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    Characteristic length and curvature of the AOT/brine/squalane “sponge” L3 phases

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    The effect of salinity (NaCl concentration) was determined at 25 ​°C for systems composed of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and equal volumes of squalane and brine. At all the NaCl concentrations the samples are triphasic with an upper phase made of pure squalane while brine is present in two other phases. At NaCl concentration (in brine) below 1.6 %w/v there is the coexistence of lamellar and sponge (L3) phases. Loading with NaCl above 1.6 %w/v one observes the coexistence of L3 and pure brine. The amount of AOT dissolved in the AOT bilayer has been quantified by thermogravimetric analysis. At salinity above 2 %w/v of NaCl in brine, the AOT sponge phase shrinks expelling brine and the squalane whose presence in the bilayer becomes negligible. The L3 phases have been further characterized by SAXS and diffusion-NMR. The measured self-diffusion coefficients of water and AOT are essentially coincident with those measured at the same salinity in the absence of squalane. The SAXS curves of sponge phases have been fitted to a single equation accounting for the contributions of the bilayer structure and of the large-scale interactions allowing the determination of the average interpore separation D∗ and the bilayer correlation length ξ. The correlation length has been interpreted as reflecting static randomness of connected bilayer instead of the dynamic thermal undulations. Considering the correlation length as the displacement along the bilayer surface subtending a critical angular change (θ∗) below which the surface appears as flat, permits to define the curvature (H) as |H| [Formula presented]. The correlation length scales linearly with the square of the bilayer volume fraction as proposed by a previous theoretical model assuming the sponge phases are thermodynamically constrained to a curvature that equals the spontaneous curvature

    Letter responds to comments on: Head bandage after otoplasty: How long should it be worn?

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    Otoplasty is a surgical procedure often performed to correct prominent ears, with the goal of normalizing their shape and position. Various surgical techniques can be utilized to create the antihelical fold if it is missing and/or to reduce the conchal bowl if it is prominent

    Hiv and sexual dysfunction in men

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    Sexual issues tend to go unaddressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) man-agement, although overt sexual dysfunctions are more prevalent in people living with HIV than uninfected people. Erectile dysfunction is the most frequent sexual problem, with a prevalence of 30–50% even in men <40 years of age, but other issues such as loss of libido and ejaculatory disorders should not be overlooked. Peculiar factors related to HIV infection (e.g., fear of virus trans-mission, changes in body image, HIV-related comorbidities, HIV distress and stigma), alongside classical factors non-related to HIV, should be considered when approaching sexual problems in HIV patients. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic workout of sexual dysfunction in the context of HIV requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving specialists in both infectious diseases and sexual medicine. This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on sexual dysfunction in HIV men, deepening the factors driving and taking part in these issues, providing advice for the clinical approach, and underlining the importance of caring for sexual health to improve the quality of life of HIV patients
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