1,720,954 research outputs found
Boxes and sound quality in an Italian opera house
No full textThe `Teatro Comunale' (City Theatre) in Bologna is an Italian opera house of the 18th century, designed by the famous architect Antonio Galli Bibiena. Largely built in masonry, it has been only partially restored and altered several times, but never destroyed and rebuilt. The study of its acoustics, while interesting for itself, offers the opportunity to investigate the role of the boxes, which constitute the most evident characteristic of Italian opera houses. The study was carried on at first by measurements, acquiring binaural impulse responses in the stalls and in the boxes, and then by computer simulation, modelling also some changes which cannot be done in the real hall. The measurements revealed clear differences between the listening quality in the boxes and in the stalls, especially regarding ITDG, clarity and IACC. Computer simulations show how the sound field in the historical theatre could be if the sound absorption of the boxes were changed, adding some velvet curtains, as was done in ancient times, and clarify the effects of the cavities which constitutes the boxes
Modelli di simulazione ed auralizzazione
No full textLa progettazione, il restauro o il riadattamento di una sala richiedono di preve-dere la risposta acustica della stessa; tuttavia la complessità dei fenomeni fisici in gioco, per una forma qualunque della sala e con i vari oggetti e materiali presenti, sconsiglia un approccio analitico diretto. Un metodo alternativo è offerto dai modelli di simulazione numerica, che si avvantaggiano del continuo aumento di prestazioni dei computer. Un modello deve riprodurre correttamente i fenomeni fisici oggetto di indagine, pur risultando più semplificato ed economico in relazione ad un analogo studio del caso reale. È possibile utilizzare il medesimo modello di base per valutare rapidamente alternative diverse, in riferimento sia alla geometria, sia alle caratteristiche di assorbimento acustico e diffusione delle superfici, sia per quanto concerne numero, potenza sonora, direttività e posizione delle sorgenti, sia infine per numero e collocazio-ne dei ricevitori. Lo studio su modello è poi insostituibile per valutare la qualità acustica di un progetto (per esempio di un auditorium) ante operam, cioè prima ancora che esso venga realizzato. I modelli numerici sono anche stati usati per ricostruire l’acustica di antichi teatri alterati o distrutti nel tempo o per verificare studi teorici.
La simulazione dei campi acustici può essere affrontata secondo diversi livelli di accuratezza, senza per questo falsarne gli obiettivi. Infatti molti fenomeni legati alla natura ondulatoria del suono, quali l’interferenza o la diffrazione, sovente non condizionano in maniera determinante il risultato, ed è così possibile studiare il campo acustico secondo semplici leggi geometriche. È per esempio questo il caso di molte sale moderne, dove in genere si ha a che fare con poche e ben localizzate sorgenti sonore e con pareti per lo più lisce e di dimensioni nettamente superiori anche rispetto ai valori maggiori delle lunghezze d’onda in gioco. La variabilità del grado di approssimazione richiesto ha fatto sì che venissero sviluppate diverse tecniche previsionali, orientate specificamente alle singole esigenze di applicazione. Fondamentalmente, si possono considerare tre diversi tipi di approssimazione:
- approssimazione sul dominio spaziale;
- approssimazione sul contorno del dominio spaziale;
-approssimazione del campo acustico
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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