12 research outputs found
Perakitan Kelapa Hibrida Intervarietas Dan Pengembangannya Di Indonesia
Get PDFThe Coconut Hybrid from Intervarieties Hybridization and its Development in IndonesiaThe objective of coconut intervarities hybridization in Indonesia is to find out some coconut accessions which are early bearing, high production, medium input, resistant to pest and diseases, spesific location , and suitable with consumer needs. Some of potential coconut hybrids produced by ICOPRI, such as Tall x Tall hybrids namely KB-1,2,3,4 and coconut hybrid Dwarf x Tall namely KHINA 1, 2, and 3 were released by the Minister of Agriculture in 1984. Moreover, some of Dwarf x Tall hybrids which were suitable for dry area and wet climate had been tested, there were GRA x DMT, GKB X DMT, GKN x DTE, and GKB X DTE. The production of those hybrids were approximately 3 tonnes copra/hectar/year with medium input. Coconut hybrids wich were tolerant to swampy area were GSK x DRU, GTT x DRU, and GKN X DRU, and there were also 25 coconut hybrids which were resistant to bud rot and nut fall diseases. PB-121 and NIWA hybrids were planted around 244,000 hectars, but the productions were not optimal. The problems faced in the field were that these hybrids need high input, sensitive to bud rot and nut fall diseases, and nut size was small so that it was not accepted by the consumers especially coconut factories. In the future, the development of coconut hybrid Dwarf x Tall is still needed to accelerate increasing of coconut productivity. The consept proposed for the development is using local coconut hybrids wich have characteristics early bearing, high production, medium input, medium to big size of nuts, resistant to bud rot and nut fall diseases and spesific location
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTER VEGETATIF DE NGAN PRODUKSI PATI SAGU BARUQ
No full textABSTRAK Sagu baruq merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat yang diambil dari batang. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah seleksi produksi pati pada setiap pohon. Banyak atau sedikitnya produksi pati akan diketahui setelah pohon ditebang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi genetik plasma nutfah sagu baruq, terutama untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan produksi pati, yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan seleksi tetua. Salah satu alat yang bisa digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi ini adalah metode sidik lintas. Karakter yang diamati adalah tinggi batang, jumlah daun, panjang rachis, panjang dan lebar petiol, panjang, lebar, dan jumlah anak daun, serta berat batang, empulur, dan pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengacu pada metode Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan tahun 2005. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis koefisien korelasinya untuk mengetahui hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung karakter-karakter vegetatif dengan berat tepung sebagai komponen hasil. Perhitungan koefisien lintas mengacu pada metode matriks oleh Singh dan Chaudari. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat enam karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat tepung dan dapat dijadikan seleksi peningkatan produksi pati sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah. Sementara itu, di Manganitu, terdapat sembilan karakter yang dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan tanaman. Selain pengaruh langsung, dihasilkan juga 12 pengaruh tidak langsung yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai kriteria seleksi populasi sagu baruq di Tabukan Tengah dan 10 pengaruh tidak langsung untuk Manganitu.Kata kunci: Arenga macrocarpha, hubungan, karakter vegetatif, produksi pati Relationship Between Vegetative Characters an d SagoBaruq Starch Production From Sangihe District ABSTRACT Baruq sagu is an important source of carbohydrate from the stem, constrain in cultivation was difficulty in selecting high yield plants. The experiment was conducted at the District Tabukan Tengah and Manganitu Sangihe Regency, North Sulawesi in May 2012. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic information for germplasm of sago Baruq, especially to determine the correlation between vegetative characters and the production of starch, which later can be used as the selection of mother palms. One of the tools that can be used to obtain this information was the method of path analysis. Research methods used was direct observation in the field. The number of plants observed for each site 1 0 trees, which were randomly selected. Characters observed were plant height, number of leaves, rachis length, length of petiol, petiol width, length of the leaf, width of leaf, number of leaves, stems weight, pith weight, and weight of starch. The collected data were analyzed to determine the direct and indirect relationship between vegetative characters and weight of starch using path analysis. The result showed that 10 vegetative characters of Baruq sago population in Tabukan Tengah District, Sangihe regency produced six characters directly influence the character of the starch weight and can be used as selection criteria to increasing production of baruq sago starch. Meanwhile, in District Manganitu 9 characters can be used as selection criteria for crop improvement. In addition to the direct effects, 12 indirect effects can be considered as a selection criteria for sago baruq population in District Tabukan Tengah and 10 indirect effects for the population baruq sago in the District Manganitu. Keywords: Arenga macrocarpha , relationships, vegetative character, starch productio
KERAGAMAN FENOTIPE DAN GENETIK TIGA VARIETAS KELAPA GENJAH KOPYOR ASAL PATI JAWA TENGAH
Get PDFKelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati, Jawa Tengah merupakan kekayaaan hayati asli Indonesia dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Informasi keragaman genetik kelapa kopyor masih terbatas. Data keragaman morfologi dan genetik diperlukan dalam program pemuliaan kelapa kopyor. Penelitian ini mempelajari keragaman tiga varietas kelapa genjah kopyor asal Pati yang telah dilepas berdasarkan karakter morfologi, kuantitas endosperma, dan keragaman alel marka SSR. Penelitian dilakukan di Pati dan di Laboratorium Plant Molecular Biology, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap tiga populasi kelapa Genjah kopyor (hijau, coklat, dan kuning) dengan 30 tanaman sampel untuk setiap populasi. Rataan data morfologi digunakan untuk menyusun dendogram. Kuantitas endosperma diamati pada satu buah kelapa kopyor per tanaman yang dievaluasi. Karakteristik endosperma dikelompokkan sesuai kategori yang telah ditetapkan. Untuk setiap populasi, analisis marka dengan lima pasang primer SSR dilakukan pada 10 tanaman sampel. Data yang didapat digunakan untuk menentukan keragaman genetik kelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan keragaman morfologis dan alel SSR antar tanaman dalam varietasnya (keragaman intra-varietas) rendah. Sebaliknya, keragaman morfologis dan alel SSR antar varietasnya tinggi. Kuantitas endosperma kelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati bervariasi antara skor 1–6. Keragaman genetik yang rendah dalam varietas dan tinggi antar ketiga varietas (coklat, hijau, dan kuning) memperkuat pelepasan ketiganya sebagai varietas lokal. Selain itu, keragaman genetik antar tanaman dalam varietas yang rendah mendukung penggunaan ketiga varietas lokal sebagai tetua dalam program perakitan varietas kelapa kopyor unggul baru. Tetua yang dipilih dapat diseleksi intra-varietas berdasarkan persentase buah kopyor per tandan dan skor kuantitas endosperma yang tinggi
Keragaman Fenotipe Dan Genetik Tiga Varietas Kelapa Genjah Kopyor Asal Pati Jawa Tengah
Get PDFKopyor dwarf coconuts are mutants from Pati, Central Java havinghigh economic values. However, morphological and genetic diversities ofthis coconut were still limited. Morphological and genetic diversity dataare needed for breeding program. The research objectives were to evaluateintra and inter-specific diversity based on morphology, endospermquantity, and SSR alleles. Field evaluations were conducted in Pati whilelaboratory activities were at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Three populations ofkopyor dwarf varieties (brown, green, and yellow) were evaluated. Thirtytrees were sampled for each population. The average of morphologicaldata were used to construct cluster analysis. Endosperm quantity wasscored (0 – 9) based on a single nut sample. Ten palms were analyzedusing five SSR loci for each population and used to determine geneticdiversity of populations. Results of observations indicated intra-varietymorphological and SSR allele variations among kopyor dwarf was low.However, inter-variety variations were high. The endosperm quantityscores among kopyor dwarf coconut ranged from 1–6. The low intra-variety and high inter-variety variations among the three kopyor dwarfcoconut supported their release as different local varieties. Moreover, thelow intra-variety phenotypic and genotypic diversities among kopyorbrown, green, and yellow dwarf coconut support their use as parents fornew and superior kopyor coconut variety development in the future. Forsuch purpose, however, it is necessary to conduct intra-variety selection toidentify desirable parents based on high kopyor fruit percentage per bunchand for high kopyor endosperm quantity
Compensation for victims of sexual violence in South Africa : a human rights approach to remedial criminal compensation provisions
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.The author questioned why state attorneys, prosecutors and magistrates/judges in South Africa rarely review the compensation concerns of sexual violence complainants and witnesses in criminal sentencing matters, and in quasi-criminal civil forfeiture proceedings, as is frequently done for other classes of complainants (namely, commercial crime complainants and victims of violent crime in general). A conclusion was reached, after conducting extensive research for this thesis, that offender and state compensation processes were sparingly utilized in cases of sexual violence, in part, due to institutional biases that resulted in discrimination. The above finding was substantiated by way of twenty-seven (27) interviews with criminal justice role-players, eight (8) court file case studies and forty-seven (47) victim surveys. The above subject matter is important because failures by criminal justice state role-players to review the compensation concerns of sexual violence victims, on account of biases, causes real harm to these vulnerable complainants. For example, research in this thesis confirmed that state and offender compensation can assist sexual violence complainants with their cultural obligations, court appearances and post-assault health expenses and to pre-empt compensation reviews on account of biases disrupts victims' post assault recoveries. Further, compensation can assist sexual violence complainants with security related expenses, including relocation costs, so as to avoid repeated victimization
Upscaled Al-Fumarate Synthesis and Shaping by Spray Drying
No full textThis study presents a spray-drying Al-fumarate synthesis that allows simultaneous synthesis and workup. This all-in-one step synthesis produces calibrated Al-fumarate grains of high quality without the need for further processing. Obtained materials are characterized by PXRD, TGA, N2 and H2O adsorption, PSD, and microscopy imaging. The synthesis has been upscaled to the 60 kg scale. Whereas all reported synthesis routes in the aqueous phase proceed in base conditions by addition of NaOH, the synthesis reported herein is obtained at a pH below 3, with aluminum isopropoxide acting as a base that can steadily react with fumaric acid without the need for pH adjustment. Major differences in the large meso- to macroporous structure are observed depending on the drying process, with an absence of intergranular porosity for the spray-dried pilot batch, reflecting the high-density nature of the obtained MOF powder. Large productivity can be achieved at spray-driers due to their important evaporation capacity (up to several hundreds of tons of/h), opening the perspectives of mass production of Al-fumarate. Air dehumidification in a fluidized bed is carried out as a proof-of-concept application. The fluidized bed’s breakthrough curve profile, with a longer t50%, is in line with a better column isothermicity, connected to the fluidization conditions. Ultimately, we developed a comprehensive 3-in-1 process that integrates synthesis, drying, and shaping while also exploring its potential for production intensification. We believe that this synthesis approach could pave the way for the scalable production of other Al-MOFs, a topic currently under investigation.We would like to thank Bertrand Rebière from the Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM, Montpellier, France) for the SEM pictures and Fibroline SA (Limonest, France) for the sphere size distribution measurements. We also thank the MOFapps and SYSPROD projects for their financial support. We warmly thank Dr. Estelle Dalod and Dr. Didier Bonnet (Axel’One) for their scientific and administrative support in the use of the spray-dryer facilities (Axel’One) and IFPEN for granting access to the pilot. IJL members acknowledge the funding of the PEPRH2-SOLHYD project (ANR-22-PEHY-0007). This work was supported by the Catalan AGAUR (project 2021 SGR 00458) and by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is supported by the Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme, Grant CEX2021-001214-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039.501100011033. I.I. and D.M. thank Grant ref. TED2021-129773B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101058565 (AMBHER project). Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excelence" accreditation (CEX2021-001214-S)Peer reviewe
PRODUKTIVITAS SIFAT KIMIA DAGING DAN AIR BUAH ENAM JENIS KELAPA HIBRIDA
No full textProductivity, chemical characteristics of coconut meat and water of six coconut hybridsThis research was conducted in Kima Atas Research Station-North Sulawesi for 10 years (1988-1998). The altitude is 80 meters above sea level, with soil type young vulcanic and climate type Ri Oldeman. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block design with 5 replications, the number of palms was each 12 for treatment planted at 9 m x 9 m tiangle. The treatment consisted of six hybrids viz: Raja Dwarf (GRA) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Mapanget Tall (DMT), Bali Yellow Dwarf (GKB) x Takome Tall (DTE), Nias Yellow Dwarf (GKN) x Takome Tall (DTF), and GKN x DTA (Khina-1) with GKN x WAT (PB-121) as control. The observation was done on the time of lowering, coconut and copra production, resistence to Phytophthora and chemical characteistics of coconut meat and water. The results of the expeiment showed that the time of lowering of GRA x DMT, GKB x DMT and GKN x DTE hybrids were not sipificantly diferent from with Khrna-I and PB-121 as control. At the 9* year, the nuts production per palm per year of GKN x DTE and GKB x DTE hybids were higher compared to other hybrids, but from the 8-9* years. the copra production of four hybrids were higher than PB-121 and Khina-I. The hybrids GRA x DMT and GKB x DTE wee more esistant to Phytophthora. The protein and oil content per palm of four hybids and Khina-1 wee better than that of PB-121
DAMPAK EKONOMI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN KELAPA TERPADU DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Get PDFABSTRAKAkselerasi adopsi teknologi pengelolaan kelapa terpadu merupakankegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat diseminasi teknologi danmengevaluasi model yang telah dikembangkan oleh Balitka di DesaKaleosan, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara pada tahun 2004-2006.Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan dilaksanakan padabulan November 2006. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristikpetani, tingkat penerapan teknologi, serta usahatani. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi (1) tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi anjuran, (2) dampak teknologi terhadap pendapatan petani, dan(3) keberlanjutan organisasi kelompok tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tingkat adopsi dan difusi teknologi pembibitan kelapa dan tanamansela jagung direspon cukup baik, dengan kisaran tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi sebesar 57,33-70,33. Kegiatan integrasi kelapa dengan ternakbabi serta pengolahan VCO tidak terjadi proses difusi, walaupun tingkatadopsi pada kelompok tani cukup tinggi dengan kisaran 60,00 – 85,33.Dampak ekonomi dari penerapan teknologi anjuran tanaman sela danpengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas kelapa menunjukkan dampak yangpositif, dengan nilai kelayakan finansial BCR dan MBCR >1. Dampakkeberlanjutan organisasi kedua kelompok tani berada pada kelompokberkembang.Kata kunci : Kelapa, sistem usahatani, adopsi teknologi, percepatanABSTRACTAcceleration of management technology adoption ofintegrated coconut in North Minahasa regionIntegrated coconut management technology is a disseminationmodel to accelerate technology adoption in Kaleosan Village, NorthMinahasa in year 2004 – 2006. The research used survey method and wasconducted in November 2006. The data collected included farmers’characteristic, level of technology implementation, and farming systemanalysis. The purpose of this research was to gather information about (1)adoption and diffusion level of recommended technology, (2) impact oftechnology toward farmers’ income, (3) and the continuation of farmers’organization. The research result showed that the adoption stage ofcoconut seedling technology and corn intercropping was responded fairlywith the adoption stage and technologi diffusion of 57.33 – 70.33. Thediffusion process did not happen in the activity of coconut integration withpig cattle and VCO processing, eventhough the adoption stage of farmersgroup was relatively high, about 60.00 – 85.33. Economic impact ofrecommended intercropping technology application and the effect oncoconut productivity showed a positive result, with the BCR and MBCRvalues of > 1. The continuity of both farmers groups has been still indeveloping level.Key words : Coconut, farming system, technology adoption, integratio
