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Investigation of ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism, physical characteristics, and position—relation in football players: A team sample
Get PDFÇalışmamızda, profesyonel futbolcularda alfa aktinin-3 geni rs1815739 polimorfizmini belirlemeyi, genotip ve allel frekanslarını sedanter bireyler ile karşılaştırmayı hedefledik. Ayrıca
futbolcuların genotipleri ile mevkileri arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamayı amaçladık. Çalışmamıza
20 futbolcu katılmıştır. Spor geçmişi olmayan 76 katılımcı kontrol grubu olarak çalışmamıza
dahil olmuştur. DNA izolasyonu, kan örneklerinden PureLink DNA izolasyon kiti kullanılarak
üretici firmanın prosedürlerine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. rs1815739 polimorfizmi izole edilen
DNA materyalinden Real-Time PCR cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin istatiksel analizlerini IBM SPSS 21.0 (IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Corp., Armonk, NY,
ABD) programı kullanılarak kikare analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. p < ,05 değeri istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Futbolcularda 2 bireyde CC (%10), 7 bireyde CT (%35), 11 bireyde TT
(%55) genotipi gözlemlenmiştir. Kontrol grubunda CC, CT ve TT genotipleri sırasıyla 15 (%19,7),
41 (%53,9), 20 (%26,4) olarak tespit edilmiştir. C alleli futbolcularda 11 (27,5), kontrol grubunda
71 (%46,71); T alleli ise futbolcularda 29 (72,5), kontrol grubunda 81 (%53,29) olarak bulunmuştur. Futbolcu ile kontrol grubu arasında genotip (p=,049) ve allel (p=,028) bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Dayanıklılık gerektiren orta saha oyuncuları çoğunlukla
TT genotipinde, sprinter özellikteki santraforlar ise CC genotipinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde
edilen bulgular literatürle uyum sağlamakla birlikte benzer çalışmaların daha yüksek sayılı planlanması gerekmektedirWe aimed to determine the alpha actin-3 gene rs1815739 polymorphism in professional footballers and to compare genotype and allele frequencies with sedentary individuals. Also, we
aimed to determine the relationship between the genotypes of footballers and their positions.
Twenty footballers participated in our study. Seventy-six participants without sports background were included in our study as the control group. DNA isolation was performed from
blood samples using the PureLink DNA isolation kit according to the manufacturer’s procedures. rs1815739 polymorphism was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction
device. Statistical analyses of the obtained data were carried out with chi-square analysis using
IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences 21.0 (IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences
Corp.) program. A value of p < .05 was considered statistically significant. CC genotype was
observed in 2 individuals (10%), CT (35%) in 7 individuals, and TT (55%) in 11 individuals in footballers. In the control group, the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were determined as 15 (19.7%), 41
(53.9%), 20 (26.4%), respectively. The C allele was 11 (27.5) in footballers and 71 (46.71%) in the
control group; the T allele was found to be 29 (72.5) in footballers and 81 (53.29%) in the control
group. A statistically significant difference was found between the footballers and the control
group in terms of genotype (p=.049) and allele (p=.028). It was determined that midfielders who require endurance are mostly in the TT genotype, while the sprinter strikers are in the CC genotype. Although the findings
are compatible with the literature, similar studies should be planned with higher numbers
Investigation of the Relationship between Anxiety Disorder and Time Perception with DRD2 rs1800497 Polymorphism
No full textWe have many biological systems that regulate the perception of time, which is one of
our most essential abilities that allows subjectively predicting, perceiving and
understanding the duration of experiences, feelings and achievements. There are
findings obtained from many studies aiming to illuminate the place and importance of
time, which was the most critical reference point for human understanding of life in
the past, for us mammals. According to these findings, it is observed that there is a
similar mechanism that provides the perception of time in almost every living
organism. Time perception is vital for the healthy functioning of cognitive activities,
physiological needs and behavioral relations, and the bio-psycho-social order's
systematicity. Among the studies conducted, the findings obtained in the studies
related to the effect of psychiatric disorders on the perception of time are somewhat
blurry compared to the others. The research for this study was based on six basic
Polymorphisms known to affect time perception and internal clock mechanisms. These
are as follows: SLC6A4 / 5-HTTLPR, 5HT2A / T102C, DRD2 / TAQ1A, SLC6A3 / 3UTR
VNTR, COMT / VAL158MET, GABRB2 A/C, CLOCK. In our study, the relationship
between the rs1800497 polymorphism, which is one of these seven polymorphisms
that are effective in the functioning of the internal clock in the human brain, and the
inventory used in the measurement of anxiety, was examined in 14 participants. Beck
Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure anxiety, and PCR was used to detect
genetic variants. When the findings were evaluated, no significant relationship was
found between anxiety and DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism
Kayakta başarılı olan oğlağo ailesine mensup bireylerin genetik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
No full textPreliminary findings of the distribution of alpha-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) rs1800544 polymorphisms in kickboxing players
Get PDFObjective: Adrenergic receptors play an important role in providing neurotransmitter release from the sympathetic nervous system and
adrenergic neurons. The rs1800544 polymorphism in 3’-untranslated region of Alpha-2-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRA2A) is if caused by C>G
tranversion at position –1291. In this study, we objective to analyze the rs1800544 distribution in kickboxing players.
Methods: A total of 12 male players and 101 sedentary individuals (as a control group) participated in the study. Following DNA isolation,
rs1800544 polymorphism of ADRA2A gene was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR). Statistical analysis was carried
out by chi-square test.
Results: CC, CG and GG genotypes and percentages for rs1800544 polymorphism were analyzed as 5 (41,7%), 4 (33,3%) and 3 (25%), respectively.
C allele was counted as 14 (58,3%) and G allele as 10 (41,7%). In the control group CC, CG and GG were found as 34 (33,6%), 53 (52,5%),
14(13,9%), respectively. C allele was counted as 121 (60%) and G allele as 81 (40%). When we compare athletes and controls in the terms
of genotypes, we detected no statistically significant difference (p>0,3940). For the allele comparison, we detected no significant difference
between groups (p>0,0871).
Conclusion: Determination of gene combinations in athletes is of great importance for determination of the effect of genetic factors in athletic
performance. In our cohort, CC genotype was more frequently found, and C allele was also higher in players. We think that the effect of ADR2A2
gene on athletic performance might be determined more clearly by the fact that this study is an example of similar studies involving higher
numbers of subjects
DISTRIBUTION OF SLC6A4 PROMOTOR POLYMOPHISM IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
No full textİnsan psikolojisini etkileyen ve en önemli bir biyobelirteç olan serotonin, sporcunun atletik performansını da olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı, sağlıklı profesyonel futbolcularda anksiyete ile bağlantılı SLC6A4 geni promotör bölgesinde “S” ve “L” allel dağılımının incelenmesidir. Çalışmamıza aktif olarak haftada en az 4 gün antrenman programı uygulayan 15-29 yaş arası 19 profesyonel futbolcu ve herhangi bir egzersiz programı uygulamayan (kontrol grubu) 45 birey katıldı. Gerekli etik kurul izinleri alındıktan sonra çalışma protokolunun sonuç ve çıktılarını anlatan onam formları katılımcılara imzalatıldı. Çalışmamıza katılan bireylerden daha sonra ağız içi epitel hücreleri alınarak DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi. Tüm polimorfizmlerin genotiplemesi, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) metodu kullanılarak belirlendi. Çalışmamıza katılan futbolcularda SLC6A4 geninin LL, LS, SS genotiplerinin sayı ve yüzdeleri sırasıyla 11(%57,8), 4(%21,1), 4(%21,1) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kohortumuzda L alleli 26 (%68,4), S alleli ise 12 (%31,6) oranında gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma grubumuzda SLC6A4 geninin promotör bölgesi incelendiğinde, LL genotipi baskın olarak bulunurken, L alleli de S alleline göre daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubunda ise aynı genotip sayı ve yüzdeleri sırası ile 12 (%26,7), 24 (%53,3) ve 9 (%20) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubundaki allelik dağılımı ise L alleli 48(%53,3), S alleli 42 (%46,7) olarak gözlenmiştir. Sporcu grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında genotip dağılımlarında (p=0,0001) bulunurken, allelik dağılımlarında (p=0,0425) bulunarak her iki grup arasında da istatiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda SLC6A4 promotör polimorfizmlerinin belirlenmesinin, sporcularda oluşan anksiyete ve bilişsel kaygı düzeyinin erken dönemde önlenmesine yardımcı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Serotonin, which is the most important biomarker affecting human psychology, can also negatively affect the athletic performance of the athlete. The aim of our study was to examine the distribution of “S” and “L” alleles in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene associated with anxiety in healthy professional football players. 19 professional football players between the ages of 15-29 who actively used a training program for at least 4 days a week and 45 individuals who did not use any exercise program (control group) participated in our study. After obtaining the necessary ethics committee permissions, consent forms describing the results and outcomes of the study protocol were signed by the participants. Afterwards, intraoral epithelial cells were taken from individuals who participated in our study, and DNA isolation was performed. Genotyping of all polymorphisms was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The numbers and percentages of the LL, LS, SS genotypes of the SLC6A4 gene in the football players participating in our study were determined as 11 (57.8%), 4 (21.1%), and 4 (21.1%), respectively. In our study cohort, 26 (68.4%) L allele and 12 (31.6%) S allele were observed. When the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene was examined in our study cohort, LL genotype was found to be dominant, while the L allele was found to be higher than the S allele. In the control group, the same genotype number and percentages were determined as 12 (26.7%), 24 (53.3%) and 9 (20%), respectively. In the control group, the allelic distribution was observed as 48 (53.3%) for the L allele and 42 (46.7%) for the S allele. While genotype distributions (p=0.0001) were found between the athlete group and the control group, statistically significant difference was found between both groups by their allelic distribution (p=0.0425). As a result, it was concluded in our study that the determination of SLC6A4 promoter polymorphisms may help prevent anxiety and cognitive anxiety in athletes in the early period
Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Kullanılan Güncel Restoratif Materyallerden Fluorid Salınımı, Yeniden Yüklenmesi ve Antimikrobiyal Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi
No full textObjective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fluoride-releasing/recharging and antimicrobial effects of restorative materialsused in pediatric dentistry.Material and Method: High-viscosity and resin-modified glass-ionomercement, glass carbomer, compomer, giomer and composite weretested. Dental materials’ fluoride-release was measured in distilled water(DW) and artificial saliva (AS) for eight weeks using a fluoride-specificelectrode. At the end of eight weeks, specimens were divided intothree groups for recharging with acidulated phosphate fluoride gel andfluoride varnish. After recharge, fluoride release was measured again.Agar diffusion test was used to assess antimicrobial effects againstS. mutans and L. acidophilus. The statistical analysis was done withMann-Whitney U and Friedman tests using SPSS-22 software.Results: High-viscosity glass-ionomer cement showed the highestfluoride-release in both storage media, followed by glass carbomer,while giomer demonstrated the lowest. After recharge, the increasein the varnish group was significantly higher than others (p<0.05).Fluoride-release in DW groups was significantly higher than in the ASgroups for all materials during the test period (p<0.05). None of thematerials showed antimicrobial effects.Conclusion: It was concluded that fluoride-release from glass ionomer-based materials is higher than that from resin-based materials.Fluoride-release from materials decreases in AS. Glass carbomer can beused as an alternative to glass ionomers.Amaç: İn vitro çalışmamızın amacı çocuk diş hekimliğinde kullanılan_x000D_
güncel restoratif materyallerin fluorid salınımını saptamak, yeniden_x000D_
yükleme sonrası salınımlarını değerlendirmek ve bu materyallerin antimikrobiyal_x000D_
etkinliğini araştırmaktır._x000D_
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomer siman,_x000D_
rezin modifiye cam iyonomer siman, cam karbomer, kompomer, giomer_x000D_
ve rezin kompozit kullanıldı. Fluorid salınımı distile su (DS) ve yapay tükürük_x000D_
(YT) içerisinde 8 hafta boyunca fluorid spesifik elektrod ile ölçüldü._x000D_
8. haftanın sonunda örnekler üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba hiçbir ajan_x000D_
uygulanmazken, ikinci gruba asidüle fosfat fluorid jel, üçüncü gruba ise_x000D_
fluorid verniği uygulandı ve yükleme sonrası salınımları incelendi. S. mutans_x000D_
and L. acidophilus’a karşı antimikrobiyal etkinin değerlendirilmesinde_x000D_
agar difüzyon testi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS-22 programı_x000D_
kullanılarak Mann-Whitney U ve Friedman testleri ile yapıldı._x000D_
Bulgular: Her iki ortamda da en yüksek fluorid salınımını yüksek viskoziteli_x000D_
cam iyonomer siman yaparken, bunu cam karbomer izledi. En düşük_x000D_
salınım giomerde saptandı. Fluorid yüklemesi sonrası tüm materyallerin_x000D_
salınımı artarken; vernik gruplarındaki artış, diğer gruplardan anlamlı_x000D_
düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p<0,05). Çalışma boyunca materyallerin DS_x000D_
gruplarındaki fluorid salınımı YT gruplarından anlamlı derecede yüksek_x000D_
bulundu (p<0,05). Materyallerin hiçbiri antimikrobiyal etki oluşturmadı._x000D_
Sonuç: Cam iyonomer esaslı materyallerden fluorid salınımının daha_x000D_
çok olduğu; yapay tükürük içerisinde materyallerin salınımının azaldığı_x000D_
ve cam karbomerin fluorid salınımı açısından cam iyonomer simanlara_x000D_
alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği görüldü
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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