant exhibited a less severe disease when compared to naive goats but shed titers of challenge virus that were similar to those of naive goats. Detection and quantitation of latent CpHV-1 DNA in sacral ganglia in challenged goats revealed that the inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59 (TM) vaccine was able to significantly reduce the latent viral load when compared either to the naive goats or to the goats vaccinated with inactivated CpHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant. Thus, a vaccine composed of inactivated CpHV-1 plus MF59 (TM) as adjuvant was strongly immunogenic and induced effective immunity against vaginal CpHV-1 infection in goats
IDENTIFIKASI TERJADINYA OVERFLOW PADA FUEL OIL PURIFIER DI MT. OLYMPUS 1
No full textABSTRAKSI
Rezza Satria Putra, NIT : 52155842.T, 2019, “Identifikasii Terjadinya Overflow pada FO
Purifier di MT. Olympus 1”, skripsi Program Studi Teknika, Program Diploma
IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: Sarifuddin, M.Pd,M.
Mar.E. , Pembimbing II: Henny Wahyu., M.Pd
Purifier diatas kapal merupakan salah satu mesin bantu yang memiliki peranan
sangat penting untuk memisahkan bahan bakar dari air, lumpur dan kotoran. Tujuan
penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas hal-hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya overflow pada
FO purifier, mengetahui dampak yang menyebabkan overflow purifier dan upaya
mengatasi terjadinya overflow pada purifier. Kegunaan dari bahan bakar yang sudah bersih
ini adalah untuk mendukung pengoperasian dari mesin diesel dalam menghasilkan
pembakaran yang sempurna, sehingga kerusakan pada mesin akibat penggunaan bahan
bakar yang tidak bersih dapat dikurangi.
Dalam hal ini penulis menggunakan metode Fish bone dan Fault tree analysis,
dimana metode ini adalah untuk mencari sebab-akibat dari permasalahan dan mengambil
beberapa faktor yang lebih dominan untuk dianalisa menggunakan FTA untuk mencari akar
permasalahan dan bagaimana mengatasinya.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penyebab terjadinya
overflow adalah terjadi kotornya bowl, kebuntuan pada nozzle pada bowl body dan
rusaknya Main Seal Ring dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kerja dari purifier. Ini ditandai
dengan tidak normalnya proses purifikasi pada MFO purifier yang mengakibatkan bahan
bakar bersih tidak keluar melalui pipa keluaran bahan bakar bersih, yang sering disebut
juga dengan overflow. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas cara melakukan pembersihan
serta perawatan secara periodik/berkala terhadap bowl dan nozzle tersebut betul-betul
dijaga terutma kebersihannya dari lumpur pada bowl dan kerak-kerak yang dapat
menimbulkan kebuntuan pada nozzle, apabila terjadi kebuntuan pada nozzle, apabila terjadi
kebuntuan maka segeralah dibersihkan dan dirawat, dan mengganti Main Seal Ring dengan
yang baru sebelum jam kerjanya.
ABSTRACT
Rezza Satria Putra, NIT: 52155842.T, 2019, "Identification of Overflow Occurrence in
FO Purifier in MT. Olympus 1 ", Mini thesis of the Technical Study Program,
Diploma IV Program, Semarang Shipping Science Polytechnic, Advisor I:
Sarifuddin, M.Pd,M. Mar.E. Advisor II: Henny Wahyu., M.Pd
Purifiers on board are one of the auxiliary machines that have a very important role
to separate fuel from water, mud and dirt The purpose of this study is to discuss things that
cause overflow in the FO purifier, find out the impact that causes overflow purifier and
efforts to overcome the occurrence of overflow in the purifier. The usefulness of this clean
fuel is to support the operation of the generator engine in producing perfect combustion, so
that damage to the engine due to the use of non-clean fuel can be reduced
Considering the importance of function FO Purifier for quality of Lubricating main
engine so this machinery must be treat as well as procedure. In this case the author uses the
method fishbone and fault tree analysis, where this method to find the cause and effect of
the problems and factors more dominant to be analyzed by using the analysis of fault trees
to find out and how to overcome them.
The results obtained from this study show that the cause of overflow is bowl
dirtyness, deadlock on the nozzle in bowl body and wear of the Main Seal Ring can
adversely affect the work of the purifier. This is indicated by the abnormal purification
process in the MFO purifier which results in clean fuel not coming out through the clean
fuel output pipe, which is often referred to as overflow. To overcome the above problems
how to do cleaning and maintenance periodically / periodically against th
e bowl and nozzle is really maintained especially cleanliness of the mud in the
bowl and crust which can cause deadlock on the nozzle, if there is a deadlock at the nozzle,
if there is a deadlock then immediately cleaned and treated, and replaced the Main Seal
Ring with new ones before working hour
Human herpesvirus-8 and other viral infections, Papua New Guinea
No full textWe studied residents of remote villages and the capital (Port Moresby) of Papua New Guinea to determine the distribution of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. Our data suggest that HHV-8 has been endemic on the island for a long time and that the epidemiologic pattern of HHV-8 is more similar to that of herpes simplex virus-2 than hepatitis C virus
ANALISIS PROSES PRODUKSI DRUM BRAKE DENGAN METODE VALUE STREAM MAPPING (VSM) DAN FISHBONE DIAGRAM UNTUK MEMINIMASI WASTE DI CV. BUMI BUANA CITRA
No full textJika membutuhkan abstrak atau isi jurnal silahkan menghubungi author melalui e-mail [email protected] atau [email protected]
Dipublikasikan tanggal: 14 Juni 202
Monitoring Over Under Voltage Generator Pada Perubahan Beban
No full textAbstract – In this study, the author designed a monitoring system for Over/Under voltage Generator on load changes. The quality of electric power in an electrical circuit system is very necessary. Poor quality power supply can cause interference and even damage the equipment system or electrical circuit. One form of interference is the occurrence of under/over voltage. To overcome this, a protective device is needed that can detect under/over voltage disturbances and secure electrical equipment. Under/over voltage relays are designed to detect under/over voltage disturbances at single-phase and 3-phase voltages of 220 V 50 Hz. The voltage limit for under- voltage disturbance is -5% of the normal voltage of 220 V, while over-voltage disturbance is +5% of the normal voltage. And the delay setting for under/over voltage relay is 5 seconds. The output of the relay is connected to the load, the load will be cut off in the event of an Over/Under voltage disturbance
Mobile-Based E-Sociometry Application Development at the Counseling Guidance Laboratories of the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Bukittinggi
No full textSociometry is something that can be used in studying the structure of social relations among a group of individuals on the basis of research on social relations and social status of each member of the group concerned. Currently the service of sociometric instruments in the guidance and counseling laboratory of the Bukittinggi State Islamic Institute is still using conventional techniques using Ms.Excel. It is done manually using the distribution of questionnaires, Ms.Excel, which is still combined with Ms.Acces, which is not online yet , so that it can only be distributed in labor, and the next problem is that the application that uses Ms.Excel cannot yet display sociometric reports graphically. The research method that the author uses is the R&D Research & Development method with a waterfall SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) system development model consisting of the Communication.Planning.Modeling stages. Construction.Deployment. For the product test that the author did, the results obtained: the validity test by the validator obtained a value of 0.85 with valid criteria, the practicality test by the practitioner obtained a value of 0.83 with the Very Practical criteria, and the effectiveness test by the effectivator obtained a value of 0.75 with the Very Effective criteria.</p
Using serological measures to monitor changes in malaria transmission in Vanuatu.
No full textBACKGROUND: With renewed interest in malaria elimination, island environments present unique opportunities to achieve this goal. However, as transmission decreases, monitoring and evaluation programmes need increasingly sensitive tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax exposure. In 2009, to assess the role of serological markers in evaluating malaria transmission, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was carried out in Tanna and Aneityum, two of the southernmost islands of the Vanuatu archipelago, areas where malaria transmission has been variably reduced over the past few decades. METHODS: Malaria transmission was assessed using serological markers for exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax. Filter blood spot papers were collected from 1,249 people from Tanna, and 517 people from Aneityum to assess the prevalence of antibodies to two P. falciparum antigens (MSP-119 and AMA-1) and two P. vivax antigens (MSP-119 and AMA-1). Age-specific prevalence was modelled using a simple catalytic conversion model based on maximum likelihood to generate a community seroconversion rate (SCR). RESULTS: Overall seropositivity in Tanna was 9.4%, 12.4% and 16.6% to P. falciparum MSP-119, AMA-1 and Schizont Extract respectively and 12.6% and 15.0% to P. vivax MSP-119 and AMA-1 respectively. Serological results distinguished between areas of differential dominance of either P. vivax or P. falciparum and analysis of age-stratified results showed a step in seroprevalence occurring approximately 30 years ago on both islands, indicative of a change in transmission intensity at this time. Results from Aneityum suggest that several children may have been exposed to malaria since the 2002 P. vivax epidemic. CONCLUSION: Seroepidemiology can provide key information on malaria transmission for control programmes, when parasite rates are low. As Vanuatu moves closer to malaria elimination, monitoring changes in transmission intensity and identification of residual malaria foci is paramount in order to concentrate intervention efforts
