1,720,965 research outputs found
ALL1 gene alterations in acute leukemia: Biological and clinical aspects
No full textBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The ALL1 gene, also referred to as MLL, HRX or Htrx1, is interrupted in the vast majority of translocations involving the chromosome band 11q23. Alterations in this gene are reported in approximately 5-10% of acute leukemias (AL) and characterize different leukemic subtypes such as infant (< 12 months of age) AL, topoisomerase II inhibitors-related (TR) AL and a small subset of de novo AML and ALL. Distinguishing features of ALL1 alterations include the striking heterogeneity of its recombinations, i.e., more than 30 chromosome partners have been described in ALL1 rearrangements, and the lack of association with a definite lineage. The objective of this article is to review the biological and structural properties of ALL1 gene and its various fusion proteins, and to discuss the clinical relevance of these lesions with special emphasis on their role in molecular diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES: The material examined in the present review includes data published by the authors in this field, articles and abstracts published in journals covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline, as well as some more recent personal unpublished observations. STATE OF THE ART: The ALL1 gene spans approximately 90 kb of DNA in length, and consists of 36 exons, ranging in size from 65 bp to 4249 bp. ALL1 codifies for a major transcript of approximately or equal to 15 kb. It encodes a protein of more than 3910 amino acids, containing three regions sharing sequence homology with the Drosophila trithorax gene. These homologies suggest that ALL1 is a transcription factor controlling development and/or differentiation of human cells. To date, twelve ALL1 partner genes have been characterized which are involved in the following translocations: t(4;11), t(9;11), t(6;11), t(11;19), t(1;11) t(10;11), t(11;16), t(11;17) and t(X;11). Since all these genes do not share relevant homologies among each other, their putative role in ALL1 activation still remains to be clarified. The analysis of ALL1 breakpoint cluster region (bcr) shows that several DNA motifs implicated in illegitimate recombination events are located within the bcr. Thus, mapping of breakpoints in the different subtypes of ALL1 +ve leukemia may help in understanding the events leading to translocations in human ALs. In this respect, data on ALL1 breakpoint localization suggest that similar pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie infant and TR AL and that these events might differ from those occurring in de novo AL. The availability of this molecular marker provides a new tool for diagnostic purposes and characterization of ALs and for monitoring of minimal residual disease. To date, the prognostic value of ALL1 rearrangements has been clearly demonstrated for infant ALs only, whereas the clinical relevance of ALL1 rearrangements in the other leukemic subtypes needs further evaluation by future prospective studies on a larger number of patients homogeneously treated. As concerning studies on minimal residual disease, data on PCR monitoring of the ALL1/AF4 fusion transcript, resulting from the t(4;11) translocation, show the clinical relevance of this molecular test in predicting outcome and, as a consequence, in designing individual post-remission therapies. PERSPECTIVES: It is expected that future studies will provide more detailed information regarding either the normal ALL1 function and/or the leukemogenic effect of ALL1 alterations, together with a better definition of the prognostic relevance of the hybrid proteins formed by this gene at diagnosis and during remission of diseas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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