1,720,958 research outputs found
Statistical control of commercial detergents production through fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy
No full textMultivariate statistical control in conjunction with mid-infrared spectroscopy was implemented to monitor the quality of commercial detergents. The approach was developed by estimating the Hotelling T2 and Square Prediction Error Q statistics. A joint analysis of these two scalars has led to the introduction of a bivariate probability density function, which brings to the proposal of a novel normal operating region for the process. The sensitivity to detect abnormal processes is shown to be improved, with a correct identification of the detergent samples out of specifications
Polymorphic behavior of isonicotinamide in cooling crystallization from various solvents
No full textIn this work the nucleation of different polymorphs of isonicotinamide (INA) from different solvents has been studied. The metastable zone width of INA in cooling crystallization from five different solvents has been investigated and attempts have been made to reveal the link between the INA molecular self association to the polymorphism of the nucleated crystals using ATR FT-IR (Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared) and Raman spectroscopy. Raman and IR spectra of INA dissolved in different solvents have demonstrated that the INA molecules might associate in different configurations, whereas, the link between the structure of the molecular self-association and the structure of the nucleated polymorph is complicated by the influence of INA concentration. This is consistent with our previous study with piroxicam. The cooling crystallization of INA from five different solvents resulted in two different polymorphs depending on the initial concentration of the solution. The results obtained in the present work showed that information about self-association of an API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) in a given solvent is not sufficient to predict the polymorphic behavior in all scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Application of combined multivariate techniques for the description of time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction data
No full textIn this work, multivariate statistical techniques are employed to determine patterns and conversion curves from time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction data. For these purposes, time-window statistical total correlation spectroscopy is introduced for the pattern matching of the crystalline phase and is shown to be effective even in the case of overlapping peaks. When combined with evolving factor analysis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares, this technique allows a definite estimation of patterns and conversion curves. The procedure is applied to in situ synchrotron powder diffraction patterns to monitor the setting reaction of magnesium potassium phosphate ceramic (MKP) from magnesia (MgO) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. It is shown that the phases involved in the reaction are clearly distinguished and their evolution is correctly described. The conversion curves estimated with the proposed procedure are compared with the ones determined with the peak integration method, leading to an excellent agreement (Pearson's correlation coefficient equal to 0.9995 and 0.9998 for MgO and MKP, respectively). The approach also allows for the detection and description of the evolution of amorphous phases that cannot be described through conventional analysis of powder diffraction data
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Detection of Nucleation during Cooling Crystallization through Moving Window PCA Applied to in Situ Infrared Data
No full textThe method here proposed based on the moving window principal component analysis can be employed in time-varying processes tracked through in situ spectroscopy. In the case under investigation, it aimed to detect the nucleation during crystallization processes. For this purpose, statistical indexes were employed, and the contribution plot helped identifying the spectral variables that were changing due to nucleation. Isonicotinamide was here considered as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, and its cooling crystallization was monitored by means of in situ infrared spectroscopy. The procedure allowed to overcome issues that may be encountered with static principal component analysis, since it could distinguish the slow-varying changes due to external perturbations (temperature) from abnormal events such as the sudden concentration decrease related to the crystallization. The proposed method was demonstrated to correctly detect nucleation without any a priori knowledge of the peaks involved in the process, leading the false alarm rate from 77.38% (obtained with the static principal component analysis) to 6.9%
- …
