1,721,083 research outputs found
Postoperative renal function after nephron sparing surgery: no ischemia versus extremely short ischemia.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Redox Control of the Immune Response in the Hepatic Progenitor Cell Niche
No full textThe liver commonly self-regenerates by a proliferation of mature cell types. Nevertheless, in case of severe or protracted damage, the organ renewal is mediated by the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), adult progenitors capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocyte lineages. This regeneration process is determined by the formation of a stereotypical niche surrounding the emerging progenitors. The organization of the HPC niche microenvironment is crucial to drive biliary or hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, this is the site of a complex immunological activity mediated by several immune and non-immune cells. Indeed, several cytokines produced by monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes may promote the activation of HPCs in the niche. On the other side, HPCs may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by liver inflammation. The inflamed liver is characterized by high generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which in turn lead to the oxidation of macromolecules and the alteration of signaling pathways. Reactive species and redox signaling are involved in both the immunological and the adult stem cell regeneration processes. It is then conceivable that redox balance may finely regulate the immune response in the HPC niche, modulating the regeneration process and the immune activity of HPCs. In this perspective article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of reactive species in the regulation of hepatic immunity, suggesting future research directions for the study of redox signaling on the immunomodulatory properties of HPCs
Umbilical Port Site in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Possible Strategy to Avoid Complications
No full textAntegrade cholecystectomy before ligating the elements. A technique that reduces complications
No full textBACKGROUND: In open surgery, the most common approach is Retrograde approach ("fundus first"), while is less frequent in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Antegrade access, is obtained by putting in traction the infundibulum and reaching up to the fundus right before clipping the cystic. Our study analyzes a number of surgical procedures performed by surgeons with long experience in laparoscopy. METHODS: From 2002 to 2017, 2020 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed at our Institution. The operative technique used since 2002 is the following: incision of the visceral peritoneum from the infundibulum away from Calot's triangle along the gallbladder bed up to the fundus and then to the infundibulum. RESULTS: No bile duct injuries happened. Average operative time was 38 min. 30 conversions to an open procedure (1.5%) occurred, in patients with cholecystitis and cirrhosis Postoperative stay was mean 2 days with no delayed complications on follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Gallbladder antegrade dissection for laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be an easier approach and may reduce the time of surgery. So it may be used as the standard procedure and not only be used for complicated cholecystectomies. KEY WORDS: Difficult cholecystectomy, Laparoscopy, Antegrade dissection, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystitis, Fundus first
A summary of immediate results in pancreatic and biliary surgery
No full textThe pancreatic surgery can result in high postoperative morbidity rates. Pancreatic resections are among the major surgical procedures such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), Puestow, Beger—Frey procedure,distal resection etc., with operative mortality rates less than 5%, showing a stable reduction, referred to the last two decades, but also a stable high morbidity rates (30-60%). Pancreatic fistula is the most relevant complication of pancreatic surgery. Other specific complications of pancreatic surgery may occur with variable incidence: delayed gastric emptying after PD, postoperative hemorrhage following pancreatic resection in the immediate postoperative period or delayed 10-15 days, gastrojejunal anastomotic fistula after PD, enteric fistula after laparostomies/relaparotomies as treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis, intrabdominal abscess following necrosectomy for infected pancreatic necrosis by acute pancreatitis or after pancreatico-jejunostomy. Biliary surgery presents very variable range of complexity. The bile duct injuries are the major complications of biliary surgery; their incidence, very frequently related to cholecystectomy,with open or laparoscopic approach, varies from 0,2% to 0,8%. These injuries can be recognized during operative procedures or in the postoperative period, early or late. In any case the biliary injury can be followed by long-term morbidity, multiple radiological and surgical therapeutical procedures and mortality. Other complications are the biliary strictures due to pathological evolution of bile duct injury or of bilio-digestive anastomosis. The evaluation of omogenous clinical cases of biliopancreatic surgery’s complications, from our experience, can allow us to clarify the choices of the treatments. Pancreatic and biliary surgical complications include an ample range of clinical conditions. This study reviews the more common postoperative pancreatic and biliary complications, their prevention and treatment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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