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(4(2):48-59)The Effect of Vanadium Application on the Paddy Rice
No full text爲要明瞭微量要素釩對水稻之影響，在玻璃室舉行土耕盆栽試驗，結果如下：
1．秧田試驗：施用NH4VO3於秧田，其水稻苗之株高、根長、重量均有增加，釩施用量與水稻苗之氮含量有平行關係，即無施用區是1.34%，施用區是在1.45%~3.22%。
2．釩對水稻的影響，以上土壤中含V2O3 150p.p.m.最好，超過500p.p.m.，就呈現毒害作用，如到1000p.p.m.，即枯死。
3．本田試驗：本田不加釩，只加氮、磷、鉀，據調查水稻生育及收量之結果，除無肥區之外，各區均無多大差異，此即表示幼苗時所吸收之釩對其後之生育及收量均無影響。
爲要明瞭微量要素釩對水稻之影響，在玻璃室舉行土耕盆栽試驗，結果如下：
1．秧田試驗：施用NH4VO3於秧田，其水稻苗之株高、根長、重量均有增加，釩施用量與水稻苗之氮含量有平行關係，即無施用區是1.34%，施用區是在1.45%~3.22%。
2．釩對水稻的影響，以上土壤中含V2O3 150p.p.m.最好，超過500p.p.m.，就呈現毒害作用，如到1000p.p.m.，即枯死。
3．本田試驗：本田不加釩，只加氮、磷、鉀，據調查水稻生育及收量之結果，除無肥區之外，各區均無多大差異，此即表示幼苗時所吸收之釩對其後之生育及收量均無影響
(21(3):151-164)Effect of Plant Spacing and Nitrogen Level on the Nitrogen Content, Yield, and Various Agronomic Characters of Rice
No full text為探求本省各地優良水稻品種，臺南5號、臺北309號、新竹56號、臺中184號、高雄137號之最適密植度及氮肥量，於民國59年第一期作及第二期作在樹林、中壢、員林、高雄四處辦理本試驗。各試驗地使用兩品種，三平準氮肥量，第一期作100, 130, 160 Nkg/ha，第二期作80, 110, 130 Nkg/ha，三種密植度25 × 20cm, 30×12cm, 25×12cm,，以裂區設計進行田間試驗。
1. 各地兩品種對密植及氮肥均表現相似的效應。各試驗地之平均結果，顯示密植度30×13cm配合氮肥量第一期作130，第二期作110 Nkg/ha時可得最高產量。與疏密植及氮少量比較時，稻谷增產第一期作可得7%，第二期得5%。
2. 在同平準氮肥量下，密植越密，株高越低，在相同密植度下，氮肥量越多，株高越高。隨密植度增加每株穗數減少，隨氮肥量增加每株穗數增加，尤其在密植度較疏之下，氮肥量對穗數之增加傾向較為明顯。
3. 葉面積指數在氮肥少量時，隨密植度增加而增加，氮肥中量或多量時，葉面積指數在密植度30×13cm最高，在25×12cm時反而減低。在任何密植度之下，葉面積指數均隨氮肥量之增加而增加，即氮肥多量（一期160，二期140 Nkg/ha）時為最高。
4. 水稻透光率隨密植度或氮肥量之增加而減低，可知密植或氮肥均對水稻之互相遮陰，影響頗大。
5. 出穗前水稻葉身含氮量及收穫物谷藁之氮含量受密植度之影響較小，但隨氮肥量之增加而明顯的增加。
In order to determine the optimum plant spacing and nitrogen level for some popular rice varieties of Taiwan, namely, Tainan 5, Taipei 309, Hsinchu 56, Taichung 184 and Kaohsiung 137, field experiments were carried out at four localities, i.e. Sulin, Chungli, Yuanlin,, and Kaohsiung. A split plot design was laid out at each locality using two varieties, three levels of nitrogen (100 130, 160 N kg/ha in the first crop and 80, 110, 140 Nkg/ha in the second crop) and three plant spacings (25×20cm, 30×13cm, 25×12cm).
1. The two varieties at each locality showed more or less similar response to plant spacings and nitrogen levels. Average results of all experiments indicated that the closer spacing 30×l3cm with the higher nitrogen level of 130 N kg/ha in the first crop and 110 Nkg/ha in the second crop gave the highest yield. In comparison with the plot of the wide spacing and low nitrogen level, the yield of the above-mentioned plot was increased 7% and 5% in the first crop and the second crop respectively.
2. The plant height decreased with a decrease in spacing under the same level of nitrogen, and increased with nitrogen level under the same spacing. The panicle number per hill decreased with a decrease in spacing and increased with a increase of nitrogen level. The effect of nitrogen level on panicle number per hill was more significant under wide spacing.
3. The Leaf Area Index increased with a decrease in spacing under low nitrogen level, hut under higher nitrogen level, the LAI was the largest at the closer spacing 30 x 13cm, and decreased again at the closest spacing 25×12cm. The LAI increased with nitrogen level under any spacings and reached the largest at the highest nitrogen level.
4. Light Transmission Ratio decreased with a decrease in spacing or with an increase of nitrogen level suggesting the important effect of spacing and nitrogen on mutual shading.
5. The nitrogen contents of leaf blades before heading and of grain and straw at harvest were larger, the higher the nitrogen level. The nitrogen content was affected by spacing to a lesser extent
(20(1):1-20)STUDY ON FERITILIZER RESPONSE AND FERTILIZER ABSORPTION RATE OF MAIN RICE VARIETIES IN TAIWAN
No full text(一)本研究使用五個水稻品種，六個肥料處理，以裂區試驗設計，在北部三處試驗地繼續進行三期作之試驗。變方分析結果顯示9次試驗（3處×3期）中，品種之谷產量差異達到1%顯著標準者9次，肥料處理達到1%顯著標準者6次，達到5%顯著標準者1次。
(二)平均稻谷產量臺南5號最高4.42公噸/公頃，新竹56號次之4.22公噸/公頃，第三為臺中65號4.17公噸/公頃，第四為臺中秈2號4.09公噸/公頃，第五為矮腳尖4.02公噸/公頃。
若以期作個別比較時，57年二期及58年二期谷產量即有上述順序之外，58年一期秈稻比稉稻佳，產量順序為臺中秈2號＞矮腳尖＞臺南5號＞臺中65號＞新竹56號。若以土壤比較時，在桃園臺中65號之產量最佳而各期作都相當穩定，宜蘭及樹林仍以臺南5號為最佳。
(三)氮肥有顯著的稻谷產量效果以外，磷鉀肥在本試驗地土壤均無增產效果。氮肥之稻谷增產率宜蘭51%，桃園20%，樹林最低僅4%，第二期作梗稻增產率比秈稻為高，第一期作反而秈稻比稉稻為高，平均氮肥增產率為22%。
(四)秈稻之三要素濃度及三要素吸收量比稉稻者大，肥料處理可影響水稻三要素吸收量之外，土壤之影響更大。在同一種土壤稻谷產量與三要素吸收量有密切的正相關關係。
(五)水稻之平均氮肥吸收率為25.5%，磷肥吸收率為－2.3%，鉀肥吸收率為9.5%，可知水稻所吸收之全部磷素均由土壤中吸收，並不吸收肥料中磷素。水稻之每期作三要素吸收量N-P2O5-K2O為82-39-125公斤/公頃，另換算每生產稻谷1,000公斤時水稻所吸收三要素N-P2O5-K2O為18-8-27公斤。
(六)矽酸鈣之施用，依不同土壤其增產效果有異之外，品種間亦有差異。在桃園土壤（增產7%）比在宜蘭及樹林（增產各4%）之效果大。品種間之增產率臺中65號（7%），新竹56號（8%)，臺南5號（2%），矮腳尖（1%）臺中秈2號（6%）平均5%。矽酸鈣之施用稍有減低水稻氮含量，水稻之矽酸含量愈低，矽酸鈣之效果愈大。
Three japonica and two indica varieties of Taiwan were compared with regard to their response to and absorption of NPK and Si. Field experiments laying out in split plot design with five varieties and six fertilizer treatments were carried out three crops at three localities.
1) The mean grain yields of varieties are as follows: Tainan 5 (japonica) 4.42 ton/ha, Hsinchu 56 (japonica) 4.22 ton/ha, Tichung 65 (japonica) 4.17 ton/ha, Taichung Shen 2 (indica) 4.09 ton/ha, Aichiawchien (indica) 4.02 ton/ha.
Concerning the yields of varieties in each crop season, in the second crops of 1968 and 1969 the same order of the yield as above-mentioned was observed, while in the first crop of 1969, the magnitude of yield is as the following order: Taichung Shen 2 >Aichiawchien >Tainan 5 >Taichung 65 >Hisichu 56. The two indica rice produced higher yield than japonica rice did in the first crop.
Concerning the yields at each locality, the highest yield variety was Taichung 65 at Taoyuan latosol and Tainan 5 both at Ilan slate alluvial soil and sulin sandstone shale alluvial soil.
2) Significant response to N fertilizer and no response to P and K fertilizers were found in the experiments. Percent yield of N fertilizer was 51% at Ilan, 20% at Taoyuan, and 4% at Sulin. The japonica rice showed better response to N in the second crop while the indica rice showed better response to N in the first crop. The mean percent yield of N was 22%.
3) The NPK contents and absorption of the plants varied with varieties, fertilizer treatments, and localities. The indica rice absorbed more NPK than the japonica rice did. The soil effect much more greatly than the fertilizer treatment on NPK absorption. The yields were closely correlated with NPK absorption under the same soil condition.
4) The mean absorption rate of N fertilizer was 25.5% and those of P fertilizer and K fertilizer were -2.3% and 9.5% respectively. All of P absorbed by the pants presumably came soil P and not from fertilizer P. The mean amounts of N-P2O5-K2O absorbed by rice for noe crop were 82-39-125 kg/ha. The amounts of N-P2O5-K2O removal by rice in terms of the value per 1000 kg of grain yield were 18-8-27 kg.
5) Crop response to silicate slag depended on localities and varieties. 7% of yield increment by silicate slag application was obtained at Taoyuan and 4% each at Ilan and Sulin. The percent yield of the five varieties by silicate slag application are as follows: Hsinchu 56 (8%), Taichung 65 (7%), Taichung Shen 2 (6%), Tainan 5 (2%), Aichiawchien (1%). Silicate slag application decreased N content of the plants. It was observed that the plants with lower silica content showed higher response to slilicate slag
(7(3):1-6)EFFECTS OF SOME MINOR ELEMENTS ON THE NURSERY BED OF RICE PLANTS (II) Effects of Minor Elements on Rice Seedlings (Water Culture Experiment)
No full text為明瞭施用微量元素對稻苗生育之影響，於玻璃室舉行苗床水耕試驗。使用燒杯為水耕容器，上面蓋紗布裝滿培養液然後播種。
依適量之錳處理，稻苗生育良好比對照區（無錳）確實可得健全之稻苗。錳之適當濃度為Mn 2ppm，而超過20ppm就呈現毒害，1,000ppm則致枯死。於Mn 20ppm，稻葉開始向中葉脈捲縮生長受阻害，此毒害現象在50ppm以上時更厲害。錳濃度至200ppm，稻種發芽率無受影響，而超過500ppm就降低。
化學分耕結果，隨培養液錳濃度增加稽苗中錳濃度也增加有正相關，則葉部錳含量為trace~2.13%根部為trace~0.92%。受錳處理之稻苗氣含量增加而鉀含量也稍有增加之傾向，磷含量者無此傾向。
對硼、銅、鋅、鉬、鈷另進行簡單試驗，其適量之施用對稻苗生育影響良好。據稻苗中三要素分析之結果，銅及鈿高濃度處理區之磷含量及硼高濃度處理區之鉀含量均有減低。
Water culture experiments were carried out for the purpose of ascertaining the effect of minor elements on the growth of rice seedlings. Beakers were used as water culture vessels. After laid the gauze on beakers for the germination beds, rice seeds were planted on them.
Rice seedlings in the treated plot, which the proper amounts of manganese were applied, grew better than the check plot. The optimum Mn concentration in culture solution for rice seedlings was 2 ppm. The treatment of Mn 20 ppm retard the growth of the plants and at Mn 1000 ppm all the seedlings were killed. It would be seen that even at Mn 20 ppm treatment the leaves rolled in towards the mid-rib and decreased the growth. This toxic symptom and decrease were particularly marked when the concentration of Mn rised from 20 to 50 ppm. The germination percentage of rice seeds was affected at the level of Mn 500 ppm but not at below 200 ppm.
Chemical analysis for N, P2O5, K2O and Mn showed that Mn contents in seedlings were increased in proportion to the concentration of Mn in culture solution. The result obtained was Mn trace-2.13% in leaves and Mn trace-0.92% in roots. The Mn treatment greatly increased the uptake of nitrogen and slightly increased potassium but not phosphorous.
The simple trials for B, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co on rice seedlings were also conducted. Better growth of the seedlings were obtained at the optimum treatments of these minor elements. The treatment of higher concentration of copper and molybdenum seemed to depress the uptake of phosphorous, so did boron to the uptake of potassium
(30(1):27-34)The absoption efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen by rice grown in four soils using 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate
No full text本試驗利用15N標誌硫銨追綜所施氮肥之動向，以探討水稻在四種不同土壤中對各時期所施氮肥之利用率及土壤中無機態氮濃度與水稻生育之關係。乃自68年7月底開始在臺中之天然氣候環境下進行盆栽試驗，氮肥處理分為（1）無氮區（2）施氮區：於基肥、追肥（插秧後10日）、穗肥（插秧後50日）各施以硫銨1.5 g／盆，並將之分成三組，每組分別於基肥、追肥、穗肥時改施以15N標誌硫銨（2.56 atom % excess)，茲摘述其結果如下：
（1）土壤中銨態氮濃度以插秧後5至20日間最高，此後即迅速下降，至插秧後46日，各土壤均無法測出銨態氮存在。
（2）四種土壤中以中壢土壤之銨態氮濃度最高，其水稻之穗數及穀藁產量亦最高；而田尾土壤之銨態氮濃度最低，其穗數及穀藁產量亦最低。氮肥施用提高了土壤中銨態氮濃度亦使水稻之穗數及穀藁產量增加，顯示土壤中銨態氮濃度與水稻生育間關係之密切。
（3）水稻對氮肥之利用率受施肥時期，施肥方法及土壤環境之影響，三時期中以穗肥利用率最高在44-59%，基肥次之在13-31%間，追肥最低在9-19%間。四種土壤中以中壢土壤之水稻氮肥利用率最高為36%，霧峰及屏東土壤者次之為33及31%，田尾土壤者最低為22%。田尾土壤之氮肥利用率最低而其施氮區之穀藁產量亦僅及中壢土壤無氮區穀產量之半，是否因田尾土壤之供氮力弱，抑或因其土壤pH 高（6.9）、CEC小（6 meg / 1009），氮素易因氨揮散而損失所致，仍待繼續研究。A pot experiment involving four kinds of alluvial soils was carried out in 1979 to study the absorption efficiency of fertilizer N by the rice plants. Rate of ammonium sulfate at 1.5 g/pot was applied each as basal dressing, 1st top dressing (10 days after transplanting) and 2nd top dressing (panicle initation stage or 50 days after transplanting). The pots were devided into three batches. 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate was used in only one of the dressings in each of the three batches. Each batch had three replications.
Content of NH4-N in soils was highest between 5 and 20 days after transplanting and decreased markedly thereafter. No NH4-N had been detected since 46 days after trasplanting.
Content of NH4-N and grain yield were highest in Chungli and lowest in Tienwei soil among the four kinds of soils tested. Nitrogen application raised the NH4-N content in soil as well as grain yield, suggesting a positive correlation between soil ammonium concentration and the growth of rice plant.
The absorption efficiency of fertilizer N by rice varied with timing of N application and soils. The highest efficiency (44-59%) was found when N was applied at the panicle initiation stage followed by basal application (13-31%) and 1st top dressing (9-19%). Soil from Chungil also gave a higher absorption efficiency (36%) than those from Tienwei (22%) and Pingtung and Wufeng (31-33%).
The low N absorption efficiency for rice plants grown in Tienwei soil was associated evidently with low grain yield. This might be due to the low supplying power of soil N or high pH (6.9) and low CEC level (6 meq/l00g) so that N in soil was easily lost
(10(4):36-46)FIELD EXPERIMENT OF FERTILIZER APPLICATON IN CITRUS ORCHARD (THIRD REPORT) Effects of Fertilizers upon the Yields, Quality and Storage Life of Citrus Fruits
No full text本試驗報告施肥對柑桔收量、品質及貯藏。施肥試驗於民國47年1月開始，在新埔鎮柑桔園進行。本報告係第三年度，即民國49年年底之果實收量、品質及貯藏之結果。
This paper presents the results of effects of fertilizers upon the yields, quality and storage of citrus fruits. The field experiments were carried out in January, 1958 in two localities at Hsinpu Ponkan orchards. The results obtained in the third year trial, 1960, are as follows
(19(3):26-41)STUDIES ON THE TECHNIQUES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF RICE PLANTS (PART 1) EFFECT OF THE LATE TOP-DRESSING OF NITROGEN ON THE YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF RICE PLANTS
No full text使用兩個水稻品種，新竹56號及矮腳尖於羅東、桃園、樹林三處不同土壤進行田間肥料試驗，探求水稻氮素營養與產量之關係而闡明氮肥之晚期施用效果。此氮肥之晚施處理為全部之氮肥用量之百分之六十做為基肥及第一次追肥另百分之四十施用於水稻幼穗形成期以後即生殖生長期中施用。本試驗使用兩品種，三處試驗地，57年第一期作及第二期作，即共有十二個之田間試驗所得之結果如下：
1.同量氮肥N100公斤/公頃施用之下，晚施區比較對照區之慣行施肥可得稻谷增產4%。多氮配合晚施即N120公斤/公頃時可得6%增產，而N140公斤/公頃時可得9%增產。使用晚期施肥技術可能提高原來之氮肥施用適量而得增產。
2.兩品種對多氮晚施都表現顯著的稻谷增產效果。第一期作新竹56號得增產12%，矮腳尖6%，但第二期作新竹56號6%，矮腳尖11％。平均稻谷產量兩品種間差異甚微，即新竹56號5.00公噸/公頃，矮腳尖4.93公噸/公頃。
3.同量氮肥N140公斤/公頃施用之下，比較硫安與尿素之效果時，硫安區之谷產量為5.22公噸/公頃，尿素區為5.11公噸/公頃，相差2%。
4.同量氮肥N100公斤/公頃施用之下，比較硫銨與磷銨系複合肥料（日製15-15-10）及尿素系複合肥料（臺製16-8-12）之肥效，其稻谷產量指數硫安為100時，磷銨系複合肥料102，尿素複合肥料97。
5.稻谷產量高的氮肥晚施區之水稻在生育前期之稻竟濃度比對照區者為低，但生育後期變高。氮肥晚施方法，使水稻在營養生長與生殖生長之中問降低氮濃度，即引起氮缺乏，而生殖生長期問中，一直保持氮高濃度。此種水稻氮營養狀態，似可得稻谷增產。
6.氮肥之晚施及多施使水稻氮吸收量增加之外，藁谷鉀濃度亦增加，即促進水稻對鉀的吸收。
7.矮腳尖對三要素之吸收比新竹56號為強，尤其矮腳尖稻谷之氮含量較高，即蛋白質含量較高。
Two rice varieties, Hsinchu 56, Japonica type and Aichiawchien, Indica type, were used in the field fertilizer experiments at three sites, Lotung sate alluvial soil, Taoyunan latosol, Shulin sandstone shale alluvial soil, in order to investigate the relationship between the plant nitrogen status and the yield of rice. Sepcial emphasis was laid on the effect of the late top-dressing of nitrogen that is 40% of total amount of nitrogen was applied after the stage of the panicle primodial formation. The results obtained from twelve experiments including two varieties, three sites, two crops were as follows:
1.The grain yield of the nitrogen late top-dressing plot was increased 4% as compared with that of the control plot under the same amount of nitrogen application, N 100 kg/ha. The grain increment of the late top-dressing was 6% ant N 120 kg/ha plot and 9% at N 140 kg/ha plot. The optimum nitrogen requirement will be increased and the better yield will be obtained if the nitrogen late top-dressing method is used in paddy fields.
2.Significant effectiveness of the high nitrogen late top-dressing on grain yield was observed for both varieties. In the first crop, 12% of grain increment was obtained for Hsinchu 56 and 6% for Aichiawchien, while in the second crop, 6% for Hsinchu 56 and 11% for Aichiawchien. The averagegrain yield of the two varieties was quite close, that in 5.00 ton/ha for Hsinchu 56 and 4.93 ton/ha for Aichiawchien.
3.In comparison of ammonium sulfate and urea under the N 140 kg/ha application, the grain yield of the ammonium sulfate plot was 5.22 ton/ha while that of the urea plot was 5.11 ton/ha showing 2% difference in grain yield.
4.Taking the grain yield of ammonium slufate as 100 under the same amount of nitrogen N 100 kg/ha application, that of the compound fertilizer of ammonium phosphate type (grade 15-15-10) was 102 and the compound fertilizer of urea type (grade 16-8-12) was 97.
5.The nitrogen content of rice straw of the high nitrogen late top-dressing plot which hand the highest yield was lower at the early growing stage, however, the nitrogen content became higher at the later growing stage as compared with that of the control plot. The late top-pressing method induced the lower nitrogen content of straw showing nitrogen deficient status at the middle stage of rice growing period, and after that the nitrogen content became higher than that of the control plants through reproductive stage. This nitrogen status seems to be better for rice to produce higher yield.
6.The nitrogen late top-dressing or high nitrogen application had rice plants increase nitrogen content as well as potassium content. The increase of nitrogen absorption seemed to promote potassium absorption.
7.More absorption of three elements by Aichiawchien than by Hsinchu 56 was observed. Higher nitrogen content, presumably higher protein content, was found especially in grains of Aichiawchien
(7(4):1-6)EFFECTS OF SOME MINOR ELEMENTS ON THE NURSERY BED OF RICE PLANTS-(III) THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON THE YIELD OF PADDY RICE (WATER CULTURE EXPERIMENT)
No full text為明瞭錳對水稻收量之影響進行水耕試驗。育苗時期使用500ml燒杯，移植後使用21玻璃筒為水耕容器，每星期調換培養液二次。本試驗分為兩部分。
(1) 苗床施用錳對水稻收量之影響：錳處理之稻苗移植後不施用錳，其結果錳處理與對照無錳區之生育情形及收量大略相同。因此受錳影響之健全稻苗其後之生育中無繼績施用者其效果即消失。
(2) 移植後施用錳對水稻收量之影響：依錳濃度不同影響水稻生育甚大。尤其適量之施用對分糵及藁谷收量有良好影響。Mn 1~5ppm時效果最佳，20ppm時收量減少，50ppm時毒害甚大。對照區（無錳）之藁收量為100時，Mn 1~5ppm為124，Mn 20ppm為76，Mn 50ppm為34，對谷收量之指數，Mn 1~5ppm為116，Mn 20ppm為70，Mn 50ppm為19。
培養液錳濃度對水稱中錳含量有正相關而對水稻中氮、磷、鉀含量似乎無影響。此等要素含量在藁部比根部高。
In order to ascrtaining the effect of manganese on the yield of paddy rice, water culture experiment were carried out in the green house. 500 ml. beakers as germination beds and 2 litre glass cylinders as water culture vessels were used. Culture solution was changed twice a week. There were two sections in this experiment being concerned.
(1) The effect of manganese applied in the nursery on the yield of paddy rice; Manganese was only applied in the nursery but not after transplantation. The result showed little difference of the growth of rice plants between the check plot and the treated plot after transplantation. It indicated that manganese absorbed by rice seedlings did not influence the latter growth of rice unless manganese would be applied continuously after transplantation.
(2) The effect of manganese applied after transplantation on the yield of paddy rice; Manganese effect much on the grwoth of rice plant due to the concentratration of Mn in culture solution. Number of culm, yields of straw and grain in the optimum Mn plot was increased, and the difference between the treated plot and the check plot was significant. Taking the yields of straw and grain of the check plot as 100 respectively, that of the other treated plot was calculated as follow; (Mn 1-5 p.p.m.) 124, (Mn 20 ppm.) 76, (Mn 50 p.p.m.) 34 for indices of straw, and (Mn 1-5 p.p.m.) 116, (Mn 20 p.p.m.) 70, (Mn 50 p.p.m.) 19 for the indices of grain.
High correlation between Mn content in rice plant and Mn concentration in culture solution was obtained by chemical analysis. N, P2O5, K2O contents in rice plant were not influenced by Mn treatment. The contents of these elements in straw was higher than that in root
(11(1):2-10)臺灣水稻之養分吸收之研究－（第三報）在屏東與臺北土壤，施用與不施堆肥及不同溫度之下水稻之養分吸收
No full textAgronomic characters and nutrient absorption of rice plants, Taichung No. 65 under the following treatments were investigated using pot culture. Two temperature plots (different temperatures in two glass-house), two kinds of soils (Pingtung slate and Taipei sandstone and shale alluvial soils) and two different rates of compost (5) g per pot and no application of crude compost), thus total of eight treatments were examined in an experiment of factorial design.
The high temperatures promoted plant length and heading date and increased the yields in the second crop. The high temperature also increased K contents and decr-eased N contents of straw. Total amounts of K absorption were generally increased by high temperatures.
Kind of soil gave distinctly different characters on plant growth. Plant length was longer and tiller number was less in Pingtung soil than in Taipei soil. Plants grown in Pingtung soil had more absorption of K, Si, Mn and less of N, P and Fe than in Taipei soil. It seems that Taipei soil is deficient in available Si and Mn.
Effect of compost shown a significant interaction with soil on rice yield especially in the first crop. Application of crude compost shown detrimental effect to the yield in Pingtung soil while Taipei soil was beneifited by it. It is considered that some specific characters of these two soil caused different deconiposition process of compost which in turn effect on crop yields.
以水稻臺中65號舉行玻璃室盆栽試驗，比較在屏東粘板岩沖積上及臺北砂岩頁岩沖積土，施用與不施堆肥，並在不同溫度處理下之水稻生育性狀和養分吸收。試驗仍如前報，於兩玻璃室內進行，其一係玻璃窗開啟，另一則關閉以做為比較上之高低溫區。如此水稻生育期間，高溫區平均溫度高於低溫度約 2.1oC~2.5oC。所施用之堆肥為碳氮比率 20 之半熟稻藥堆肥，其結果如下：
(1） 溫度之影響：高溫均促進株高，抽穗期及增加第二期作之收量。高溫也增加稻藁之鉀含有率而減低氮含有率並使鉀之吸收量增加。
(2） 土壤之影響：土壤種類對水稻生育及養分吸收之影響有顯著的差異。屏東上壤之水稻比臺北土壤者，其株高長，分蘗數少及對鉀、矽、錳之吸收量較多而氮、磷、鐵之吸牧量較少。臺北土壤表示有缺乏有效型態矽及錳。
(3） 堆肥之影響：堆肥之施用與土壤對第一期作穀藁收量有顯著的交感作用，即堆肥之施用對屏東土壤之水稻生育有阻害而減少收量，對臺北土壤反而增加收量。此可推想為此種半熱堆肥在兩種土壤中之分解過程不同而所生成之分解產物有異以致對水稻生育有不同影響
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