324,339 research outputs found
Data for ElectroPneumatic Pump paper 2021
No full textInlcuded here are data to support the paper: R. S. Diteesawat, T. Helps, M. Taghavi, J. Rossiter, Electro-pneumatic pumps for soft robotics. Sci. Robot. 6, eabc3721 (2021)
A review on the efficient catalysts for algae transesterification to biodiesel
No full textThe depletion of fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental pollution led to a trend for using alternative, clean, green, and sustainable fuel and energy resources. To attain this aim, using biomass as an alternative resource for diesel production has been a hotspot among researchers. Biodiesel has several advantages, such as being lower toxic and more renewable, and eco-friendlier than diesel from fossil fuel resources. Several edible and non-edible bio-sources were used for the production of biodiesel from the transesterification process. Algal oil as a non-edible source is considered an abundant, low cost and green substrate for biodiesel production. Various factors such as reaction conditions and the type of catalyst affect the biodiesel production process. Different catalytic systems such as basic and acidic homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts were introduced for the process in the literature, and each proposed catalyst has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, in spite of the lower cost and better mass transfer of base and acid homogeneous catalysts, reaction system corrosion, non-reusability, and soap formation are serious challenges of these catalysts at an industrial scale. On the other hand, acid and base heterogenous catalysts overcame the issues of corrosion and recovery, but some matters such as mass transfer limitation, high cost, and weak performance in catalyzing both esterification of FFAs and transesterification of lipids must be taken into account. In addition, bio-catalysis as a high-cost process led to a purer product formation with less side reaction. Therefore, several significant factors should be considered for transesterification catalysts such as availability, cost, reusability, stability, mass transfer, and the possibility to manage both the transesterification of triglycerides and the esterification of FFAs, selecting a catalyst with predominant pros is viable. Here, a review of the biodiesel production from algal biomass focusing on the efficient catalyst of the process is presented
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Improved Quantum Query Upper Bounds Based on Classical Decision Trees
No full textGiven a classical query algorithm as a decision tree, when does there exist a
quantum query algorithm with a speed-up over the classical one? We provide a
general construction based on the structure of the underlying decision tree,
and prove that this can give us an up-to-quadratic quantum speed-up. In
particular, we obtain a bounded-error quantum query algorithm of cost
to compute a Boolean function (more generally, a relation) that
can be computed by a classical (even randomized) decision tree of size .
Lin and Lin [ToC'16] and Beigi and Taghavi [Quantum'20] showed results of a
similar flavor, and gave upper bounds in terms of a quantity which we call the
"guessing complexity" of a decision tree. We identify that the guessing
complexity of a decision tree equals its rank, a notion introduced by
Ehrenfeucht and Haussler [Inf. Comp.'89] in the context of learning theory.
This answers a question posed by Lin and Lin, who asked whether the guessing
complexity of a decision tree is related to any complexity-theoretic measure.
We also show a polynomial separation between rank and randomized rank for the
complete binary AND-OR tree.
Beigi and Taghavi constructed span programs and dual adversary solutions for
Boolean functions given classical decision trees computing them and an
assignment of non-negative weights to its edges. We explore the effect of
changing these weights on the resulting span program complexity and objective
value of the dual adversary bound, and capture the best possible weighting
scheme by an optimization program. We exhibit a solution to this program and
argue its optimality from first principles. We also exhibit decision trees for
which our bounds are asymptotically stronger than those of Lin and Lin, and
Beigi and Taghavi. This answers a question of Beigi and Taghavi, who asked
whether different weighting schemes could yield better upper bounds
Catalytic Production of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Actual Biomass.
No full textCatalytic conversion of actual biomass to valuable chemicals is a crucial issue in green
chemistry. This review discusses on the recent approach in the levulinic acid (LA) formation from
three prominent generations of biomasses. Our paper highlights the impact of the nature of different
types of biomass and their complex structure and impurities, different groups of catalyst, solvents,
and reaction system, and condition and all related pros and cons for this process.Catalytic conversion of actual biomass to valuable chemicals is a crucial issue in green chemistry. This review discusses on the recent approach in the levulinic acid (LA) formation from three prominent generations of biomasses. Our paper highlights the impact of the nature of different types of biomass and their complex structure and impurities, different groups of catalyst, solvents, and reaction system, and condition and all related pros and cons for this process
Phytoremediation: plant-endophyte partnerships take the challenge Phytoremediation: plant-endophyte partnerships take the challenge
No full textA promising field to exploit plant-endophyte partnerships is the remediation of contaminated soils and (ground) water. Many plant growth promoting endophytes can assist their host plant to overcome contaminant-induced stress responses, thus providing improved plant growth. During phytoremediation of organic contaminants, plants can further benefit from endophytes possessing appropriate degradation pathways and metabolic capabilities, leading to more efficient contaminant degradation and reduction of both phytotoxicity and evapotranspiration of volatile contaminants. For phytoremediation of toxic metals, endophytes possessing a metal-resistance/sequestration system can lower metal phytotoxicity and affect metal translocation to the above-ground plant parts. Furthermore, endophytes that can degrade organic contaminants and deal with or, even better, improve extraction of the metals offer promising ways to improve phytoremediation of mixed pollution
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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