1,721,007 research outputs found
The Florentine art of painting on tile in the fifteenth-sixteenth centuries: Evidences from the examination of artworks by Fra Bartolommeo
No full textHazard assessment, monitoring and rapid mapping of natural and man-made structures
No full textLocal authorities responsible for land management are increasingly tackling with the issues related to urban development and the protection of natural and cultural heritage. The progressive fund reduction for ordinary activities of risk assessment at local scale encourages the development and implementation of cost-effective surveying methods. We designed a RTK GPS-supported method suitable to facilitate the collection of position and height parameters of morphologic and man-made elements on the ground, benefitting of fast acquisition over huge areas of investigation and unambiguous positioning with centimetre level accuracy. We present the results of experimentations performed on two distinct typologies of structural systems — (re-shaped) riverbanks and dykes; extended archaeological monuments —, whose maintenance is nowadays crucial, respectively, for the public safety from floods and the economic and touristic enhancement. A comprehensive mapping of the riverbanks and hydraulic works was carried out along both the sides of the Arno River, actually considered by the Civil Protection Department as the second most hazardous natural system in Italy. The combination of GPS measurements and mapping/cartography background led to the hazard assessment, improving the knowledge on the urban/suburban areas highly susceptible to floods. Parallel tests were executed on the archaeological heritage of Rome (Italy), exploiting the RTK GPS measures to validate deformation data (2003–2010) retrieved from a satellite radar monitoring by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. The detected displacements were correctly spatially attributed to the elements on the ground and the critical sectors were identified, sending a prompt warning to the monument conservators with direct benefits for restoration planning
Monitoring of Damages to Cultural Heritage across Europe Using Remote Sensing and Earth Observation: Assessment of Scientific and Grey Literature
Full text linkThis research is part of a wider framework of index literature studies that have been conducted in the past few years. Some of these have had a focus on specific remote sensing (RS) technologies, while others have tackled specific threats to cultural heritage and landscapes. By considering both damages to heritage sites and technologies used for documentation and the monitoring of such occurrences, this paper unveils the current trends on a global scale in the study of the threats to heritage caused by both human-induced and natural hazards. Papers published by Europe-based researchers over the last 20 years using RS and Earth Observation (EO) techniques were surveyed alongside recommendations and programmatic documents issued by institutions in charge of heritage protection and management of several countries in Europe. Around 300 documents, including scientific articles (published from 2000 until 2022) and Grey literature (from 2008 and 2022), were analysed. The data collection and analysis were undertaken by a working group that was intentionally composed to bring together diverse perspectives and expertise, i.e., requirements of heritage professionals using RS and EO technologies, knowledge on technologies and their use in the field, and expertise in methodology implementation to support heritage management. The results highlight the type of hazards considered the most and the geographical distribution of the archaeological sites and monuments targeted by these studies; the countries the researchers are affiliated with; the types of RS and specifically satellite-based technologies used (and hence the type of data used); the tendencies of satellite data usage-visual interpretation, image processing, employment of machine learning, and AI; the technologies most applied by public institutions and practitioners; and many others. Recommendations and future trajectories are then outlined to efficiently reframe discrepancies between types of damage that have received the greatest attention in the literature and the most impactful ones in terms of the number of sites damaged
La tecniva della tempera nel tardo Trecento fiorentino. Indagini su un polittico di Giovanni del Biondo
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Rock and stone weathering at Citadel fortifications, Gozo (Malta): benefits from terrestrial laser scanning combined with conventional investigations
No full textMilitary architecture heritage is frequently built on rock masses affected by slope instability and weathering processes, which progressively undermine the foundations and cause collapses and toppling of the masonries. The latter can be also weakened by alteration of the stone surfaces, as a consequence of the interactions with the local environmental conditions. These conservation issues are emphasized for those sites, whose susceptibility to structural damages is also due to the similarity between the lithotypes constituting the geologic substratum and the construction materials. Effective solutions for the protection from such a type of phenomena can be achieved if the whole "rock mass - built heritage system" is analyzed. In this perspective, we propose a new approach for the study of the weathering processes affecting historic hilltop sites, taking benefits from the combination of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and conventional investigations, the latter including geotechnical and minero-petrographic analyses. In particular, the results here presented were obtained from specific tests on the fortifications of Citadel, Gozo (Malta), performed in co-operation with the Restoration Unit, Works Division, Maltese Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs and the private company Politecnica Ingegneria e Architettura. The Citadel fortifications are built at the top of a relatively stiff and brittle limestone plate, formed by Upper Coralline Limestone (UCL) and overlying a thick Blue Clay (BC) layer. Differential weathering creates extensively fractured ledges on the cap and erosion niches in the strata beneath, thereby favouring block detachment, even rockfall events, such as the last one occurred in 2001. The locally quarried Globigerina Limestone (GL), historically employed in restoration masonries, is also exposed to alveolization and powdering, and several collapses damaged the underwalling interventions. Since the erosion pattern distribution suggested a correlation with the structural setting of the rock mass and the mineralogical properties of the limestones, an overall weathering study was carried out, by combining surface surveys with analyses of the inner structure. A holistic TLS point cloud of Citadel, produced by Consorzio Ferrara Ricerche of the University of Ferrara and made available by the Restoration Unit, was exploited to perform a 3D quantitative kinematic analysis of the entire rock mass. Each sector was classified in relation to the probability of occurrence of instability mechanisms, among which plane failure, block toppling and wedge failure. The latter was found associated with the highest index measured (30%), followed by the flexural toppling mechanism (17%), providing a confirmation to the field survey and the results of geotechnical analyses. The integration with geologic and diagnostic investigations (e.g., boreholes, thin section observations) highlighted the intrinsic weaknesses of the rocks and stones to weathering, with a quite unexpected higher susceptibility to erosion and disaggregation characterizing the inner layers. Hence, the textural appearance of the erosion surfaces, the rock/stone structural properties and the TLS-based classification of the cliff sectors were mutually correlated, and the most unstable areas were mapped. As main implication for the conservation, on site monitoring system (i.e., biaxial inclinometers and crack gauges) was installed and targeted restorations have been properly designed
Il monitoraggio radar satellitare di sistemi archeologici a sviluppo lineare: applicazioni innovative su acquedotti romani e Mura Aureliane
No full textHolistic approach to stone heritage preservation on rock masses: experience at Gozo Citadel, Malta
No full textConservation of outdoor stone heritage built on unstable rock masses can benefit from a holistic approach which leads to an analysis of instability mechanisms of the geologic substratum, deterioration processes of the architectural surfaces and their mutual relationships over time. An analytical procedure combining on site and laboratory diagnostic investigations is here proposed, to deal with the conservation issues due to weathering in historic hilltop towns where the construction and restoration materials share petrographic properties and similar deterioration phenomena with the rocks of the substratum. Conventional and recently developed minero-petrographic, chemical and geotechnical tests were employed to analyze rock and stone samples from the calcareous rock mass, historical masonries and underwalls of the Citadel fortifications in Gozo, Malta. Appearance and spatial distribution of erosion patterns visible on the cliff surfaces were correlated to the rock textural properties, while the morphological study and mapping of the ledges and recesses clarified the past instability events and current rockfall hazard for the enceintes. Diagnosis of stone deterioration highlighted the intrinsic weaknesses of the historically used restoration and mitigation strategies. The identification of the most critical sectors led to the installation of on site monitoring system, to early warn in case of (re)activation of block detachment and/or tilting of the walls
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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