1,721,088 research outputs found
Recent changes in the kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) industry since its introduction: Italy as a case study
No full textThis contribution considers the kiwifruit industry in Italy, taken as a "case study" and the main aspects that are characterizing the crop second only to China in world importance. The main points addressed are: planting areas and production trends; changes in the cultivars grown; emerging diseases and their consequences in the pre- and postharvest crop management; finally, the Club and Consortia that are influencing the national industry. Considering what we should expect in the future and what action should be taken to maintain the leading position that Italy has reached we need to consider two main issues: a political and a technical one. As regards the political issue: the most important countries have now consolidated their choices and strategies. We need to make competitive the national industry by taking a further step towards common goals. The second issue concerns technical aspects: is the kiwifruit industry ready for a completely different and innovative agricultural approach, new training systems, control of all the production factors that could allow a production significantly higher than that we have achieved so far
Winter cold tollerance of kiwifruit. A survey after winter frost injury in Northern Italy
No full textQuantitative flowering of kiwifruit
(Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A.
R. Ferguson var. deliciosa) was investigated in 25
North Italian kiwifruit orchards to evaluate frost
resistance following a severe cold spell in January
1985, when air temperatures dropped as low as
- 23 ° C. The percentage of fruitful shoots in female
cultivar 'Hayward' began to decrease at -11°C;
at about -18°C very few reproductive buds burst
the following spring. As temperatures decreased,
the proportion of vegetative shoots, arising from
meristems in the basal axils of winter buds,
increased. The male cultivar, 'Matua' reacted in a
similar way to 'Hayward', but 'Matua' was more
tolerant to frost injury. The same reduction in
flowering shoots, resulting from a fall in
temperature, was obtained at about - 1.2 to
-1.8 °C lower in male than in female plants in the
range from -II to -18°C. In no case was plant
death observed. Acutely damaged plants were
capable of regrowth from adventitious buds either
of the leaders or of the trunk
Screening RAPD primers for molecular taxonomy and cultivar fingerprinting in the genus Actinidia
No full textEighty ten-base long arbitrary primers were tested for PCR- based DNA amplification of three species of the genus Actinidia (A. deliciosa the kiwifruit, A. chinensis, and A. kolomikta), with the aim of screening species-specific and genotype-specific markers. Of the 80 primers tested, 30 gave an average of 3.5 bands which were monomorphic within one or two species and absent in the remaining one(s), thus resulting in useful markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. None of the primers tested produced bands linked to sex. Twenty primers out of the twenty-five selected from a preliminary screening showed high levels of polymorphism, producing two to eleven patterns each from the 13 kiwifruit cultivars examined. We found the Stoffel fragment and the Taq polymerase were both suitable for RAPD analysis, the most noticeable difference being the smaller size of fragments (0.4-1.2 kb) produced by the former in comparison to the latter (1.03.4 kb). We tested also three different annealing temperatures (35, 37, and 39° C) and found the intermediate one best for number of amplified bands and reproducibility of results
Influenza della posizione della foglia-talea sul ramo e di trattamenti auxinici sul radicamento di talee di Ficus elastica.
No full text
Anther culture in Citrus clementina: a way to rigenerate tri-haploids
No full textRegenerants from anther culture of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan. cvv. Nules, SRA 63, and Monreal were obtained in different experiments from 1994 to 2002. Genetic analysis of 37 such regenerants was carried out using 4 microsatellite markers that were heterozygous in the parental genotypes. The results showed that in all cases but one the regenerants carried only one or the other allele of the parental genotype, and were therefore homozygous and produced through a process of gametophytic embryogenesis. Ploidy analysis by flow cytometry of 94 regenerants showed that as many as 82% of them were tri-haploids, rather than haploids or doubled-haploids as expected, with other ploidy levels such as n, 2n, 4n, and 6n occurring at very low percentages (2, 10, 3, and 3%, respectively). Regeneration from anther culture is therefore proposed as a rapid, and attractive method of obtaining new triploid varieties in clementine, which could be of great interest for the fresh fruit market that now requires fruit to be seedless. © CSIRO 2005
SSR-based DNA fingerprints reveal the genetic diversity of sicilian olive (Olea europeae L.) germplasm
No full textTwelve published simple sequence repeat (SSR; microsatellite) markers, belonging to the ssrOeUA-DCA, GAPU and UDO series, were tested in a panel of 46 accessions of olive germplasm belonging to 30 unique cultivars collected in seven Provinces of Sicily. Four well-known reference olive cultivars were also added. The analysis was carried out on an automatic capillary sequencer using fluorescent dyes, and fragment sizes were determined using internal standards. The results allowed us to rank the SSRs assayed according to their information content and reproducibility. Up to 115 alleles were identified (119, if those unique to sport mutations were included), the frequency of which allowed genetic relationships among accessions to be investigated. The probability that two unrelated genotypes displayed the same SSR pattern at all loci examined was calculated to be as low as 1.18 × 10-11. Sixteen accessions were identified as synonyms. Of these, eight matched perfectly with another accession at all SSR loci examined. The others showed one or two allelic differences from the reference accession. These were interpreted as mutations. Otherwise, all accessions were clearly separated from each other. Two likely parentages were also identified ('Giarfara' = 'Nocellara del Belice' X 'Cacaridduni'; and 'Pizzo di Corvo' = 'Nocellara Etnea' X 'Tonda Iblea'). The genetic diversity of the pool represented by the unique accessions was very high, reflecting the richness of the olive germplasm accumulated in Sicily. A database of the accessions is available to the scientific community (http://www.unipa.it/germolive/ssr.html) to facilitate comparisons of data
Global functional variation in alpine vegetation
No full textBJ-A was funded by the Marie Curie Clarín-COFUND programme of the Principality of Asturias-EU (ACB17-26) and the Spanish Research Agency (AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Testolin, R., Carmona, C.P., Attorre, F., Borchardt, P., Bruelheide, H., Dolezal, J., Finckh, M., Haider, S., Hemp, A., Jandt, U., Korolyuk, A.Y., Lenoir, J., Makunina, N., Malanson, G.P., Mucina, L., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Peet, R.K., Peyre, G., Sabatini, F.M., Šibík, J., Sklenář, P., Vassilev, K., Virtanen, R., Wiser, S.K., Zibzeev, E.G., Jiménez-Alfaro, B
- …
