220 research outputs found
Reading in the mobile era
No full textMobile technology can advance literacy and learning in underserved communities around the world.
Summary
Millions of people do not read for one reason: they do not have access to text. But today mobile phones and cellular networks are transforming a scarce resource into an abundant one.
Drawing on the analysis of over 4,000 surveys collected in seven developing countries and corresponding qualitative interviews, this report paints the most detailed picture to date of who reads books and stories on mobile devices and why.
The findings illuminate, for the first time, the habits, beliefs and profiles of mobile readers. This information points to strategies to expand mobile reading and, by extension, the educational, social and economic benefits associated with increased reading.
Mobile technology can advance literacy and learning in underserved communities around the world. This report shows how
Author Correction: The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (1894), 10.1038/s41467-023-37385-0)
No full textAuthor Correction: The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (1894), 10.1038/s41467-023-37385-0
Is There an Age Pattern in the Treatment of AMI? Evidence from Ontario
No full textIn this article we analyse the rates at which those admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive aggressive treatment, assess how those rates have changed over time, and ask whether there is evidence of age discrepancies. Estimates made on the basis of data from an administrative database that includes discharges from all acute care hospitals in Ontario for selected years, from 1995 to 2005, indicate that there are strong and persistent age patterns in the application of medical technology. Results showed that to be true even after controlling for the higher rates of co-morbidities among older patients and variations across hospitals in practice patterns.treatment of AMI, age pattern
Is There an Age Pattern in the Treatment of AMI? Evidence from Ontario
No full textIn this article we analyse the rates at which those admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive aggressive treatment, assess how those rates have changed over time, and ask whether there is evidence of age discrepancies. Estimates made on the basis of data from an administrative database that includes discharges from all acute care hospitals in Ontario for selected years, from 1995 to 2005, indicate that there are strong and persistent age patterns in the application of medical technology. Results showed that to be true even after controlling for the higher rates of co-morbidities among older patients and variations across hospitals in practice patterns.treatment of AMI, age pattern
Author Correction: The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (1894), 10.1038/s41467-023-37385-0)
No full text\ua9 2023, The Author(s).Correction to: Nature Communications, published online 18 April 2023 The original version of this article omitted a reference to previous work in ‘Eger et al. 2022 - Eger, A. M, Bennett, S., Zimmerhackel, J., Rogers, A., Burton, M., Filbee-Dexter, K., Wernberg, T., Gacutan, J., Milligan, B., Verg\ue9s, A. (2022) Quantifying the ecosystem services of the Great Southern Reef. Report to the National Environmental Science Program. University of New South Wales. Available at: ’and ‘Zimmerhackel et al. 2023 - Zimmerhackel, J. S., Pineiro-Corbeira, C., Norderhaug, K. M., Filbee-Dexter, K., & Wernberg, T. (2023) Dependency of commercial fisheries on kelp forests for valuation of ecosystem services. Working Paper 2302, Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. ’. These have been added as references 110, 111 at: ‘We accounted for this fact by creating dependency classes for 187 genera of fish and invertebrates, adapted from refs. 110,111’. These references have been added to the reference list. The original version of this article contained an error in the “Acknowledgements”, which incorrectly omitted the following: ‘A.E., A.V., D.S., and P.M. would also like to acknowledge our continued collaboration with the GEAK network and our valued discussions on how to value ecosystem services in kelp forests. In particular, we thank Johanna Zimmerhackel, Cristina Pineiro-Corbeira, Kjell-Magnus Norderhaug, Karen Filbee-Dexter, and Thomas Wernberg for their thinking and work on fisheries dependencies in kelp forest ecosystems.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article
A tabletop setup for ultrafast helicity-dependent and element-specific absorption spectroscopy and scattering in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range
No full textThis article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Review of Scientific Instruments 91, 093001 (2020) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013928Further advances in the field of ultrafast magnetization dynamics require experimental tools to measure the spin and electron dynamics with element-specificity and femtosecond temporal resolution. We present a new laboratory setup for two complementary experiments with light in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. One experiment is designed for polarization-dependent transient spectroscopy, particularly for simultaneous measurements of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) at the 3p resonances of the 3d transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni. The second instrument is designed for resonant small-angle scattering experiments with monochromatic light allowing us to monitor spin dynamics with spatial information on the nanometer scale. We combine a high harmonic generation (HHG) source with a phase shifter to obtain XUV pulses with variable polarization and a flux of about (3 ± 1) × 1010 photons/s/harmonic at 60 eV at the source. A dedicated reference spectrometer effectively reduces the intensity fluctuations of the HHG spectrum to below 0.12% rms. We demonstrate the capabilities of the setup by capturing the energy- and polarization-dependent absorption of a thin Co film as well as the time-resolved small-angle scattering in a magnetic-domain network of a Co/Pt multilayer. The new laboratory setup allows systematic studies of optically induced spin and electron dynamics with element-specificity, particularly with MCD as the contrast mechanism with femtosecond temporal resolution and an unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio.DFG, 328545488, Ultraschnelle Spindynamik in heterogenen magnetischen Systemen (A02
Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase
No full textpeer reviewedTopological states of matter exhibit fascinating physics combined with an intrinsic stability. A key challenge is the fast creation of topological phases, which requires massive reorientation of charge or spin degrees of freedom. Here we report the picosecond emergence of an extended topological phase that comprises many magnetic skyrmions. The nucleation of this phase, followed in real time via single-shot soft X-ray scattering after infrared laser excitation, is mediated by a transient topological fluctuation state. This state is enabled by the presence of a time-reversal symmetry-breaking perpendicular magnetic field and exists for less than 300 ps. Atomistic simulations indicate that the fluctuation state largely reduces the topological energy barrier and thereby enables the observed rapid and homogeneous nucleation of the skyrmion phase. These observations provide fundamental insights into the nature of topological phase transitions, and suggest a path towards ultrafast topological switching in a wide variety of materials through intermediate fluctuating states. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Leibniz Association Grant no. K162/2018 (OptiSPIN
An annotated bibliography of tax compliance and tax compliance costs
No full textAn annotated bibliography of tax compliance and tax compliance costs.tax; tax compliance; compliance costs; bibliography; tax evasion; tax avoidance; auditing; tax simplification
The value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests
No full text\ua9 2023, The Author(s).While marine kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia, the global ecological and economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests are diminishing in many regions worldwide, and efforts to manage these ecosystems are hindered without accurate estimates of the value of the services that kelp forests provide to human societies. Here, we present a global estimate of the ecological and economic potential of three key ecosystem services - fisheries production, nutrient cycling, and carbon removal provided by six major forest forming kelp genera (Ecklonia, Laminaria, Lessonia, Macrocystis, Nereocystis, and Saccharina). Each of these genera creates a potential value of between 147,100/hectare each year. Collectively, they generate between 562 billion/year worldwide, with an average of 29,900, 904 Kg/Ha/year) and nitrogen removal ($73,800, 657 Kg N/Ha/year), though kelp forests are also estimated to sequester 4.91 megatons of carbon from the atmosphere/year highlighting their potential as blue carbon systems for climate change mitigation. These findings highlight the ecological and economic value of kelp forests to society and will facilitate better informed marine management and conservation decisions
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