1,721,002 research outputs found
Psychophysiological Correlates of Shifting Between Levels of Automation
No full textThe main aim of this study was to investigate the effects on performance and workload of the shifting between levels of automation: from manual to automatic (forward shift) and from automatic to manual (backward shift). Three levels of difficulty of the Tetris game were implemented as task load conditions. Two versions of the game were also implemented: automated and manual. The automated version provided the participants a projection of the falling block on the lowest layer for making its placement easier. Results showed that the commonsense consideration that only shifts toward a lower level of automation should reflect poor performance and higher workload is unsupported. Forward shifts may affect performance as well, particularly when workload is moderate
Using the Distribution of Eye Fixations to Assess Pilots' Mental Workload
No full textBased on previous research showing the usefulness of spatial statistics in detecting randomness in the distribution of eye fixations, this study investigated the ocular behavior of professional pilots engaged in a simulated flight. The distribution of eye fixations is here used an index of mental workload. Eye movements were recorded during the different phases (departure to landing) of a simulated flight, and were analyzed using spatial statistics algorithms. Results showed sensitivity of spatial dispersion indices to variations in mental workload: higher during departure and landing, lower during the other phases. This result provides additional evidence of the utility of fixations distribution as a real-time measure of mental workload and, consequently, as a trigger for adaptive automation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dipinti su rame: storia, tecnica, fenomeni di degrado, diagnostica, indicazioni per la conservazione e il restauro
No full textChi voglia approfondire il tema della pittura su rame non si meravigli, se nonostante questa tecnica abbia una storia antica e fatta da nomi importanti, poco troverà sull’argomento. Famosi artisti italiani, fiamminghi e tedeschi scelsero la lamina di rame come supporto per i piccoli e raffinati dipinti. Sebastiano del piombo, il Correggio, il Vasari, il Bronzino, i Carracci, il Domenichino, Guido reni, Rembrandt, Rubens e in ultimo Canaletto sono solo alcuni dei nomi che partecipano alla stagione della pittura su rame.
Per quanto riguarda la conservazione di queste opere, nella pratica comune, i restauratori e conservatori dei musei hanno quasi sempre proceduto con le stesse modalità con cui si trattano i dipinti mobili costituiti da supporti più comuni come tele e tavole, ignorando la specificità della tecnica.
Questa pubblicazione vuole quindi essere uno strumento, utili a chi per motivi professionali, per necessità di studio, per interesse personale o per semplice curiosità, vuole comprendere meglio la natura, la storia ed i problemi di questa tipologia di opere ritenute un tempo vanto della “Wunderkammern” dei palazzi nobiliari e delle residenze della ricca borghesia europea
Yes, construction cost, time and scope are important, but there is more: a new action plan for infrastructure success
Full text linkPurpose: During the planning and delivery, iron triangle criteria, are essential for internal stakeholders (e.g. owner, sponsors and delivery company), mostly ignoring external stakeholders such as local communities (often perceived as inconvenient) or end users. In the medium-long term, infrastructure cost and benefit are far more important for external stakeholders and the environment. Design/methodology/approach: The iron triangle criteria, i.e. delivering on time, budget and quality/scope, is the traditional perspective to assess the success of infrastructure projects. Delivering on cost and time is significant, but particularly for infrastructure, there are more relevant success criteria. The authors argue which criteria are important, and explain why. Findings: The authors challenge the traditional view of judging projects based on respecting time, budget and quality/scope. The authors explain that discussing the social value and contribution to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is extremely relevant. Crucially these metrics keep changing, even after the project is terminated. Originality/value: The authors provide a new seven-step action plan for decision-makers to improve infrastructure provision by reflecting on SDGs and engaging with external stakeholders, particularly minorities and the weaker members of their communities. Such an action plan is focused on the cost and value for different stakeholders on different timeframes and progress toward social value and achieving SDGs
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