233 research outputs found
Tartu ülikooli õpperaamatukogu sisevaated Jakobi t.
No full texthttp://www.ester.ee/record=b4082544*es
Improving the Logistical Process Based on Estonian Rescue Board
No full textLogistilistes protsessides osaleb palju osapooli, seda nii organisatsiooni siseselt kui ka väliselt. Seega on informatsiooni otsimise mugavus, lihtsus ja kiirus olulise tähtsusega protsesside efektiivses toimimises. Autor uuris kolme olulist punkti Päästeameti töös, milleks olid: • Päästeameti logistilised protsessid ja tegevused päästesündmuste lahendamise korral; • Päästeameti partnerite arv ja nende piisavus edukaks toimimiseks; • väliste teenusepakkujate andmebaasi rakendamine Päästeametis ja selle võimalik saavutatav efekt. Päästeameti põhiülesanneteks on päästetööde juhtimine ja selleks valmisoleku tagamine. Nende ülesannete täitmiseks peab Päästeamet määrama komandode asukohad üle terve Eesti, kavandama päästeressurssi, koolitama inimesi ja analüüsima teenuseid ning neid arendama. Päästetöödele reageerimine on üles ehitatud neljale tasandile ja neljaks astmeks jaotatud süsteemile. See süsteem võimaldab hinnata ka päästesündmuste keerukust, mis aitab Päästeametil juhtida, suunata ja kaasata vajalikku ressurssi päästesündmuste lahendamiseks. I tasandi astme päästesündmusele reageerib üks meeskond ning II, III ja IV tasandi astme sündmusele vastavalt rohkem. Inimeste koolitamist, teenuste analüüsi ja arendust aitab teostada Päästeameti strateegia, mis on välja töötatud aastaks 2025. Päästeameti strateegia käsitleb mitmeid olulisi punkte, milleks on tehnoloogia ja teenuste kaasajastamine, partnerluse suurendamine erinevate osapooltega, organisatsioonilise võimekuse suurendamine ja jätkuv muutumine ennetavaks elanikkonnakaitse organisatsiooniks. Nende punktide täitmise eest vastutab Päästeameti juhtkond koos peadirektoriga. Lisaks sellele kuulub Päästeameti teenustepaketti 30 erinevat teenust, mis hõlmavad endas pääste- ja ennetustöö teenuseid. Päästeteenused on paigutatud komandodesse erinevatesse Eestimaa piirkondadesse keskkonnaeripäradest tulenevalt. Näiteks on metsade läheduses asuvad komandod varustatud metsatulekahjude kustutamise teenusega. Päästeameti logistiliste protsesside analüüs näitas seda, et kitsaskohad tekivad suurõnnetuste ja suuremahuliste päästesündmuste korral, mis vajad lahendamiseks väliste teenusepakkujate ressurssi. Kuna Päästeameti ressurss on piiratud ja iga komando ei ole varustatud kõikide päästetenustega. Päästeameti olemasolevate lepinguliste partnerite arv ei ole suur ning see ei kata piisavalt erinevaid tegevusvaldkondi, et maandada erinevaid riske ja probleeme, mis võivad kaasneda suurõnnetuste korral erinevates piirkondades üle Eesti. Näiteks on Päästeametil ainult üks partner rasketehnikat pakkuvate ettevõtete seas ja see asub Harjumaal. Lisaks sellele puudub ka Päästeametil väliste teenusepakkujate andmebaas, mis võimaldaks Päästeameti logistikutel otsida lihtsalt ja mugavalt vajalikku informatsiooni erinevate partnerite või kaardistatud ettevõtete kohta. Olemasolevate lepinguliste partnerite kohta käiv informatsioon oli esitatud läbisegi ning vajaliku info otsimine oli raskendatud. Autor koostas sisedokumentidest ja intervjuust kogutud informatsiooni põhjal lepinguliste ja kaardistatud ettevõtete kohta kategoriseeritud andmebaasi ning pealkirjastas andmebaasi lahtrid, et informatsiooni otsimine oleks lihtsam ja mugavam. Olemasolevate lepinguliste partnerite ning kaardistatud ettevõtete analüüsist selgus, et partnerite arvu suurendamine võib aidata suurendada Päästeameti paindlikkust, kuna paljudel ettevõtetel on välja töötatud üle Eestiline võrgustik, mida Päästeamet saaks samuti kasutada. Autor koostas näidisolukorra lahenduse kontrollimaks andmebaasi. Näidisolukord kujutas endast laiaulatusliku metsatulekahju kustutamist Hummuli vallas Valgamaal. Olukorras olid välja toodud erinevad tegevused, mida Päästeamet pidi tegema, et olukord kontrolli alla saada ja lõplikult lahendatud. Näiteks pidi olukorra lahendamisse kaasama vabatahtlikke, kontakteeruma naaberriikide Päästeametitega, hoolitsema toitlustuse ja majutuse tagamise eest oma töötajatele ja evakueeritud tsiviilelanikele. Näidisolukorra analüüs näitas seda, et andmebaasis oli vajalik informatsioon erinevate väliste teenusepakkujate kohta olemas ja selle otsimine oli lihtsam ja kiirem. Lõputööst selgus, et kategoriseeritud andmebaasist informatsiooni otsimine lepinguliste ja kaardistatud ettevõtete kohta on lihtsam ja kiirem. Autor teeb ettepaneku sellist tüüpi andmebaasi kasutusele võtmise ja selle täiendamise pidevalt uute ettevõtetega, kuna see võib suurendada Päästeameti paindlikkust üle Eestiliste päästesündmuste lahendamisel.Topic of the thesis is Improving the Logistical Process based on Estonian Rescue Board. The aim of the thesis was to form suggestions that could help Estonian Rescue Board improve their logistical process by formulating a database using a 3PL strategy. Easy and comfortable are the two keywords when talking about information search and it is something that every organisation values. Nowadays more and more companies are improving their databases by digitalizing them and it helps a lot, for example it makes communication with other companies easier, searching for data easier and storing information easier. Storing information and categorizing it to a database can help to improve the efficiency of a logistical process in the long run. In the first part of the thesis author gathered information about the 3PL and described the following topics: the reasons of buying logistical services, different types of logistical service providers, risks and problems that may happen when using a 3PL, relationship between a customer and 3PL and the process of buying logistical services. In the second part of the thesis author gathered information about Estonian Rescue Board and found answers for the following questions: • which are the logistical processes and procedures of the Estonian Rescue Board when facing accidents; • how many partners does Estonian Rescue board have and is it enough; • how can Estonian Rescue Board use the database and what would be the possible outcome? Author gathered information about logistical processes of the Estnoan Rescue Board when facing accidents and the analyze showed that Estonian Rescue Board faces difficulties when dealing with accidents that need a lot of rescources and happen in the different parts of Estonia. Author gathered information about the partners from the internal documents and made an interview with the Estononian Rescue Board’s expert The analyze showed that the number of Estonian Rescue Board’s partners is small and the information about them is hard to find. For the next step author formulated a categorized database about the partners and added different companies, which could help to improve the logistical process of Estonian Rescue Board. Final step was to formulate a training accident to see how does the database work and what would be the possible outcome. The results showed that all the required information was available in the database and it was easy to find it. The final analyze showed that searching for information from categorized database about partners is easier and faster than manually from internal documents and the internet Author suggested to start using this kind of database and to add more companies to it because a lot of companies have a large network and through that it can help Estonian Rescue Board become more agile in their everyday operations
Maaleht.ee potentsiaalsed arengusuunad
No full textThe author of this paper has studied the internet environment Maaleht.ee in depth. The
current version was developed and implemented more than four years ago. Maaleht.ee
has always operated at a loss – in comparison with local major internet environments, the
visiting statistics are very low.
With various studies the author has determined the following:
- Level of contents and structure in the current version of Maaleht.ee, placing
special attention to usage potential of the paper edition resources of Maaleht.
- Visiting reasons, the frequency and the main social characteristics of the visitors
of Maaleht.ee.
- Technical realisation level of the current version of Maaleht.ee.
The author believes that the main problem lies not in the contents, but in the unattractive
display of the materials in Maaleht.ee – thus the low statistics.
To bring up the statistics and the number of pageviews, the author suggests not to alter
the orientation or the contents of the internet environment, but to practice effective means
used by local internet portals to lure visitors: weekly newsletter, discussion groups, photo
galleries, printable TV guide, sweepstakes, online-interviews, new design, chopping
articles, large color photos, assigning privileges to users, concern-wide cross-advertising,
search engine optimization, new advertising formats. The aim is to emphasize the
standing contents and to maximize the resources of the paper edition.
The new Maaleht.ee would combine the effective means of internet portals and the
unique contents of the paper edition of Maaleht. The circulation numbers reveal that
Maaleht is the second largest weekly newspaper in Estonia. The fact that Maaleht does
not have any serious competition in Estonia means that the idea has a lot of potential
Types of private forest owners and their motives for action
No full textKäesolev töö põhineb autori läbiviidud küsitlusel ühe metsaühistu liikmete seas. Küsitluse
eesmärgiks oli uurida omanike metsamajanduslike otsuste kujunemise tausta ja selgitada
erinevate metsanduslike eesmärkidega gruppide olemasolu valimis.
Varasemates uuringutes on metsaomanike käitumismotiive analüüsides selgitatud
omaniketüüpide olemasolu. Uudse ja eksperimentaalse lähenemisena keskendub käesolev
töö erametsaomanike käitumismotiivide uurimisele omanike endi tüübimääratluse alusel.
Töö eesmärk on uurida omaniku metsandusliku enesemääratluse ja tema käitumismotiivide
seoseid.
Selgus nelja tingliku omanikutüübi: „Looduskaitsjad“, „Passiivsed metsaomanikud“,
„Puidukasutusele orienteeritud omanikud“ ja „Talumetsaomanikud“ esinemine valimis.
Autor järeldab analüüsile tuginedes, et uuritud valimi metsamajanduslik käitumine
eelmainitud rühmades vastab teiste meetoditega selgitatud kuvandile sellenimelistest
omanikutüüpidest.
Töös analüüsitud valim oli statistiliselt väheesinduslik ja seetõttu vajab kasutatud
metoodika põhjendatus täiendavaid uuringuid (võrdlusi teiste uuringutega erametsaomanike
tüpoloogiast). Soovitatav on tulevikus läbi viia ka kvalitatiivne uuring, et selgitada
ankeedivastuste kooskõla tegelikkusega.
Praktilise väljundina näeb autor võimalust, kirjeldatud uuringu tulemuste alusel, eelkõige
konkreetse metsaühistu tööd tõhustada.This work is based on the author conducted survey among members of one private forest
association. The purpose of survey was to explain the background of owners decision
making and to investigate the existence of various types of forest owners in the sample
group.
In previous studies, by analyzing the owners forestry behaviour is explained the formation
of probabilistic typology of private forest owners. As an innovative and experimental
approach, current paper focused on the investigation of motives of private forest owners
thru their own definition of the type.
The work aims to investigate the links between owners forestry decisions and their selfdefinition.
It turned out four types of forest owners: "Conservationists", "Passive owners“, „Timberoriented
owners“ and „Farm forest owners“ in the sample group. The author concludes that
the behavior inside these types corresponding to types of forest owners explained by other
methods.
This sample, the study analyzes was statistically low representative and therefore
methodology used needs justification in further studies (comparisons with other studies in
the typology of private forest owners). It is recommended to carry out a qualitative study in
the future to find answers correlation with reality.
Author sees the possibility of practical output of the results of the study, to improve work of
the specific forest association in particular
Temaatiline ringkiri ajalehe "Läänlane" kirjasaatjaile 1948. a. augusti-, septembri- ja oktoobrikuuks
No full texthttps://www.ester.ee/record=b5684246*es
An overview of evaluating the profitability of private forestry in different countries and in Estonia from 2010 to 2011
No full textErametsanduse tasuvuse hindamisega hakati maailmas tõsisemalt tegelema eelmise kümnendi alguses, Eestis 8-9 aastat tagasi, 2011. aastal jõuti esimese suuremamahulise analüüsi koostamiseni.
Käesoleva magistriastme lõputöö teoreetilise osa koostamisel on Austria ja Soome puhul kasutatud peamiselt Euroopa Metsainstituudi (EFI) toimetisi, Hispaania ning USA kohta pärinevad andmed suures osas teemakohastest andmebaasidest. Töö praktilises osas on antud ülevaade Eesti erametsanduse tasuvusest 2010 ja 2011. Antud töö eesmärgiks on käsitleda erametsanduse tulususe hindamist ning sellega seotud probleeme erinevates riikides, keskendudes töö teises osas detailsemalt Eestile. Lõputöö teoreetilise osa koostamiseks kasutati erinevaid andmebaase ning teemakohaseid teadusartikleid ja analüüse. Magistritöö praktilise poole kirjutamiseks osaleti 2011. ja 2012. aastal koos Paavo Kaimre ja Risto Sirgmetsaga Eesti erametsanduse tasuvust käsitlevate analüüside koostamisel. Eesti erametsanduse 2010. aasta teoreetiline ja tegelik puhastulu olid vastavalt 89 ja 63 eurot hektarile, 2011. aastal olid antud näitajad 77 ja 111 eurot hektari kohta. Netotulu suurenemise peamiseks põhjuseks 2011. aastal oli raiemahtude kasv, mitte puidu hinna tõus või kulude langus. Kasumlikkuse tõusule avaldas mõlemal aastal suurt mõju maailmamajanduse taastumisest alguse saanud puiduhindade kasv, mis 2011 aasta lõpus pöördus aga taas langusesse. Eesti erametsanduse kasumlikkuse veelgi täpsemaks hindamiseks pikemas perspektiivis on vaja välja selgitada näiteks metsaomandi haldamisega seotud kulud. Antud magistriastme lõputööd on võimalik kasutada hilisemate vastavasisuliste uurimuste ja analüüside läbiviimisel.Scientists from all over the world started to evaluate private forest profitability more profoundly at the beginning of the previous decade.In Estonia, a deeper internest in the topic emerged approximately 7-8 years ago. The first comprehensive study on the topic was concluded in 2011.
In the theoretical part, the used data for Austria and Finland consists mainly of the proceedings of European Forest Institute (EFI) and the data used for Spain and USA is mostly from adequate databases. The practical part of the master`s thesis consists of an overview of the profitability of private forestry in Estonia from 2010 to 2011. The purpose of this master`s thesis is to cover the topic of evaluating the profitability of private forestry and problems of the sector in different countries. The second part of the thesis has a more detailed focus on Estonia. Adequate databases, analysis and research articles were used to compile the theoretical part of the thesis. For the practical part of the thesis, the author participated in compiling the analysis of the profitability of Estonian private forestry with Paavo Kaimre and Risto Sirgmets. The teorethical and real net income of Estonian private forestry in 2010 was respectively 89 and 63 euros per hectare, in 2011 repectively 77 and 111 euros per hectare. The main reason for a bigger income in 2011 was the growth of volume harvested, not the growth of timber price, or lower costs. The improved profitability in 2010 and 2011 was highly influenced by the growth of timber prices, which were the result of the recovery of world economy. At the end of year 2011 timber prices started to turn downside again. In order to make the evaluation of the profitability of Estonian private forestry more accurate in the longer perspective, it is needed to find out the expences involved in managing the estate. This master`s thesis can be used in compiling future resarch and analysis
Early-life food stress hits females harder than males in insects: a meta-analysis of sex differences in environmental sensitivity
No full textFitness consequences of early-life environmental conditions are often sex-specific, but corresponding evidence for invertebrates remains inconclusive. Here we use meta-analysis to evaluate sex-specific sensitivity to early-life nutritional conditions in insects. Using literature-derived data for 85 species with broad phylogenetic and ecological coverage, we show that females are generally more sensitive to food stress than males. Stressful nutritional conditions during development typically lead to female-biased mortality and thus increasingly male-biased sex ratios of emerging adults. We further demonstrate that the general trend of higher sensitivity to food stress in females can primarily be attributed to their typically larger body size in insects and hence higher energy needs during development. By contrast, there is no consistent evidence of sex-biased sensitivity in sexually size-monomorphic species. Drawing conclusions regarding sex-biased sensitivity in species with male-biased size dimorphism remains to wait for the accumulation of relevant data. Our results suggest that environmental conditions leading to elevated juvenile mortality may potentially affect the performance of insect populations further by reducing the proportion of females among individuals reaching reproductive age. Accounting for sex-biased mortality is therefore essential to understanding the dynamics and demography of insect populations, not least importantly in the context of ongoing insect declines.Data are provided as .xlsx files, and R scripts are provided for analyses. We encourage researchers interested in the re-use of this data set and code to contact the authors of the data set.Funding provided by: Eesti TeadusagentuurCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002301Award Number: PRG741Funding provided by: Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Environmental Sciences*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: 42900/1312/3141Data collection
These data were collected for a meta-analysis to assess sex-specific sensitivity to early-life nutritional conditions in insects. We made use of experimental case studies reporting sex ratios at adult emergence in conspecifics reared under two or more diet treatments (food quality or availability). We collated primary studies in two complementary ways. The majority of primary data sets for this synthesis were collected systematically by the lead author (T. Teder) from an extensive list of journals in the field of entomology, ecology and evolutionary biology, partly as a result of one-time retrospective screening (articles published before 2003) and partly as a result of continuous screening (articles published between 2004 and 2021) of journals' tables of contents. Our systematic screening meant that the journals' tables of contents were routinely examined, and all papers identified as potentially containing relevant data on the basis of article titles were subjected to full-text review. As data of this type are typically reported in tables and figures, their identification within articles was straightforward.
To increase the amount of primary data, additional studies were identified by a thorough search in major literature databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, published until 2021). These complementary searches in the literature databases were undertaken to find relevant data in journals that remained uncovered by our main data collection method. Accordingly, while exploring the search results, we primarily focused on studies published in journals that were not subjected to systematic screening. The basic procedure for identifying relevant primary papers among search results was basically identical to that used when screening journals' contents: papers identified as potentially containing relevant data based on article titles were retrieved for full-text review. To minimize any search-related biases, we used only search queries that were strictly neutral concerning the focal questions of our study (i.e. sex-specific sensitivity to nutritional stress). Accordingly, our search queries included only combinations of very generic search terms: one of several synonyms of sex ratio ('sex ratio', 'proportion/percentage/fraction of males/females'), 'mortality' and one of particular insect order names ('Diptera', 'Hemiptera', 'Lepidoptera', 'Coleoptera', 'Orthoptera', etc., or 'insect*'). No restriction was set on the language or publication year of primary studies.
As a major exception, we systematically ignored studies focusing on Hymenoptera and Thysanoptera during the process of data collection. These groups of insects have haplodiploid sex determination (males develop from unfertilized and females from fertilized eggs) which provides mothers with an efficient mechanism for manipulating offspring sex ratio. We also did not consider taxa regularly exhibiting asexual reproduction, such as aphids.
Data extraction and criteria for eligibility
For a study to be considered, it had to provide two types of information: i) sex ratios at adult emergence for multiple (two or more) diet treatments together with sample sizes, and ii) corresponding juvenile mortality rates. Typically, sex ratios in primary studies were reported as the proportion/percentage of males/females or the ratio of the two sexes at adult emergence (or, in a few cases, at the pupal stage). As sample sizes for sex ratio estimates were not always explicitly indicated, we applied various indirect approaches to derive them, most often combining information on sample sizes at the start of the experiment with data on mortality throughout juvenile stages.
The combined juvenile mortality rate of the two sexes was used as a proxy for nutritional stress. Accordingly, our research relies on the premise that, within each primary study, food stress was most severe in treatments with the highest mortality rates and least pronounced in treatments with the lowest mortality rates. Both egg-to-adult and larval mortality rates (often reported as survival rates) were considered equally acceptable measures of juvenile mortality. In a few cases, we also accepted mortality rates estimated over a particular fixed part of the larval stage (two primary studies) or the pupal stage (three studies).
We limited our inclusion criteria to studies where major external mortality agents – predators and parasitoids – were explicitly excluded. In all studies included, experimental treatments were applied to the F1 generation only, whereas their parents were maintained under identical conditions, excluding in this way any parental effect on sex ratios. Among-treatment differences in nutritional stress were solely due to variations in food quality (e.g., different host plants, different prey species, also different artificial diets) or food availability. Otherwise, the conditions were uniform within the experiments. Data from multifactorial experiments (e.g. those manipulating both diet and temperature) were divided into different data sets so that the environmental factor of our interest was allowed to vary while other factors were held constant. In some primary studies, food quality and amount were manipulated indistinguishably within the same experimental setup. Data extracted from different studies were always treated as different data sets. However, data from a single study could also be split into multiple primary data sets if obtained from different experiments or using different species/populations/genotypes. We deliberately did not consider studies in which diet treatments applied contained pesticides or their residues. WebPlotDigitizer 4.3 (A. Rohatgi; https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer) was used to extract graphically presented data.
One should note that the overwhelming majority of primary studies were conducted in contexts other than the focus of our synthesis: sex differences in stress responses per se were rarely addressed in these papers. Therefore, a considerable share of primary studies found, between-treatment differences in juvenile mortality were relatively small, indicating low variation in environmental stress levels. Naturally, in order to meaningfully evaluate sex-specific responses to food stress, there must be some variation in food stress across treatments. We therefore arbitrarily limited our main database to a subset of primary studies in which mortality rates across treatments had at least a 10 % difference (calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum mortality rates across treatments). This way we ensured that growth conditions within studies were not "too similar" across treatments. Applying this threshold retained us altogether 125 primary data sets which formed the backbone of our analyses
Estonian forestland and trading with forestland based on the example of company AmEst Haldus OÜ
No full textMagistritöö
Metsatööstuse õppekavalEesti on metsarikas maa, kus üle poole pindalast on kaetud metsadega. Kuna metsade
puhul on tegemist taastuva loodusvaraga, nähakse metsamaad kui investeeringut. Metsa
ja metsamaasse investeerimiseks on erinevaid valikuvõimalusi.
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kas metsamaaga tasub kaubelda
ja millised tegurid kauplemist mõjutavad.
Töö jagati kolmeks osaks: Esimeses peatükis annab autor kirjandusliku ülevaate Eesti
metsadest. Teises peatükis keskendutakse metsamaaga kauplemisele ning sellega
kaasnevatele aspektidele. Kolmandas ehk empiirilises osas on kasutatud AmEst Haldus
OÜ majandusaasta aruandeid ning neid võrreldakse Eesti Statistilise Metsainventuuri
(SMI) andmetega.
Empiiriline osa toetus ettevõtte AmEst Haldus OÜ metsamaadega tehtud tehingutel ja
majandusaasta aruannetel. Uurimuse eesmärk oli mõista, kas ettevõttes rakendatav mudel
metsamaasse investeerimisel on kasumlik ja jätkusuutlik.
Uurimusest, milles käsitleti 2016-2021 aastal ettevõtte poolt tehtud ostu-müügitehinguid,
selgus, et selles vahemikus soetati metsamaid 1 159 hektari ulatuses, mille soetamiseks
taodeldi laenu 3,7 miljoni euro ulatuses, investeeringu kogumaksumuseks kujunes 4
miljonit eurot. Ettevõte otsustas müüa ostetud metsamaad ühise paketina 2021. aastal
pindalaga 1 260 hektarit. Kinnistud müüdi 5,7 miljoni euro eest. Kaitsealused metsad
(kokku 298 hektarit) müüdi ühes paketis hinnaga 1,2 miljonit eurot ning majandatavad metsad (kokku 962 hektarit) hinnaga 4,5 miljonit eurot. Lisaks müüdi metsamaterjali 1,9
miljoni euro eest.
Koguinvesteeringu maksumuseks oli 4,7 miljonit eurot. Investeeringu puhaskasumiks
kujunes 2,5 miljonit eurot. Investeeringu tasuvuseks (ROI) teeb see 61,7%.
Lisaks juba müüdud metsamaadele analüüsiti ettevõtte 2021.aastal soetatud metsamaade
tulevikuperspektiivi. Lisaks juba müüdud metsamaadele analüüsiti ettevõtte 2021 ja 2022
aastal soetatud metsamaade tulevikuperspektiivi ja autor andis endapoolse arvamuse.
Selle jaoks kasutatud nüüdispuhasväärtuse meetodit, mis omakorda kinnitas, et
metsainvesteeringute äri jätkamine on kasumlik.Estonia is a forest-rich country, where more than half of the area is covered with forests.
Since forests are a renewable natural resource, forest land is seen as an investment. There
are various options for investing in forests and woodlands.
This master's thesis aimed to determine whether it is worth trading forest land and what
factors affect trading.
The work was divided into three parts: In the first chapter, the author gives a literary
overview of Estonian forests. The second chapter focuses on the trade in forest land and
the related aspects. In the third or empirical part, the annual reports of AmEst Haldus OÜ
are used, and they are compared with the data of the Estonian Statistical Forest Inventory
(SMI).
The empirical part was based on transactions made with forest lands and financial year
reports of the company AmEst Haldus OÜ. The purpose of the research was to understand
whether the model implemented by the company for investing in forest land is profitable
and sustainable.
The research, which dealt with the purchase and sale transactions made by the company
in 2016-2021, revealed that during this period, 1,159 hectares of forest land were acquired,
for which a loan of 3.7 million euros was requested, and the total cost of the investment
was 4 million euros. The company decided to sell the purchased forest land as a joint
package in 2021 with an area of 1,260 hectares. The properties were sold for 5.7 million
euros. Protected forests (298 hectares) were sold in one package for 1.2 million euros and managed forests (962 hectares) for 4.5 million euros. In addition, forest material was sold
for 1.9 million euros.
The cost of the total investment was 4.7 million euros. The net profit of the acquisition
was 2.5 million euros. This makes for a return on investment (ROI) of 61.7%.
In addition to the forest lands already sold, the future perspective of the forest lands
acquired by the company in 2021 was analyzed. In addition to already sold forest lands,
the future perspective of the company's forest lands acquired in 2021 and 2022 was
analyzed, and the author gave his opinion. The net present value method was used for this,
which in turn confirmed that the continuation of the forest investment business is
profitable
The experiments of timber beams connected with oak plate dowels
No full textMagistritöö eesmärgiks oli teostada koormuskatsed tammepuidust plaatnaaglitega
ühendatud liittaladega ning võrrelda katse tulemusi teoreetiliste arvutustega. Arvutustes
lähtuti СНиП II-25-80 ehitusnormidest ja selle lisast (ЦНИИСК им. Кучеренко 1986)
ning Allika ja Kulbachi poolt 1962. aastal välja antud raamatust „Puitkonstruktsioonid“.
Katsed teostati seoses sellise ühendusviisi vähese uuringu ning kasutuse tõttu tänapäeval.
Katse käigus uuriti ka plaatnaaglite endi tugevust ning teostati eelpool mainitud liittalade
hinnakalkulatsioon võrreldes liimpuittaladega.
Katsete läbiviimiseks konstrueeriti kuusepuidust liittalad (6 tk), mille sidemeteks kasutati
tammepuidust (Euroopa tamm) plaatnaagleid. Kõik katsekehad olid ligikaudu kuus meetrit
pikad kogu ristlõikega
100400
mm. Liittaladele teostati Eesti Maaülikooli laboris
purustavad katsed, mis viidi läbi lähtuvalt EVS-EN 408:2010+A1:2012 standardist (2012).
Lisaks teostati plaatnaaglite (20 tk) katsed nihketugevuse määramiseks, mis olid mõõduga
125850
mm. Nende puhul lähtuti standardist ASTM D905 – 08 (2013).
Plaatnaaglite nihkekatsete tulemusena selgus, et katseliste väärtuste kohaselt olid
plaatnaaglid ligi 50% tugevamad võrreldes arvutuslikul teel saadud tulemustega. Töös
näidati, et liittalades võib kasutada 95%-lise tõenäosusega arvestuslikust hulgast väiksemal
hulgal naagleid, tagades liittala töötamise ühtse elemendina katse tulemustes saadud
piirkoormuste korral.
Hinnakalkulatsiooni tulemusena leidis autor, et sellise liittala konstrueerimine tuleb
võrreldes liimpuittalaga vähemalt 37% odavam.
Magistritöö raames teostatud uuringu vajalikkus seisnes samuti ka keskkonnasõbraliku,
soodsa ja otstarbeka lahenduse uurimisel liittala konstrueerimiseks. Sarnaste uuringute
teostamine on vajalik selleks, et tellijal oleks võimalik vastavalt erinevatele juhtudele (nt
restaureerimisel) kasutada erinevaid liittala konstruktsioone. Antud magistritöö puhul on
selleks lahenduseks plaatnaaglitega ühendatud liittalad.The purpose of the Master’s thesis was to analyze and test compound wood beams
connected with oak plate dowels. Another aim of the thesis was to analyze and compare
the conformity of the theory and experiments of compound beams and oak plate dowels.
During the thesis the author also examined the shear strength of oak plate dowels and
compared the building cost with glue laminated beam. The calculations are based on
СНиП II-25-80 building code and its appendix (ЦНИИСК им. Кучеренко 1986) and a
book „Puitkonstruktsioonid“ released in 1962 by Allikas and Kulbach. The tests were
executed due to the small amount of usage and studies of such connection method.
In order to carry out large test piece experiments, the author constructed six spruce wood
compound beams connected with oak plate dowels. All the large test pieces were about six
meters long and their cross-sections were
100400
mm. The large destructive
experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Estonian University of Life Sciences
according to EVS-EN 408:2010+A1:2012 standard (2012). Small oak plate dowel tests (20
pcs.) were also conducted and the purpose of these tests was to determine the shear
strength of oak plate dowels. The oak plate dowel dimensions were
125850
mm. The
small experiments were carried out according to ASTM D905 – 08 standard (2013).
The oak plate dowel test results showed that experimentally found results are up to 50%
stronger than the calculated results. This indicates that with 95% of a probability,
compound beams need less oak plate dowels to act as one unit in the same ultimate load as
found in the results of experiments.
The results of the price calculation indicate that the studied constructive solution,
compound beam, results in 37% less of a cost both in material and work price, than glue
laminated beam.
The necessity of this thesis study was to examine a sustainable, profitable and effective
solution for building a compound beam. Further similar studies are recommended to find
the best solution for constructing a compound beam in different situations (e.g. restoration)
which would also be beneficial to the clients. In the case of the thesis the solution is
compound beam connected with oak plate dowels
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