95 research outputs found
Quantification of t-wave morphological variability using time-warping methods
No full textThe aim of this study is to quantify the variation of the T-wave morphology during a 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Two ECG-derived markers are presented to quantify T-wave morphological variability in the temporal, dw, and amplitude, da, domains. Two additional markers, dwNLand daNL, that only capture the non-linear component of dwand daare also proposed. The proposed markers are used to quantify T-wave time and amplitude variations in 500 24-hour ECG recordings from chronic heart failure patients. Additionally, two mean warped T-waves, used in the calculation of those markers, are proposed to compensate for the rate dependence of the T-wave morphology. Statistical analysis is used to evaluate the correlation between dw, dwNL, daand daNLand the maximum intra-subject RR range, ∆RR. Results show that the mean warped T-wave is able to compensate for the morphological differences due to RR dynamics. Moreover, the metrics dwand dwNLare correlated with ∆RR, but daand daNLare not. The proposed dwand dwNLquantify variations in the temporal domain of the T-wave that are correlated with the RR range and, thus, could possibly reflect the variations of dispersion of repolarization due to changes in heart rate
StructuralComponents 6: An early-stage design tool for flexible topologies of mid-rise concrete buildings
No full textThe development of computational tools to aid with early-stage design of buildings is an emerging topic of great value. Developing a good conceptual design for a building is important because it can save a great amount of time and resources over the entire building process. This report discusses the project StructuralComponents 6, a continuation of the ongoing project StructuralComponents which focuses on the development of computational tools for conceptual building design. The goal of StructuralComponents 6 is to develop a tool for the conceptual design of mid-rise concrete buildings laterally supported by shear walls. The tool allows the user to digitally construct a prismatic, rectangular building design with a custom number and arrangement of shear walls, and performs structural validation of any given design in terms of stiffness, strength and stability. The project is split into three phases. 1) The conceptual design process is studied, and a framework of a conceptual design tool is developed. 2) A calculation method is developed that can be applied to a flexible number and arrangement of shear walls, assuming the shear walls are connected by infinitely-rigid floors. 3) The tool is implemented using Python and Grasshopper. A case study is performed to determine the applicability of the tool to real-life building design. It is concluded that the rigid-floor calculation method is adequate for the design of buildings with minimal out-of-plane floor effects (i.e. buildings with pre-cast floors). Through the case study, it is shown that the tool can be successfully applied to a building with a complex arrangement of shear walls.Civil Engineering | Building Engineerin
Discard sampling of the Dutch pelagic freezer fishery in 2008 and 2009
No full textThis report contains the results of the discard sampling programme on the Dutch pelagic trawl fisheries in the North East Atlantic in 2008 and 2009, which was instigated as part of the EC regulation 1543/2000 and 1693/2001 on data collection in European waters. Twelve trips in 2008 and eleven trips in 2009 on board of pelagic vessels were sampled
Defect Mapping and Proposing Preventive Methods for Defects in the Distribution Network Equipment of Elektrilevi OÜ
No full textAntud lõputöö eesmärk oli kaardistada Elektrilevi jaotusvõrgus esinevaid defekte ning pakkuda välja uusi lahendusi ja ennetusmeetodeid. Kaardistamise käigus otsiti seoseid defektide tekkimisel, mis aitaksid lahenduste otsimisel. Lahenduste otsimisel lähtuti ettevõtte kasumlikkusest.
Töö alguses tehti ülevaade võrgu elementidest, mis olid valitud selle töö jaoks. Lisaks anti elementide kirjeldus.
Kuna töö jaoks valiti kilbid, alajaamad ja visangud, siis esimene kaardistamise etapp oli eemaldada kõik defektid, mis polnud seotud valitud elementidega. See andis uue ülevaate defektidest ning võimaldas neid veelgi jagada. Defektid jagati aastate järgi, et saada ülevaade defektide avastamise trendist, mille tagajärjel oli näha, et perioodil 2019-2021 tehtud muutused olid positiivsed. Lõpuks jagati defektid nende tekkimise põhjuste alusel, mille järgi edaspidi otsiti lahendusi.
Välja valiti viis defekti, milleks said: vigased kontaktühendused, oksad visangus või selle läheduses, halb välimärgistus, kilpide ja alajaamade välimuse rikkumine, kergkruusa puudus. Välimuse rikkumine ja oksad visangus defektide lahendused ei sobinud ettevõttele, kuna nendes polnud vajadust või polnud neid võimalik ellu viia. Vigased kontaktühendused ja kergkruusa puudus ühendati kokku, kuna nende defektide lahendus kattus.
Vigaste kontaktühenduste ja puuduva kergkruusa defektide tekkimise vähendamiseks pakuti teha brigaadi põhiseid ülevaatuseid enne garantiiaja lõppu. Lisa lahendusena töös soovitatakse luua uued nõuded piltidele tehtud töödest. Tulemuseks vähendatakse tulevikus nende defektide tekkimist. Lisaks väheneb suuremate rikete tekkimise risk, kuna paljud rikete põhjustajad tehakse korda enne kui midagi jõuab juhtuda. Kui rakendatakse ka pakutud lisa lahendus, siis saab ettevõte säästa raha ülevaatuste tegemiste pealt.
Välimärgistuse puhul leiti, et kõige probleemsem oli ohukolmnurk. Leiti, mis ettevõte toode see on. Otsiti alternatiivseid lahendusi ning nende seast valiti välja toode kõige parema hinnaga ja kvaliteediga. Kvaliteedi eeldus tuleneb sellest, et hetkel on kasutuses sama ettevõte märgistus, mis samades tingimustes on vastu pidanud vähemalt kaks ülevaatus vahemikku. Uue toote hind oli kõrgem kui vanal tootel, aga arvestati ka aja ja rahaga, mis oli säästetud vähemast töö vajadusest. Tulemuseks oli uus toode odavam ning säästis suurel hulgal aega, mida saab kasutada teiste tööde teostamiseks.
Töö tulemused olid rahuldavad, kuna mitmele defektile leiti potentsiaalselt soodsamad ja tõhusamad lahendused, mis panustavad ettevõte arengule.Aim of this work was defect mapping and proposing preventive methods for defects in the distribution network equipment of Elektrilevi OÜ.
The source used in this work was defect database of Elektrilevi OÜ [2]. Database contains defects of all elements of distribution network. Defects were filtered out based on what elements were used in this work. Filtered data was used to map defects based on year of appearance. This indicated that changes made in years 2019-2021 were effective and lowered number of defects appearing. Then author divided data based on the causes of the defect. That helped in finding solutions to problems based on origin.
In the first part of this work were described elements of distribution network equipment that were used to search defects from. That was done to give a better perspective to defects described later.
Defects to use in this work were chosen based on their appearance rate, and potential of solving them within this work. Chosen defects were lack of gravel filling, faulty electrical connections, tree branches in cables or in direct proximity, low quality labeling materials, equipment’s violation of appearance.
Due to irrelevance to the company and legal impossibility, violation of appearance and tree branches in cables defects weren’t used as end results for this work. These defects were mentioned as additional with proposed solutions.
Defects that were left were analyzed. Author found causes of these problems and based on that proposed new solutions to problems.
For low quality labeling material defects, the proposed solution was to use materials from a different manufacturer. Defective element that author focused on was electrical hazard triangle label. At the moment of writing, materials used were manufactured by company named Ekar Trükk OÜ [4]. As these materials were overwhelmingly defective and didn’t meet the requirements, they were in main focus for solving this problem. By comparing different labeling elements author found out that materials used by different manufacturer were already used in this work and were of a much higher quality. Manufacturer of better materials were Hammarprodukten, a German company [6]. The author found required label, manufactured by Hammarprodukten sold in local shops. The new product was reasonably priced, but more expensive than the old product. In calculations, the author considered the saved time and the cost of work, as new the product needed less replacement. As a result, the new product is cheaper and has a higher quality than the old product.
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Solutions for the lack of gravel filling and the faulty electrical connections were fused in one, because they have a similar origin. Main issue with those defects, is that they can cause critical failures of equipment, depending on situation. Both are caused by mistakes made in the process of installing electrical equipment. Result of these defects can vary from small problems such as a minor electrical short circuit, to a whole substation burning down.
Proposed solution for this problem, was brigade-based follow-up check before work guarantee expiration. In the long run, it will push workers of partner companies to increase their work quality. Main change, is that now most of these defects would be corrected in the guarantee period, cutting company cost of fixing defects themself. In addition, it was proposed to create new requirements for photos taken of completed work, so it could be easily checked from distance. Better pictures would lower the need for on-site checks, therefore lowering cost of transportation and cutting work time needed for checks.
In the authors opinion, overall results of this work were satisfactory. The author proposed different solution to problems, and they would positively contribute to company’s overall development
An Analysis of Technical Rules for Legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Estonia
No full textAccording to Article 1, Subsection 1 of Technical Rules for Draft Legislation of the Republic of Estonia, draft legislation has to be consistent with generally recognised principles and rules of international law, the constitution, international agreements that have entered into force with respect to Estonia and the law of the European Union (1999). The specific character of the technical rules of European Union law arise from the joint practical guidelines for drafting legislation compiled by the European Parliament, Council and the Commission of the European Communities (The Joint Practical Guidelines, 2000), which should meet the requirements of the standard structure of generally applicable legislation. Having analyzed the elements of legislation in the Guidelines, the author was able to compile the following table 1, which reflects the standard structure of the legislation.
Understanding Meaning-Formation Processes in Everyday Life: An Approach to Cultural Phenomenology
No full textThe paper addresses a phenomenological explanation of the processes of meaning-formation that take place in everyday life. Whereas various social sciences have taken a structuralist standpoint and refer to cultural structures that inform and shape the way things are experienced, classical philosophical epistemology, in contrast, has put an emphasis on the individual mind as the active center of meaning-formation. The author argues for a cultural phenomenology that is capable of giving a philosophically satisfying epistemological account of individual experiences that are culturally structured. As a result, meaning-formation processes are viewed as reciprocal enactment of mind and world, creating the qualitative dimension of meaning of human being-in-the-world
StructuralComponents 6: An early-stage design tool for flexible topologies of mid-rise concrete buildings
No full textThis paper discusses the project StructuralComponents 6, a continuation of the ongoing project StructuralComponents which focuses on the development of computational tools for conceptual building design beginning with Breider [1]. The goal of StructuralComponents 6 is to develop a tool for the conceptual design of mid-rise concrete buildings laterally supported by shear walls. The tool allows a user to digitally construct a prismatic, rectangular building design with a custom number and arrangement of shear walls and performs structural validation of any given design in terms of stiffness, strength and stability. The project in split into two main phases. 1) A calculation method is developed that can be applied to a flexible number and arrangement of shear walls, assuming the shear walls are connected by infinitely rigid floors. 2) The tool is implemented using Python and Grasshopper. A case study is performed to determine the applicability of the tool to real-life building design. It is concluded that the rigid-floor calculation method is adequate for the design of buildings with minimal out-of-plane floor effects (i.e. buildings with pre-cast floors) and minimal torsional effects. Through the case study, it is shown that the tool can be successfully applied to a building with a complex arrangement of shear walls.Applied Mechanic
How Struve and Tenner Started the Work of Their Life
No full textAbstractThe great Russian-Scandinavian arc measurement was initiated by two men: F. G. W. Struve and C. F. Tenner. When they decided to join their endeavours, they both had obtained a substantial experience - Struve had completed the Livonia triangulation and he had measured the meridian arc from Jekabpils to Hogland, and Tenner had finished the triangulation for the Vilnius government and was continuing it for Kurland, Grodno and Minsk governments. In 1827 Tenner came forward with the idea to join their arcs, and during the meeting of both men in Tartu in 1828 they signed the respective agreement. The most difficult point in merging the projects was the use of measuring rods with different units of length: Struve used European toises and Tenner Russian sazhens. These rods had to be thoroughly compared, which they did and the results were checked independently by F. F. Schubert and F. W. Bessel who found them to be in a very good accordance. The later extension of the meridian arc northward to Fuglenes and to Stara-Nekrasivka in south allowed Struve to determine the preliminary result for the oblateness of the Earth with a great precision (α = 1:294.73).</jats:p
Investigations on the common cat-tail, Typha latifolia.
No full textT. latifolia is a tall (up to 3m), semi-aquatic perennial herb with characteristically brown (sausage-like) female flowers, which persist for months (the male flowers are located above the female's ""sausage"" and quickly disintegrate). It is found in a wide range of habitats, marshes, ponds, ditches, and lakeshores, from seasonally-saturated soils to areas with standing water up to two feet deep. Gleason and Cronquist consider it cosmopolitan and, throughout our range, the common species inland.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/54752/1/3193.pdfDescription of 3193.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station
How Struve and Tenner Started the Work of Their Life
No full textThe great Russian-Scandinavian arc measurement was initiated by two men: F. G. W. Struve and C. F. Tenner. When they decided to join their endeavours, they both had obtained a substantial experience - Struve had completed the Livonia triangulation and he had measured the meridian arc from Jekabpils to Hogland, and Tenner had finished the triangulation for the Vilnius government and was continuing it for Kurland, Grodno and Minsk governments. In 1827 Tenner came forward with the idea to join their arcs, and during the meeting of both men in Tartu in 1828 they signed the respective agreement. The most difficult point in merging the projects was the use of measuring rods with different units of length: Struve used European toises and Tenner Russian sazhens. These rods had to be thoroughly compared, which they did and the results were checked independently by F. F. Schubert and F. W. Bessel who found them to be in a very good accordance. The later extension of the meridian arc northward to Fuglenes and to Stara-Nekrasivka in south allowed Struve to determine the preliminary result for the oblateness of the Earth with a great precision (α = 1:294.73)
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